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Quesada S, Rosso AD, Mascardi F, Soler-Rivero V, Aguilera P, Mascuka SN, Boiro A, Arenielo E, Vijoditz G, Ferreyra-Mufarregue LR, Caputo MF, Cimolai MC, Coluccio Leskow F, Penas-Steinhardt A, Belforte FS. Integrative analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus biomarkers: Role of fecal hsa-mir-223-3p and gut microbiota in transkingdom dynamics. Mol Immunol 2024; 171:77-92. [PMID: 38795687 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves a florid set of clinical manifestations whose autoreactive origin is characterized by an overactivation of the immune system and the production of a large number of autoantibodies. Because it is a complex pathology with an inflammatory component, its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, assuming both genetic and environmental predisposing factors. Currently, it is known that the role of the human microbiome is crucial in maintaining the transkingdom balance between commensal microorganisms and the immune system. In the present work we study the intestinal microbiota of Argentine patients with different stages of SLE receiving or not different treatments. Microbiota composition and fecal miRNAs were assessed by 16 S sequencing and qPCR. hsa-miR-223-3p, a miRNA involved in several inflammation regulation pathways, was found underexpressed in SLE patients without immunosuppressive treatment. In terms of microbiota there were clear differences in population structure (Weighted and Unweighted Unifrac distances, p-value <0.05) and core microbiome between cases and controls. In addition, Collinsella, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus genera and aromatics degradation metabolisms were overrepresented in the SLE group. Medical treatment was also determinant as several microbial metabolic pathways were influenced by immunosuppressive therapy. Particularly, allantoin degradation metabolism was differentially expressed in the group of patients receiving immunosuppressants. Finally, we performed a logistic regression model (LASSO: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) considering the expression levels of the fecal hsa-miR223-3p; the core microbiota; the differentially abundant bacterial taxa and the differentially abundant metabolic pathways (p<0.05). The model predicted that SLE patients could be associated with greater relative abundance of the formaldehyde oxidation pathway (RUMP_PWY). On the contrary, the preponderance of the ketodeoxyoctonate (Kdo) biosynthesis and activation route (PWY_1269) and the genera Lachnospiraceae_UCG_004, Lachnospira, Victivallis and UCG_003 (genus belonging to the family Oscillospiraceae of the class Clostridia) were associated with a control phenotype. Overall, the present work could contribute to the development of integral diagnostic tools for the comprehensive phenotyping of patients with SLE. In this sense, studying the commensal microbial profile and possible pathobionts associated with SLE in our population proposes more effective and precise strategies to explore possible treatments based on the microbiota of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Quesada
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ayelén Daiana Rosso
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Florencia Mascardi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB), CONICET, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano (IUHI), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (HIBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Soler-Rivero
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Pablo Aguilera
- Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Sebastian Nicolas Mascuka
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Andrea Boiro
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Arenielo
- Sección Inmunología, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Vijoditz
- Sección Inmunología, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marina Flavia Caputo
- Sección Inmunología, Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Cimolai
- Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Federico Coluccio Leskow
- Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Alberto Penas-Steinhardt
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Sabrina Belforte
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional (GeC-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Programa del Estudio de Comunicación y Señalización Interreino (PECSI-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET-UNLu), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.
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Murdaca G, Tagliafico L, Page E, Paladin F, Gangemi S. Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1023. [PMID: 38790985 PMCID: PMC11117902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The synergic role of vitamin D and the intestinal microbiota in the regulation of the immune system has been thoroughly described in the literature. Vitamin D deficiency and intestinal dysbiosis have shown a pathogenetic role in the development of numerous immune-mediated and allergic diseases. The physiological processes underlying aging and sex have proven to be capable of having a negative influence both on vitamin D values and the biodiversity of the microbiome. This leads to a global increase in levels of systemic inflammatory markers, with potential implications for all immune-mediated diseases and allergic conditions. Our review aims to collect and analyze the relationship between vitamin D and the intestinal microbiome with the immune system and the diseases associated with it, emphasizing the effect mediated by sexual hormones and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Bartolomeo Hospital, 19038 Sarzana, Italy
| | - Luca Tagliafico
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Page
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy (E.P.)
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Paladin
- Elderly and Disabeld Department, San Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Liu Y, Zhu Q, Guo G, Xie Z, Li S, Lai C, Wu Y, Wang L, Zhong S. Causal associations of genetically predicted gut microbiota and blood metabolites with inflammatory states and risk of infections: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342653. [PMID: 38585702 PMCID: PMC10995310 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation serves as a key pathologic mediator in the progression of infections and various diseases, involving significant alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolism. This study aims to probe into the potential causal relationships between gut microbial taxa and human blood metabolites with various serum inflammatory markers (CRP, SAA1, IL-6, TNF-α, WBC, and GlycA) and the risks of seven common infections (gastrointestinal infections, dysentery, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and lung abscess, pneumococcal pneumonia, and urinary tract infections). Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO. Results After adding other MR models and sensitivity analyses, genus Roseburia was simultaneously associated adversely with CRP (Beta IVW = -0.040) and SAA1 (Beta IVW = -0.280), and family Bifidobacteriaceae was negatively associated with both CRP (Beta IVW = -0.034) and pneumonia risk (Beta IVW = -0.391). After correction by FDR, only glutaroyl carnitine remained significantly associated with elevated CRP levels (Beta IVW = 0.112). Additionally, threonine (Beta IVW = 0.200) and 1-heptadecanoylglycerophosphocholine (Beta IVW = -0.246) were found to be significantly associated with WBC levels. Three metabolites showed similar causal effects on different inflammatory markers or infectious phenotypes, stearidonate (18:4n3) was negatively related to SAA1 and urinary tract infections, and 5-oxoproline contributed to elevated IL-6 and SAA1 levels. In addition, 7-methylguanine showed a positive correlation with dysentery and bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion This study provides novel evidence confirming the causal effects of the gut microbiome and the plasma metabolite profile on inflammation and the risk of infection. These potential molecular alterations may aid in the development of new targets for the intervention and management of disorders associated with inflammation and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongjie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Senlin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyang Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang Z, Wu M, Pan Y, Wang Q, Zhang L, Tang F, Lu B, Zhong S. Causal relationships between gut microbiota and hypothyroidism: a Mendelian randomization study. Endocrine 2024; 83:708-718. [PMID: 37736821 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the maintenance of thyroid homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the causal relationships between gut microbiota and hypothyroidism. METHODS Summary statistics for 211 gut microbiota taxa were obtained from the largest available genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. Summary statistics for hypothyroidism were obtained from two distinct sources: the FinnGen consortium R9 release data (40,926 cases and 274,069 controls) and the UK Biobank data (22,687 cases and 440,246 controls), respectively. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was employed, and thorough sensitivity analyses were carried out to ensure the reliability of the results. RESULTS Based on the FinnGen consortium, we found increased levels of Intestinimonas (OR = 1.09; 95%CI = 1.02-1.16; P = 0.01) and Ruminiclostridium5 (OR = 1.11; 95%CI = 1.02-1.22; P = 0.02) may be associated with a higher risk of hypothyroidism, while increased levels of Butyrivibrio (OR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.92-0.99; P = 0.02), Eggerthella (OR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.88-0.98; P = 0.01), Lachnospiraceae UCG008 (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.85-0.99; P = 0.02), Ruminococcaceae UCG011 (OR = 0.95; 95%CI = 0.90-0.99; P = 0.02), and Actinobacteria (OR = 0.88; 95%CI = 0.80-0.97; P = 0.01) may be associated with a lower risk. According to the UK Biobank data, Eggerthella and Ruminiclostridium5 remain causally associated with hypothyroidism. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates consistent results without evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. CONCLUSION This study highlights the impact of specific gut microbiota on hypothyroidism. Strategies to change composition of gut microbiota may hold promise as potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuyi People's Hospital, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
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Shi J, Yi M, Xie S, Wang Z, Zhang X, Tan X, Tao D, Liu Y, Yang Y. Mendelian randomization study revealed a gut microbiota-neuromuscular junction axis in myasthenia gravis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2473. [PMID: 38291090 PMCID: PMC10827739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies have implicated that gut microbiota abundance is associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the causal relationship underlying the associations is still unclear. Here, we aim to investigate the causal effect of gut microbiota on MG using Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Publicly available Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level data for gut microbiota and for MG were extracted. Inverse variance weighted was used as the main method to analyze causality. The robustness of the results was validated with sensitivity analyses. Our results indicated that genetically predicted increased phylum Lentisphaerae (OR = 1.319, p = 0.026), class Lentisphaerae (OR = 1.306, p = 0.044), order Victivallales (OR = 1.306, p = 0.044), order Mollicutes (OR = 1.424, p = 0.041), and genus Faecalibacterium (OR = 1.763, p = 0.002) were potentially associated with a higher risk of MG; while phylum Actinobacteria (OR = 0.602, p = 0.0124), class Gammaproteobacteria (OR = 0.587, p = 0.036), family Defluviitaleaceae (OR = 0.695, p = 0.047), family Peptococcaceae (OR = 0.698, p = 0.029), and family Family XIII (OR = 0.614, p = 0.017) were related to a lower risk of MG. The present study provides genetic evidence for the causal associations between gut microbiota and MG, thus suggesting novel insights into the gut microbiota-neuromuscular junction axis in the pathogenesis of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dachang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wang Z, Jiang D, Zhang M, Teng Y, Huang Y. Causal association between gut microbiota and fibromyalgia: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1305361. [PMID: 38260871 PMCID: PMC10800605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1305361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome characterized by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain. A number of studies have implied a potential association between gut microbiota and FM. However, the casual association between gut microbiota and FM remains unknown. Method Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using the summary statistics of genetic variants from the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Inverse variance weighted (IVW), combined with MR-Egger and weighted median were used to investigate the causal association between 119 gut microbiota genera and FM. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the MR results, including heterogeneity test, leave-one-out test and pleiotropy test. Results A total of 1,295 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs), with no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy according to the sensitivity analyses. Five gut microbiota genera were found to have significant casual association with FM. Coprococcus2 (OR = 2.317, p-value = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.289-4.167), Eggerthella (OR = 1.897, p-value = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.313-2.741) and Lactobacillus (OR = 1.576, p-value =0.020, 95% CI: 1.073-2.315) can increase the risk of FM. FamillyXIIIUCG001 (OR = 0.528, p-value = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.289-0.964) and Olsenella (OR = 0.747, p-value = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.557-1.000) can decrease the risk of FM. Conclusion This MR study found that gut microbiota is casually associated with FM. New insights into the mechanisms of FM mediated by gut microbiota are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- College of life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- College of life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- College of life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojiang Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- College of life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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