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Zheng M, Lin R, Zhu J, Dong Q, Chen J, Jiang P, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen Z. Effector Proteins of Type IV Secretion System: Weapons of Brucella Used to Fight Against Host Immunity. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:145-153. [PMID: 36809969 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230222124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Brucella is an intracellular bacterial pathogen capable of long-term persistence in the host, resulting in chronic infections in livestock and wildlife. The type IV secretion system (T4SS) is an important virulence factor of Brucella and is composed of 12 protein complexes encoded by the VirB operon. T4SS exerts its function through its secreted 15 effector proteins. The effector proteins act on important signaling pathways in host cells, inducing host immune responses and promoting the survival and replication of Brucella in host cells to promote persistent infection. In this article, we describe the intracellular circulation of Brucella-infected cells and survey the role of Brucella VirB T4SS in regulating inflammatory responses and suppressing host immune responses during infection. In addition, the important mechanisms of these 15 effector proteins in resisting the host immune response during Brucella infection are elucidated. For example, VceC and VceA assist in achieving sustained survival of Brucella in host cells by affecting autophagy and apoptosis. BtpB, together with BtpA, controls the activation of dendritic cells during infection, induces inflammatory responses, and controls host immunity. This article reviews the effector proteins secreted by Brucella T4SS and their involvement in immune responses, which can provide a reliable theoretical basis for the subsequent mechanism of hijacking the host cell signaling pathway by bacteria and contribute to the development of better vaccines to effectively treat Brucella bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
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Lin R, Li A, Li Y, Shen R, Du F, Zheng M, Zhu J, Chen J, Jiang P, Zhang H, Liu J, Chen X, Chen Z. The Brucella Effector Protein BspF Regulates Apoptosis through the Crotonylation of p53. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2322. [PMID: 37764165 PMCID: PMC10534853 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brucella type IV secretion system (T4SS) can promote the intracellular survival and reproduction of Brucella. T4SS secretes effector proteins to act on cellular signaling pathways to inhibit the host's innate immune response and cause a chronic, persistent Brucella infection. Brucella can survive in host cells for a long time by inhibiting macrophage apoptosis and avoiding immune recognition. The effector protein, BspF, secreted by T4SS, can regulate host secretory transport and accelerate the intracellular replication of Brucella. BspF has an acetyltransferase domain of the GNAT (GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases) family, and in our previous crotonylation proteomics data, we have found that BspF has crotonyl transferase activity and crotonylation regulation of host cell protein in the proteomics data. Here, we found that BspF attenuates the crotonylation modification of the interacting protein p53, which reduces the p53 expression through the GNAT domain. BspF can inhibit the transcription and protein expression of downstream apoptotic genes, thereby inhibiting host cell apoptosis. Additionally, the Brucella ΔbspF mutant stain promotes apoptosis and reduces the survival rate of Brucella in the cells. In conclusion, we identified that the T4SS effector protein BspF can regulate host cell apoptosis to assist Brucella in its long-term survival by attenuating crotonylation modification of p53 and decreasing p53 expression. Our findings reveal a unique mechanism of elucidating how Brucella regulates host cell apoptosis and promotes its proliferation through the secretion of effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuzhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ruitong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fangyuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jinying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Disease, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (R.L.); (A.L.); (R.S.); (F.D.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.C.); (P.J.); (J.L.); (X.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhang H, Ma W, Liu H, Tang W, Shu J, Zhou J, Zheng H, Xiao H, Yang X, Liu D, Liang H, Yang X. Systematic analysis of lysine crotonylation in human macrophages responding to MRSA infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1126350. [PMID: 36844408 PMCID: PMC9945341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1126350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most commonly encountered bacteria found in healthcare clinics and has been ranked a priority 2 pathogen. Research is urgently needed to develop new therapeutic approaches to combat the pathogen. Variations in the pattern of protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of host cells affect physiological and pathological events, as well as therapeutic effectiveness. However, the role of crotonylation in MRSA-infected THP1 cells remains unknown. In this study, we found that crotonylation profiles of THP1 cells were altered after MRSA infection. It was then confirmed that lysine crotonylation profiles of THP1 cells and bacteria were different; MRSA infection inhibited global lysine crotonylation (Kcro) modification but partially elevated Kcro of host proteins. We obtained a proteome-wide crotonylation profile of THP1 cells infected by MRSA further treated by vancomycin, leading to the identification of 899 proteins, 1384 sites of which were down-regulated, and 160 proteins with 193 sites up-regulated. The crotonylated down-regulated proteins were mainly located in cytoplasm and were enriched in spliceosome, RNA degradation, protein posttranslational modification, and metabolism. However, the crotonylated up-regulated proteins were mainly located in nucleus and significantly involved in nuclear body, chromosome, ribonucleoprotein complex, and RNA processing. The domains of these proteins were significantly enriched on RNA recognition motif, and linker histone H1 and H5 families. Some proteins related to protecting against bacterial infection were also found to be targets of crotonylation. The present findings point to a comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of lysine crotonylation in human macrophages, thereby providing a certain research basis for the mechanism and targeted therapy on the immune response of host cells against MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Deparment of Critical Care Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haoru Liu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wanqi Tang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Panzihua University, Panzihua, China
| | - Hongsheng Zheng
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Liang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaping Liang, ; Xia Yang,
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Wound Infection and Drug, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huaping Liang, ; Xia Yang,
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Zhang X, Chen J, Dong Q, Zhu J, Peng R, He C, Li Y, Lin R, Jiang P, Zheng M, Zhang H, Liu S, Chen Z. Lysine Acylation Modification Landscape of Brucella abortus Proteome and its Virulent Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839822. [PMID: 35300419 PMCID: PMC8921143 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myriad of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins that occur in all living cells are crucial to all kinds of biological processes. Brucella is an intracellular parasitic bacterium that can cause chronic diseases in both humans and livestock. To reveal the relationship between PTMs and the virulence and survival of Brucella, we described the first comprehensive multiple PTM-omics atlas of B. abortus 2308. Five PTMs involving lysine, namely 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, succinylation, crotonylation, acetylation, and malonylation were identified. Nearly 2,000 modified proteins were observed, and these proteins took part in many biological processes, with a variety of molecular functions. In addition, we detected many significant virulence factors of Brucella among the modified proteins. 10 of the 15 T4SS effector proteins were detected with one or more PTMs. Moreover, abundant PTMs were detected in other typical virulence factors. Considering the role of PTMs in various biological processes of Brucella virulence and survival, we propose that the virulence of Brucella is associated with the PTMs of proteins. Taken together, this study provides the first global survey of PTMs in Brucella. This is a prospective starting point for further functional analysis of PTMs during the survival of Brucella in hosts, interpretation of the function of Brucella proteins, and elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruihao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Innovative Institute of Zoonoses, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
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Cao SH, Chen ZH, Ma RY, Yue L, Jiang HM, Dong LH. Dynamics and Functional Interplay of Nonhistone Lysine Crotonylome and Ubiquitylome in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:783739. [PMID: 35369347 PMCID: PMC8964401 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.783739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe crotonylation of histones is discovered of late as one of the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that can regulate gene expression. However, the function of crotonylation on nonhistone proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unclear. Here, we aim to find the cellular characteristics of crotonylated nonhistone proteins and the cross talk with ubiquitinated proteins in VSMC phenotypic remodeling using the modified omics and proteomic analysis.MethodsWe performed the modified omics and proteomic analysis of VSMCs before and after the stimulation with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). The crotonylated and ubiquitinated pan-antibody was used to enrich proteins and then subjected to a high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis. The enrichment analysis was performed within differentially modified proteins in regard to GO terms, KEGG, and protein domains.ResultsAs a result, there were 2,138 crotonylation sites in 534 proteins and 1,359 ubiquitination sites corresponding to 657 proteins. These crotonylated proteins detected after PDGF-BB stimulation might be involved in various vital cellular pathways and carry out important functions in VSMCs. Some of them closely took part in significant physiological processes of VSMC phenotypic remodeling, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed the involvement of ubiquitinated proteins in the physiological processes of VSMC phenotypic remodeling, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, vascular smooth muscle contraction, RAS signaling pathway, or the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. A cross talk analysis showed that there were 199 sites within the 177 proteins modified by crotonylation and ubiquitination simultaneously. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated that crotonylated and ubiquitinated proteins play an important role in cellular bioprocess commonly and possibly have a synergistic effect.ConclusionIn summary, our bioinformatics analysis shows that the crotonylation and ubiquitination of nonhistone proteins play an essential role in VSMC phenotypic transformation induced by PDGF-BB stimulation. The cross talk between crotonylation and ubiquitination in glycolysis is possibly a novel mechanism during VSMC phenotypic remodeling.
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Borghesan E, Smith EP, Myeni S, Binder K, Knodler LA, Celli J. A Brucella effector modulates the Arf6-Rab8a GTPase cascade to promote intravacuolar replication. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107664. [PMID: 34423453 PMCID: PMC8488576 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of host cellular membrane transport pathways is a common pathogenic trait of many intracellular microbes that is essential to their intravacuolar life cycle and proliferation. The bacterium Brucella abortus generates a host endoplasmic reticulum‐derived vacuole (rBCV) that supports its intracellular growth, via VirB Type IV secretion system‐mediated delivery of effector proteins, whose functions and mode of action are mostly unknown. Here, we show that the effector BspF specifically promotes Brucella replication within rBCVs by interfering with vesicular transport between the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) and recycling endocytic compartment. BspF targeted the recycling endosome, inhibited retrograde traffic to the TGN, and interacted with the Arf6 GTPase‐activating Protein (GAP) ACAP1 to dysregulate Arf6‐/Rab8a‐dependent transport within the recycling endosome, which resulted in accretion of TGN‐associated vesicles by rBCVs and enhanced bacterial growth. Altogether, these findings provide mechanistic insight into bacterial modulation of membrane transport used to promote their own proliferation within intracellular vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Borghesan
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Erin P Smith
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sebenzile Myeni
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kelsey Binder
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Leigh A Knodler
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jean Celli
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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7
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Wang S, Mu G, Qiu B, Wang M, Yu Z, Wang W, Wang J, Yang Y. The Function and related Diseases of Protein Crotonylation. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3441-3455. [PMID: 34512158 PMCID: PMC8416722 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crotonylation is a kind of newly discovered acylation modification. Thousands of crotonylation sites have been identified in histone and non-histone proteins over the past decade. As a modification closely related to acetylation, crotonylation was reported to share many universal enzymes with acetylation. Crotonylated proteins have important roles in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, process of spermatogenesis, cell cycle, and also in the pathogenesis of different diseases, which range from depression to cancer. In this review, we summarize the research processes of crotonylation and discuss the advances of regulation mechanism of both histone and non-histone proteins crotonylation in difference physiological processes. Also, we focus on the alteration of the crotonylation under certain pathological conditions and its role in the pathogenesis of each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanqun Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingquan Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zunbo Yu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drugs Control, Beijing 100181, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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