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Wang Y, Tian X, Song Q, Wang W, Guo X, Cui T, Pan Z, Chen Y, Chen W, Tan L, Zhang W. Application and Comparison of Different Regression Models in Iodine Balance Experiment on Women of Childbearing Age and Pregnant Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2474-2487. [PMID: 37807000 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The iodine balance experiment is a traditional approach to evaluate the physiological requirement for iodine, while the simple linear regression model (SLM) and the mixed effects model (MEM) are two primary methods used to analyze iodine balance experiments. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effects of these two regression models on the evaluation of iodine balance experiments to investigate appropriate valuation methods. By constructing SLM and MEM, zero iodine balance values (IBV) were determined, and the evaluation effects were compared. No changes were made to the experimental data for women of childbearing age, and cutoff values of 600 µg/day and 1000 µg/day, respectively, were chosen for further processing of the experimental data for pregnant women. Equation combinations 1-3 (EC1-3) were obtained by fitting SLM, and zero IBV were calculated as 110.26 µg/day, 333.06 µg/day, and 434.84 µg/day, respectively. EC4-6 were obtained by fitting MEM, and zero IBV were calculated as 110.44 µg/day, 335.79 µg/day, and 418.06 µg/day, respectively. The inclusion of inter-measurement variation as a random factor in the MEM yielded EC7-8, which reduced the test power of the iodine balance experiment on women of childbearing age. Our study suggested that when experimental conditions were tightly controlled, with fewer uncertainties or significant influences, computationally straightforward and well-understood SLM was preferred. If some uncertain factors might cause large changes in the experimental results, it was advised to use a more "conservative" MEM to calculate the zero IBV. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03279315 (17th September 2017, retrospectively registered), NCT03710148 (18th October 2018, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital Nutrition Department, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyi Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Nankai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingkai Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyun Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
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Smyth PPA, O’Dowd CD. Climate changes affecting global iodine status. Eur Thyroid J 2024; 13:e230200. [PMID: 38471306 PMCID: PMC11046319 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Global warming is now universally acknowledged as being responsible for dramatic climate changes with rising sea levels, unprecedented temperatures, resulting fires and threatened widespread species loss. While these effects are extremely damaging, threatening the future of life on our planet, one unexpected and paradoxically beneficial consequence could be a significant contribution to global iodine supply. Climate change and associated global warming are not the primary causes of increased iodine supply, which results from the reaction of ozone (O3) arising from both natural and anthropogenic pollution sources with iodide (I-) present in the oceans and in seaweeds (macro- and microalgae) in coastal waters, producing gaseous iodine (I2). The reaction serves as negative feedback, serving a dual purpose, both diminishing ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere and thereby increasing I2. The potential of this I2 to significantly contribute to human iodine intake is examined in the context of I2 released in a seaweed-abundant coastal area. The bioavailability of the generated I2 offers a long-term possibility of increasing global iodine status and thereby promoting thyroidal health. It is hoped that highlighting possible changes in iodine bioavailability might encourage the health community to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter PA Smyth
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin D O’Dowd
- Ryan Institute’s Centre for Climate & Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics, University of Galway, Ireland
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Mi N, Li Z, Zhang X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang S. Identification of potential immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in Graves' disease using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27175. [PMID: 38468967 PMCID: PMC10926144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism resulting from autoantibody-induced stimulation of the thyroid gland. Despite recent advancements in understanding GD's pathogenesis, the molecular processes driving disease progression and treatment response remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify crucial immunogenic factors associated with GD prognosis and immunotherapeutic response. To achieve this, we implemented a comprehensive screening strategy that combined computational immunogenicity-potential scoring with multi-parametric cluster analysis to assess the immunomodulatory genes in GD-related subtypes involving stromal and immune cells. Utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified co-expressed gene modules linked to cellular senescence and immune infiltration in CD4+ and CD8+ GD samples. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis enabled the identification of hallmark pathways distinguishing high- and low-immune subtypes. Our WGCNA analysis revealed 21 gene co-expression modules comprising 1,541 genes associated with immune infiltration components in various stages of GD, including T cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, NK cells, and Tregs. These genes primarily participated in T cell proliferation through purinergic signaling pathways, particularly neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, and DNA binding transcription factor activity. Three genes, namely PRSS1, HCRTR1, and P2RY4, exhibited robustness in GD patients across multiple stages and were involved in immune cell infiltration during the late stage of GD (p < 0.05). Importantly, HCRTR1 and P2RY4 emerged as potential prognostic signatures for predicting overall survival in high-immunocore GD patients (p < 0.05). Overall, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms driving GD progression and highlights potential key immunogens for further investigation. These findings underscore the significance of immune infiltration-related cellular senescence in GD therapy and present promising targets for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianrong Mi
- Department of General Practice, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Yingjing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
| | - Shaolian Wang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250013, China
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Zhou Z, Jin M, Li B, He Y, Liu L, Ren B, Li J, Li F, Liu J, Chen Y, Wan S, Shen H. Effects of different iodine levels on the DNA methylation of intrinsic apoptosis-associated genes and analysis of gene-environment interactions in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:2039-2052. [PMID: 37183696 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Iodine is an essential nutrient that may change the occurrence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Apoptosis and DNA methylation participate in the pathogenesis and destructive mechanism of AIT. We detected the methylation and the expression of mRNA of intrinsic apoptosis-associated genes (YWHAG, ING4, BRSK2 and GJA1) to identify the potential interactions between the levels of methylation in these genes and different levels of iodine. 176 adult patients with AIT in Shandong Province, China, were included. The MethylTargetTM assay was used to verify the levels of methylation. We used PCR to detect the mRNA levels of the candidate genes. Interactions between methylation levels of the candidate genes and iodine levels were evaluated with multiplicative and addictive interaction models and GMDR. In the AIT group, YWHAG_1 and six CpG sites and BRSK2_1 and eight CpG sites were hypermethylated, whereas ING4_1 and one CpG site were hypomethylated. A negative correlation was found between methylation levels of YWHAG and mRNA expression. The combination of iodine fortification, YWHAG_1 hypermethylation and BRSK2_1 hypermethylation was significantly associated with elevated AIT risk. A four-locus model (YWHAG_1 × ING4_1 × BRSK2_1 × iodine level) was found to be the best model of the gene-environment interactions. We identified abnormal changes in the methylation status of YWHAG, ING4 and BRSK2 in patients with AIT in different iodine levels. Iodine fortification not only affected the methylation levels of YWHAG and BRSK2 but also interacted with the methylation levels of these genes and may ultimately increase the risk of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Jin
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong He
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Ren
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Disorders Control, Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province150081, People's Republic of China
- National Health Commission & Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Mao X, Tang L, Li H, Zhang W, Liu L, Wang H, Headar A. Functional enrichment analysis of mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1213465. [PMID: 37876543 PMCID: PMC10591315 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1213465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperthyroidism in Chinese children is relatively high and has been increasing in recent years, which has a significant impact on their healthy development. Hyperthyroidism is a polygenic disorder that presents greater challenges in terms of prediction and treatment than monogenic diseases. This study aims to elucidate the associated functions and gene sets of mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism in terms of the gene ontology through GO enrichment analysis and in terms of biological signaling pathways through KEGG enrichment analysis, thereby enhancing our understanding of the expected effects of multiple mutated genes on hyperthyroidism in children. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the DNA samples of children with hyperthyroidism. Screening for pathogenic genes related to hyperthyroidism in affected children was performed using the publicly available disease databases Malacards, MutationView, and Clinvar, and the functions and influences of the identified pathogenic genes were analyzed using statistical analysis and the gene enrichment approach. Results Through GO enrichment analysis, it was found that the most significant gene ontology enrichment was the function "hormone activity" in terms of gene ontology molecular function. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included TG, CALCA, POMC, CGA, PTH, GHRL, FBN1, TRH, PRL, LEP, ADIPOQ, INS, GH1. The second most significant gene ontology enrichment was the function "response to peptide hormone" in terms of biological process. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included LRP6, TSC2, KANK1, COL1A1, CDKN1B, POMC, STAT1, MEN1, APC, GHRL, TSHR, GJB2, FBN1, GPT, LEP, ADIPOQ, INS, GH1. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that the most significant biological signaling pathway enrichment was the pathway "Thyroid hormone signaling pathway" function. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included NOTCH3, MYH7, TSC2, STAT1, MED13L, MAP2K2, SLCO1C1, SLC16A2, and THRB. The second most significant biological signaling pathway enrichment was the pathway "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" in terms of biological process. The corresponding mutated genes set that has common effects on hyperthyroidism in children included IGF1, CACNA1S, MYH7, IL6, TTN, CACNB2, LAMA2, and DMD. Conclusion The mutated genes in children with hyperthyroidism were closely linked to function involved in "hormone activity" and "response to peptide hormone" in terms of the biological signaling pathway, and to the functional pathways involved in "Thyroid hormone signaling pathway" and "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" in terms of the biological signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Mao
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Tang
- Center of Big Data and Business Itelligent, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Center of Big Data and Business Itelligent, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdalbari Headar
- Center of Big Data and Business Itelligent, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Yang M, Lai Y, Gan D, Liu Q, Wang Y, He X, An Y, Gao T. Possible molecular exploration of herbal pair Haizao-Kunbu in the treatment of Graves' disease by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1236549. [PMID: 37859983 PMCID: PMC10583570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1236549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To promote the development and therapeutic application of new medications, it is crucial to conduct a thorough investigation into the mechanism by which the traditional Chinese herb pair of Haizao-Kunbu (HK) treats Graves' disease (GD). Materials and methods Chemical ingredients of HK, putative target genes, and GD-associated genes were retrieved from online public databases. Using Cytoscape 3.9.1, a compound-gene target network was established to explore the association between prosperous ingredients and targets. STRING, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses visualized core targets and disease pathways. Additionally, we conducted a refined analysis of the binding interactions between active ingredients and their respective targets. To visualize these findings, we employed precise molecular docking techniques. Furthermore, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into the formation of more tightly bound complexes. Results We found that there were nine key active ingredients in HK, which mainly acted on 21 targets. These targets primarily regulated several biological processes such as cell population proliferation, protein phosphorylation, and regulation of kinase activity, and acted on PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathways to treat GD. Analysis of the molecular interaction simulation under computer technology revealed that the key targets exhibited strong binding activity to active ingredients, and Fucosterol-AKT1 and Isofucosterol-AKT1 complexes were highly stable in humans. Conclusion This study demonstrates that HK exerts therapeutic effects on GD in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway manner by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and immunomodulatory-related targets. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further investigation into GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Yang
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiwen Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Gan
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingyang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingna Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyong He
- Insititute of Laboratory Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi An
- Department of Obstetrics, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianshu Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Kravchenko V, Zakharchenko T. Thyroid hormones and minerals in immunocorrection of disorders in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225494. [PMID: 37711890 PMCID: PMC10499380 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones and essential elements iodine (I), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), etc. play an important role in the work of many organs and systems of the body, including the immune system and the thyroid gland, and a violation of their supply can be the cause of pathological changes in them. In pathology, the interaction between thyroid hormones (TG), minerals and the immune system is disturbed. The review of the literature examines the immunomodulatory role of TG, minerals, their properties, and their participation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). The study of the relationship between the excess or deficiency of minerals and AITD is described. The basis of the development of AITD - Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD), Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is the loss of immune tolerance to thyroid antigens - thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R). Immune-mediated mechanisms - production of autoantibodies to thyroid antigens and lymphocytic thyroid infiltration - are involved in the pathogenesis of AITD. Insufficiency of regulatory T cells (Treg) and regulatory B cells (Breg), imbalance between Th17-lymphocytes and Treg-lymphocytes, abnormal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines has a significant influence on the progression of AITD. With AITD, the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is disturbed and oxidative stress (OS) occurs. The lack of modern effective pharmacological therapy of AITD prompted us to consider the mechanisms of influence, possibilities of immunocorrection of pathogenetic factors using TG, micro/macronutrients. In order to develop a more effective treatment strategy, as well as approaches to prevention, a critical analysis of the ways of immunotherapeutic use of dietary supplements of I, Se, Zn, Mg and other minerals in AITD was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Kravchenko
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, Vasily Pavlovich Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Huang Y, Xu Y, Xu M, Zhao X, Chen M. Application of oral inorganic iodine in the treatment of Graves' disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150036. [PMID: 37077352 PMCID: PMC10106709 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine is a crucial trace element for the human body and the basic raw material for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Oral inorganic iodine includes dietary iodine and therapeutic iodine, both of which are closely associated with thyroid immunity and metabolism. Graves' disease (GD), also known as diffuse toxic goiter, is characterized by hyperthyroidism and high iodine metabolism. Clinically, patients diagnosed with GD are often asked to limit iodine intake or even avoid iodine in their diet. The latest research has demonstrated that the interference of dietary iodine with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) treatment may be overestimated. In addition, as a medication for GD treatment, the administration of inorganic iodine has shown positive results in patients with mild hyperthyroidism, a low thyroid autoantibody concentration, a small thyroid volume, a high iodine diet and so on. Inorganic iodine may also be used as an alternative when patients experience side effects with traditional ATDs and for those who still prefer conservative treatment. Due to its low teratogenicity, blood toxicity and bone marrow toxicity, inorganic iodine plays a unique role in special populations, such as pregnant or lactating patients and patients receiving tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In this review, the research progress, biological function, doses and effects, applicable populations and specific applications of dietary iodine and therapeutic iodine are summarized to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of GD, thus improving the quality of life of GD patients.
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Zheng T, Di S, Wang Y, Fei W, Liang W, Wang L. Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Echinacea purpurea against Hyperthyroidism-Induced Oxidative Stress via AMRK and PPAR Signal Pathway Using Transcriptomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010187. [PMID: 36613632 PMCID: PMC9820381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) is a well-known botanical supplement with antioxidant characteristics. However, the effects of EP on oxidative stress induced by hyperthyroidism have not yet been studied. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidative effect of ethanolic Echinacea Purpurea (EEP) on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress mice using an integrated strategy combining transcriptomics with network pharmacology analysis. Firstly, a hyperthyroidism mice model was induced via thyroxine (160 mg/kg) and EEP (1, 2, or 4 g/kg) once daily for 2 weeks. Body weight, thyroid-stimulating hormones, and oxidative stress markers were tested. Secondly, EEP regulating the potential genes at transcript level were analyzed. Thirdly, a network pharmacology based on the constituents of EEP identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was adopted. Finally, a joint analysis was performed to identify the key pathway. The results showed that EEP significantly changed the thyroid-stimulating hormones and oxidative stress markers. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR and Western Blotting demonstrated that the mechanism of the antioxidant effect of EEP reversed the mRNA expression of EHHADH, HMGCR and SLC27A2 and the protein expression of FABP and HMGCR in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways. This study integrates transcriptomics with network pharmacology to reveal the mechanism of ameliorative effect of EEP on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Songrui Di
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinyin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weican Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.W.)
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Azeez TA, Adetunji TA, Adio M. Thyrotoxicosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical presentation. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43162-022-00145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Thyrotoxicosis is a common endocrine disorder. The clinical presentation is variable, and it is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in Africa. This study was aimed at collating and analyzing the clinical characteristics of the disease across the continent so as to enhance correct and timely diagnosis.
Methods
The study is a systematic review with a meta-analysis. Studies, done in Africa, which documented the clinical features of thyrotoxicosis were selected. African Journal Online (AJOL), PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar, Research Square, SciELO, and medRxiv were systematically searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity was determined using I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test. LFK index and the symmetry of the Doi plot were used to assess publication bias.
Results
The eligible studies were 59 and the total sample size was 9592. The most common symptoms of thyrotoxicosis on the continent included palpitations (69%), weight loss (65%), heat intolerance (64%), tiredness (49%), increased appetite (49%), hyperhidrosis (48%), and insomnia (47%). The most common signs were thyromegaly (88%), tachycardia (67%), sweaty palms (54%), hand tremor (49%), and exophthalmos (49%). Atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and thyrotoxic heart disease were found in 9, 12, and 22% respectively. Other findings were hypertension (25%) and diabetes (9%).
Conclusion
Clinical presentation of thyrotoxicosis varies, and understanding these peculiarities would mitigate misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis in Africa.
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Zhou Z, Liu L, Jin M, Ren B, Meng F, Wang D, Li J, Li B, He Y, Li F, Shen H. Relationships between the serum TPOAb and TGAb antibody distributions and water iodine concentrations, thyroid hormones and thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study of 2503 adults in China. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-11. [PMID: 35876046 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the status of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) in three areas with differing water iodine concentrations; and to discuss the relationships between these two thyroid antibodies and thyroid diseases in the three areas. We investigated 2503 adults from three areas. Urinary iodine concentrations, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), TPOAb, TGAb and thyroid volume (TV) were measured, and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. The positivity rates of TGAb(+), TPOAb(+) and TGAb(+) and TPOAb(+) or TGAb(+) were significantly higher in iodine fortification (IF) areas than iodine adequate (IA) areas (all P < 0·05). In IF and iodine excess areas, the positivity rates of TPOAb(+), TGAb(+) and TPOAb(+) or TGAb(+) significantly increased with age (all P for trend < 0·05). The levels of TSH, TV and the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and goitre were significantly elevated in the thyroid antibody-positive groups in the three areas, but the FT3 was diminished (all P < 0·010). Positivity for TPOAb and TGAb was associated with an increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in the three areas. In areas with different median water iodine, positivity for both TPOAb and TGAb was associated with elevated TSH values. Notably, with the increased levels of TPOAb, the frequency of abnormally elevated TSH increased dramatically in the three areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihui Jin
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxuan Ren
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianshuang Li
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxiang Li
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong He
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
- National Health Commission and Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province, Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Harbin Medical University (23618504), Harbin, People's Republic of China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Human Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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12
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Current Knowledge and Behavior towards Salt Reduction among Hong Kong Citizens: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189572. [PMID: 34574497 PMCID: PMC8472437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive dietary salt intake is prevalent in the Hong Kong community. Over the last decade, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government has been actively promoting community participation to reduce salt intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the current knowledge levels and behaviors relating to dietary salt intake among Hong Kong adults. This cross-sectional survey involved 426 adults in Hong Kong. The findings of this study identified areas of knowledge deficit in the recommended upper limit of daily salt intake for an adult set by World Health Organization (n = 295, 69.2%) indicated a lack of awareness that the overconsumption of salt could cause coronary heart disease (n = 233, 54.7%). Disengagement with salt reduction behavior, such as rarely/never checking the sodium or salt content listed on the food label (n = 252, 59.2%) and rarely/never purchasing food labelled with low salt or no salt content (n = 292, 68.9%), was reported. Excessive salt intake in dietary habits remains an under-recognized non-communicable disease threat by Hong Kong citizens, indicating ineffective responsive risk communication. There is a need to refine existing salt reduction initiatives to aid in making appropriate decisions regarding dietary salt intake among Hong Kong citizens.
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