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Tonon E, Cecchetto R, Diani E, Medaina N, Turri G, Lagni A, Lotti V, Gibellini D. Surfing the Waves of SARS-CoV-2: Analysis of Viral Genome Variants Using an NGS Survey in Verona, Italy. Microorganisms 2024; 12:846. [PMID: 38792676 PMCID: PMC11124265 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The availability of new technologies for deep sequencing, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), allows for the detection of viral genome variations. The epidemiological determination of SARS-CoV-2 viral genome changes during the pandemic waves displayed the genome evolution and subsequent onset of variants over time. These variants were often associated with a different impact on viral transmission and disease severity. We investigated, in a retrospective study, the trend of SARS-CoV-2-positive samples collected from the start of the Italian pandemic (January 2020) to June 2023. In addition, viral RNAs extracted from 938 nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed using NGS between February 2022 and June 2023. Sequences were analyzed with bioinformatic tools to identify lineages and mutations and for phylogenetic studies. Six pandemic waves were detected. In our samples, we predominantly detected BA.2, BQ.1, BA.5.1, BA.5.2, and, more recently, XBB.1 and its subvariants. The data describe the SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution involved in viral interactions with the host and the dynamics of specific genome mutations and deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Tonon
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.T.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
- UOC Microbiology Unit, AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Riccardo Cecchetto
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.T.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
- UOC Microbiology Unit, AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.T.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
- UOC Microbiology Unit, AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Nicoletta Medaina
- UOC Microbiology Unit, AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giona Turri
- UOC Microbiology Unit, AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (N.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Anna Lagni
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.T.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.T.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (E.T.); (R.C.); (A.L.); (V.L.); (D.G.)
- UOC Microbiology Unit, AOUI Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (N.M.); (G.T.)
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Wilkinson DA, Mercier A, Turpin M, Simbi MA, Turpin J, Lebarbenchon C, Cesari M, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Josset L, Yemadje-Menudier L, Lina B, Mavingui P. Genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Reunion Island. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 106:105381. [PMID: 36309317 PMCID: PMC9598258 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Island communities are interesting study sites for microbial evolution during epidemics, as their insular nature reduces the complexity of the population's connectivity. This was particularly true on Reunion Island during the first half of 2021, when international travel was restricted in order to mitigate the risk for SARS-CoV-2 introductions. Concurrently, the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant became dominant and started to circulate at high levels for several months before being completely replaced by the Delta variant as of October 2021. Here, we explore some of the particularities of SARS-CoV-2 genomic evolution within the insular context of Reunion Island. We show that island isolation allowed the amplification and expansion of unique genetic lineages that remained uncommon across the globe. Islands are therefore potential hotspots for the emergence of new genetic variants, meaning that they will play a key role in the continued evolution and propagation of COVID-19 as the pandemic persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Wilkinson
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France,GIP CYROI, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France,Corresponding author at: Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Alizé Mercier
- Santé Publique France, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Magali Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Marie-Alice Simbi
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France,GIP CYROI, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Jonathan Turpin
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France,GIP CYROI, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Josset
- CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,Virpath, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bruno Lina
- CNR des Virus des Infections Respiratoires, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,Virpath, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT) CNRS 9192, INSERM 1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France,Corresponding author
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