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Olanlokun JO, Abiodun OW, Adegbuyi AT, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO. Mefloquine-curcumin combinations improve host mitochondrial respiration and decrease mitotoxic effects of mefloquine in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100180. [PMID: 38725654 PMCID: PMC11081784 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium infection is a health challenge. Although, antiplasmodial drugs kill the parasites, information on the effects of infection and drugs on the expression of some genes is limited. Malaria was induced in two different studies using NK65 (chloroquine-susceptible, study 1), and ANKA (chloroquine-resistant, study 2) strains of Plasmodium berghei in 30 male Swiss mice (n = 5) in each study. Mice orally received 10 mL/kg distilled water, (infected control), Mefloquine (MF) (10 mg/kg), MF and Curcumin (CM) (25 mg/kg), MF and CM (50 mg/kg), CM (25 mg/kg) and CM (50 mg/kg). Five mice (un-infected) were used as the control. After treatment, total Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from liver and erythrocytes while Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-free RNA were converted to cDNA. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed and relative expressions of FIKK12, AQP3, P38 MAPK, NADH oxidoreductase, and cytochrome oxidase expressions were determined. Markers of glycolysis, toxicity and antioxidants were determined using ELISA assays. While the expression of FIKK12 was blunted by MF in the susceptible study, co-treatment with curcumin (25 mg/kg) yielded the same results in the chloroquine-resistant study. Similar results were obtained on AQP3 in both studies. Curcumin decreased P38 MAPK in both studies. Plasmodium infection decreased NADH oxidoreductase and cytochrome oxidase but mefloquine-curcumin restored the expression of these genes. While glycolysis and toxicity were inhibited, antioxidant systems improved in the treated groups. Curcumin is needed for effective therapeutic efficacy and prevention of toxicity. Plasmodium infection and treatment modulate the expressions of some genes in the host. Curcumin combination with mefloquine modulates the expression of some genes in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Oludele Olanlokun
- Laboratories for Biomemebrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oshireku Wisdom Abiodun
- Laboratories for Biomemebrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Neil Anthony Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
- Laboratories for Biomemebrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Schepis A, Kumar S, Kappe SHI. Malaria parasites harness Rho GTPase signaling and host cell membrane ruffling for productive invasion of hepatocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111927. [PMID: 36640315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are the motile forms of the malaria parasites that infect hepatocytes. The initial invasion of hepatocytes is thought to be actively driven by sporozoites, but host cell processes might also play a role. Sporozoite invasion triggers a host plasma membrane invagination that forms a vacuole around the intracellular parasite, which is critical for subsequent intracellular parasite replication. Using fast live confocal microscopy, we observed that the initial interactions between sporozoites and hepatocytes induce plasma membrane ruffles and filopodia extensions. Importantly, we find that these host cell processes facilitate invasion and that Rho GTPase signaling, which regulates membrane ruffling and filopodia extension, is critical for productive infection. Interestingly, sporozoite cell traversal stimulates these processes, suggesting that it increases hepatocyte susceptibility to productive infection. Our study identifies host cell signaling events involved in plasma membrane dynamics as a critical host component of successful malaria parasite infection of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Schepis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Down the membrane hole: Ion channels in protozoan parasites. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1011004. [PMID: 36580479 PMCID: PMC9799330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases caused by protozoans are highly prevalent around the world, disproportionally affecting developing countries, where coinfection with other microorganisms is common. Control and treatment of parasitic infections are constrained by the lack of specific and effective drugs, plus the rapid emergence of resistance. Ion channels are main drug targets for numerous diseases, but their potential against protozoan parasites is still untapped. Ion channels are membrane proteins expressed in all types of cells, allowing for the flow of ions between compartments, and regulating cellular functions such as membrane potential, excitability, volume, signaling, and death. Channels and transporters reside at the interface between parasites and their hosts, controlling nutrient uptake, viability, replication, and infectivity. To understand how ion channels control protozoan parasites fate and to evaluate their suitability for therapeutics, we must deepen our knowledge of their structure, function, and modulation. However, methodological approaches commonly used in mammalian cells have proven difficult to apply in protozoans. This review focuses on ion channels described in protozoan parasites of clinical relevance, mainly apicomplexans and trypanosomatids, highlighting proteins for which molecular and functional evidence has been correlated with their physiological functions.
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Shangzu Z, Dingxiong X, ChengJun M, Yan C, Yangyang L, Zhiwei L, Ting Z, Zhiming M, Yiming Z, Liying Z, Yongqi L. Aquaporins: Important players in the cardiovascular pathophysiology. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106363. [PMID: 35905892 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin is a membrane channel protein widely expressed in body tissues, which can control the input and output of water in cells. AQPs are differentially expressed in different cardiovascular tissues and participate in water transmembrane transport, cell migration, metabolism, inflammatory response, etc. The aberrant expression of AQPs highly correlates with the onset of ischemic heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, etc. Despite much attention to the regulatory role of AQPs in the cardiovascular system, the translation of AQPs into clinical application still faces many challenges, including clarification of the localization of AQPs in the cardiovascular system and mechanisms mediating cardiovascular pathophysiology, as well as the development of cardiovascular-specific AQPs modulators.Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively reviewed the critical roles of AQP family proteins in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and described the underlying mechanisms by which AQPs mediated the outcomes of cardiovascular diseases. Meanwhile, AQPs serve as important therapeutic targets, which provide a wide range of opportunities to investigate the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and the treatment of those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Shangzu
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Xie Dingxiong
- Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou,China
| | - Ma ChengJun
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Li Yangyang
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Liu Zhiwei
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Zhou Ting
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Miao Zhiming
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Zhang Yiming
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China
| | - Zhang Liying
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China; Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou,China.
| | - Liu Yongqi
- Gansu University of traditional Chinese Medicine, LanZhou, China; Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation at Provincial and Ministerial Level, Lanzhou, China.
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Cha SJ, Kim MS, Na CH, Jacobs-Lorena M. Plasmodium sporozoite phospholipid scramblase interacts with mammalian carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 to infect hepatocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6773. [PMID: 34799567 PMCID: PMC8604956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After inoculation by the bite of an infected mosquito, Plasmodium sporozoites enter the blood stream and infect the liver, where each infected cell produces thousands of merozoites. These in turn, infect red blood cells and cause malaria symptoms. To initiate a productive infection, sporozoites must exit the circulation by traversing the blood lining of the liver vessels after which they infect hepatocytes with unique specificity. We screened a phage display library for peptides that structurally mimic (mimotope) a sporozoite ligand for hepatocyte recognition. We identified HP1 (hepatocyte-binding peptide 1) that mimics a ~50 kDa sporozoite ligand (identified as phospholipid scramblase). Further, we show that HP1 interacts with a ~160 kDa hepatocyte membrane putative receptor (identified as carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1). Importantly, immunization of mice with the HP1 peptide partially protects them from infection by the rodent parasite P. berghei. Moreover, an antibody to the HP1 mimotope inhibits human parasite P. falciparum infection of human hepatocytes in culture. The sporozoite ligand for hepatocyte invasion is a potential novel pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate. After transmission of Plasmodium sporozoites from infected mosquitoes, parasites first infect hepatocytes. Here, Cha et al. identify a sporozoite ligand (phospholipid scramblase) and the hepatocytic receptor (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1) as relevant for hepatocyte invasion and show that an antibody to hepatocyte-binding peptide 1 (HP1), which structurally mimics the sporozoite ligand, partially protects mice from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jae Cha
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Malaria Research Institute, 615N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Malaria Research Institute, 615N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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