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Kryczka KE, Demkow M, Dzielińska Z. Biomarkers in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy-What We Know and What Is Still to Be Found. Biomolecules 2024; 14:103. [PMID: 38254703 PMCID: PMC10813209 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a form of heart failure, often severe, that occurs in previously healthy women at the end of their pregnancy or in the first few months after delivery. In PPCM, the recovery of heart function reaches 45-50%. However, the all-cause mortality in long-term observation remains high, reaching 20% irrespective of recovery status. The incidence of PPCM is increasing globally; therefore, effort is required to clarify the pathophysiological background of the disease, as well as to discover specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The etiology of the disease remains unclear, including oxidative stress; inflammation; hormonal disturbances; endothelial, microcirculatory, cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix dysfunction; fibrosis; and genetic mutations. Currently, antiangiogenic 16-kDa prolactin (PRL), cleaved from standard 23-kDa PRL in the case of unbalanced oxidative stress, is recognized as the main trigger of the disease. In addition, 16-kDa PRL causes damage to cardiomyocytes, acting via microRNA-146a secreted from endothelial cells as a cause of the NF-κβ pathway. Bromocriptine, which inhibits the secretion of PRL from the pituitary gland, is now the only specific treatment for PPCM. Many different phenotypes of the disease, as well as cases of non-responders to bromocriptine treatment, indicate other pathophysiological pathways that need further investigation. Biomarkers in PPCM are not well established. There is a deficiency in specific diagnostic biomarkers. Pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal BNP are the best, however unspecific, diagnostic biomarkers of heart failure at the moment. Therefore, more efforts should be engaged in investigating more specific biomolecules of a diagnostic and prognostic manner such as 16-kDa PRL, galectin-3, myeloperoxidase, or soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor ratio. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge and future directions of exploring PPCM pathophysiology, including microRNA and heat shock proteins, which may improve diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and the development of specific treatment strategies, and consequently improve patients' prognosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E. Kryczka
- Department of Coronary and Structural Heart Diseases, National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
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Yıldız Ş, Karakaş S, Kaya C, Kural A, Gedikbaşı A, Ekin D, Serhanoğlu Z, Çaypınar SS, Ekin M. Evaluation of HSP70 levels in ectopic pregnancy, abortus imminens and intrauterine pregnancy. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1251-1258. [PMID: 36820610 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the serum levels of HSP70 concentrations in ectopic pregnancy (EP) patients compared with abortus imminens (AI) patients and healthy controls. Materials & methods: Age-matched patients were divided into three groups, with 30 patients in each group: EP, AI and healthy intrauterine pregnancy groups. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein and kept for HSP70 analysis. Results: The HSP70 levels were higher in the EP group than in AI patients and healthy controls (p < 0.05). The area under the curve for the serum HSP70 assay reached a value of 0.81 for a cutoff point of 11.12 pg/ml, which identified women with EP. Conclusion: Serum HSP70 levels increased in women with EP compared with healthy controls and women with AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Yıldız
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Sema Karakaş
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Cihan Kaya
- Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Acıbadem Bakirkoy Hospital, Istanbul, 34200, Turkey
| | - Alev Kural
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Asuman Gedikbaşı
- Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 34200, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekin
- University of Bristol, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
| | - Zınar Serhanoğlu
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
| | - Sema S Çaypınar
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura Training & Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Istanbul, 34280, Turkey
| | - Murat Ekin
- University of Health Sciences Istanbul, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training & Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, 34180, Turkey
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Zhong Z, Dong H, Wu Y, Zhou S, Li H, Huang P, Tian H, Li X, Xiao H, Yang T, Xiong K, Zhang G, Tang Z, Li Y, Fan X, Yuan C, Ning J, Li Y, Xie J, Li P. Remote ischemic preconditioning enhances aerobic performance by accelerating regional oxygenation and improving cardiac function during acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:950086. [PMID: 36160840 PMCID: PMC9500473 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.950086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) may improve exercise performance. However, the influence of RIPC on aerobic performance and underlying physiological mechanisms during hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure remains relatively uncertain. Here, we systematically evaluated the potential performance benefits and underlying mechanisms of RIPC during HH exposure. Seventy-nine healthy participants were randomly assigned to receive sham intervention or RIPC (4 × 5 min occlusion 180 mm Hg/reperfusion 0 mm Hg, bilaterally on the upper arms) for 8 consecutive days in phases 1 (24 participants) and phase 2 (55 participants). In the phases 1, we measured the change in maximal oxygen uptake capacity (VO2max) and muscle oxygenation (SmO2) on the leg during a graded exercise test. We also measured regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) on the forehead. These measures and physiological variables, such as cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters and heart rate variability index, were used to evaluate the intervention effect of RIPC on the changes in bodily functions caused by HH exposure. In the phase 2, plasma protein mass spectrometry was then performed after RIPC intervention, and the results were further evaluated using ELISA tests to assess possible mechanisms. The results suggested that RIPC intervention improved VO2max (11.29%) and accelerated both the maximum (18.13%) and minimum (53%) values of SmO2 and rSO2 (6.88%) compared to sham intervention in hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters (SV, SVRI, PPV% and SpMet%) and the heart rate variability index (Mean RR, Mean HR, RMSSD, pNN50, Lfnu, Hfnu, SD1, SD2/SD1, ApEn, SampEn, DFA1and DFA2) were evaluated. Protein sequence analysis showed 42 unregulated and six downregulated proteins in the plasma of the RIPC group compared to the sham group after HH exposure. Three proteins, thymosin β4 (Tβ4), heat shock protein-70 (HSP70), and heat shock protein-90 (HSP90), were significantly altered in the plasma of the RIPC group before and after HH exposure. Our data demonstrated that in acute HH exposure, RIPC mitigates the decline in VO2max and regional oxygenation, as well as physiological variables, such as cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters and the heart rate variability index, by influencing plasma Tβ4, HSP70, and HSP90. These data suggest that RIPC may be beneficial for acute HH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaping Dong
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Simin Zhou
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huaijun Tian
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Xiao
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaolin Ning
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Xie, ; Peng Li,
| | - Peng Li
- Department of High Altitude Operational Medicine, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxin Xie, ; Peng Li,
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