Cheng QW, Shen HL, Dong ZH, Zhang QQ, Wang YF, Yan J, Wang YS, Zhang NG.
Pneumocystis jirovecii diagnosed by next-generation sequencing of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid: A case report and review of literature.
World J Clin Cases 2023;
11:866-873. [PMID:
36818625 PMCID:
PMC9928697 DOI:
10.12998/wjcc.v11.i4.866]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
The advent of molecular targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors has greatly improved the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), thus significantly improving patient survival. The incidence of rare drug-related adverse events has gained increased attention.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a patient with advanced RCC treated with multiple lines of molecular targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, who developed a pulmonary infection after treatment with everolimus in combination with lenvatinib. Determining the pathogenic organism was difficult, but it was eventually identified as Pneumocystis jirovecii by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
CONCLUSION
Rare pulmonary infections caused by molecular targeted agents are not uncommon in clinical practice, but their diagnosis is difficult. Evaluating BALF with NGS is a good method for rapid diagnosis of such infections.
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