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Qiu R, Fu J. Prophylactic central lymph node dissection in cN0 papillary thyroid cancer: a comparative study of via breast and transoral approach versus via breast approach alone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356739. [PMID: 38774230 PMCID: PMC11106435 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) progresses slowly and has a good prognosis, while the prognosis is worse if combined with central neck lymph node metastasis at an early stage. The different endoscope approaches may affect the thoroughness of lymph node dissection. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of prophylactic central lymph node dissection(CLND) for cN0 PTC performed via breast and transoral approach versus via breast approach alone. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of the surgical data of 136 patients with stage cN0 PTC was performed from August 2020 to December 2022. Among them, 64 underwent the breast and transoral approach (combined approach group), and 72 underwent the breast approach alone (breast approach group). The relevant indexes of surgery, the number of lymph nodes dissected, the occurrence of postoperative complications, and the cosmetic satisfaction of incision were statistically compared between the two groups. Results The operation time of the combined approach group was 156.4 ± 29.8 min, significantly longer than that of the breast approach group, 119.6 ± 55.9 min, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The two groups of patients were compared in terms of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, hospitalization time, incision cosmetic satisfaction, and the occurrence of postoperative complications, and the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The total number of lymph nodes retrieved in the central area (10.6 ± 7.1) and the number of positive lymph nodes (4.6 ± 4.9) in the combined approach group were significantly more than those in the breast approach group (7.4 ± 4.8, 1.6 ± 2.7), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The difference between the two groups in terms of the number of negative lymph nodes was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The study demonstrated that choosing the breast combined transoral approach for prophylactic CLND of cN0 PTC could more thoroughly clear the central area lymph nodes, especially the positive lymph nodes, which could help in the evaluation of the disease and the guidance of the treatment, while not increasing the postoperative complications. It provides a reference for clinicians to choose the appropriate surgical approach and also provides new ideas and methods for prophylactic CLND in patients with cN0 PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongliang Qiu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinbo Fu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lou Y, Liu L, Jin M, Fu B, Xu C, Lu X. Endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest-collarbone approach versus conventional open thyroidectomy: a retrospective comparative study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 90:101429. [PMID: 38636287 PMCID: PMC11050726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Endoscopic thyroidectomy, such as axillary, areola and transoral approaches, offer the advantage of a good cosmetic outcome, but it requires a wider dissection field compared to open thyroidectomy. Recently, chest-collarbone approach thyroidectomy has been widely developed in China because of its shorter anatomical route compared to other endoscopic approaches. This study retrospectively evaluated endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest-collarbone approach in patients with thyroid nodules to determine its feasibility. METHODS A total of 46 patients with thyroid disease who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy between January 2022 and December 2022 were enrolled in the study and randomly matched to patients with thyroid disease who underwent open thyroidectomy at the same time based on nodule size and pathology. Postoperative bleeding, hoarseness situation, hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathyroidism and wound infection were assessed in both groups. RESULTS Forty-four patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy successfully and two patients changed to open thyroidectomy. The amount of postoperative drainage for the endoscopic thyroidectomy group was 102.78 ± 28.04 mL, and which was 71.91 ± 19.20 for open thyroidectomy group (p < 0.001). The postoperative hospital stay for the endoscopic thyroidectomy group was 8.78 ± 2.57 days, and which was 7.22 ± 1.13 for open thyroidectomy group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative bleeding, hoarseness situation, and wound infection between the two groups. Laryngeal nerve palsy, supraclavicular nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism were not observed in any patient during this study. CONCLUSION Chest-collarbone endoscopic thyroid surgery is acceptable. This treatment improves in a good cosmetic outcome in patients with thyroid disease. To assess patients with preoperative nodule size and nature of the case is the impact of the success rate, which is particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Lou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua, P.R. China
| | - Lutong Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua, P.R. China
| | - Bifei Fu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua, P.R. China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua, P.R. China.
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An R, Gu YX, Ni XH, Lei Y, Wang WT, Men XJ, Ma JY, Wang CL. The feasibility and clinical significance of lateral approach thyroidectomy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300604. [PMID: 38517866 PMCID: PMC10959362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By comparing the three lateral approaches to thyroidectomy, the feasibility and clinical effects were analyzed, and the advantages of the lateral approach were summarized. METHODS From January 2022 to January 2023, 52 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to our department were selected and subjected to Lateral approach for thyroidectomy. Among them, 31 patients underwent thyroidectomy via the supraclavicular approach, 13 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via the subclavicular approach, and 8 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via the axillary approach. The basic conditions, surgical conditions, complications, postoperative pain scores and postoperative satisfaction of patients in the three approach surgery groups were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the three approach groups in terms of patient characteristics, number of central lymph node dissections, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, duration of drainage tube placement, length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, satisfaction, and complications. However, the operation time was longest in the subclavicular approach group, followed by the axillary approach group, and shortest in the supraclavicular approach group. The total hospitalization cost was highest in the axillary approach group, followed by the subclavicular approach group, and lowest in the supraclavicular approach group. CONCLUSION The lateral approach for thyroidectomy is deemed a safe and effective method. The three different approach paths gradually increase in length, allowing for the accumulation of anatomical experience. This approach has a shorter learning curve for clinical doctors and is a favorable choice for patients seeking aesthetic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong-Xue Gu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xi-Hao Ni
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei-Tao Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Men
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Yi Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chang-Liang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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Zheng G, Ding W, Liu X, Liu Y, Sun H, Song X, Zheng H. Gasless Single-Incision Endoscopic Surgery via Subclavicular Approach for Lateral Neck Dissection in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1498-1508. [PMID: 38099992 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The technical difficulties and trauma of remote access methods in endoscopic surgery (ES) for lateral neck dissection (LND) can be daunting for most patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and surgeons. The purpose of study was to introduce gasless single-incision ES via a subclavicular approach (ESSA) and to explore its safety and efficacy for LND. METHODS Between January 2022 and February 2023, we retrospectively reviewed 17 patients with PTC who underwent ESSA for LND. In addition, 22 patients who received video-assisted ES (VAES) and 48 patients who underwent open surgery (OP) for LND during the same period were included. Clinicopathological characteristics, complications, and efficacy of the lymph node yield (LNY) were compared between the ESSA and the other two groups (VAES and OP). RESULTS The LNY from central and lateral neck dissection by ESSA was comparable to that by VAES (9.2 ± 8.1 vs. 9.5 ± 4.2, P = 0.986, and 33.5 ± 11.6 vs. 30.6 ± 9.2, P = 0.382, respectively) and OP (9.2 ± 8.1 vs. 11.0 ± 5.4, P = 0.420, and 33.5 ± 11.6 vs. 31.5 ± 7.9, P = 0.383, respectively). Swallowing impairment scores at 1 and 3 months were significantly lower after ESSA than those after VAES (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2, P = 0.003, and 0.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.7 ± 0.8, P = 0.006, respectively). The cosmetic satisfaction rate 1 month after surgery was significantly higher in the ESSA group than that in the VAES group (100 vs. 31.8%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ESSA is a safe and minimally invasive procedure that provides a scarless cervical appearance and has good efficacy for LND. Therefore, ESSA may be a feasible choice for selected patients with N1b PTC with cervical cosmetic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifang Ding
- Department of Health Care, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haitao Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
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Zheng G, Zheng H, Song X. ASO Author Reflections: A Promising Approach of Endoscopic Surgery for Lateral Neck Dissection in Patients with N1b Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:1521. [PMID: 38105380 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
| | - Haitao Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Woods AL, Campbell MJ, Graves CE. A scoping review of endoscopic and robotic techniques for lateral neck dissection in thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1297972. [PMID: 38390267 PMCID: PMC10883677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1297972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lateral neck dissection (LND) in thyroid cancer has traditionally been performed by a transcervical technique with a large collar incision. With the rise of endoscopic, video-assisted, and robotic techniques for thyroidectomy, minimally invasive LND is now being performed more frequently, with better cosmetic outcomes. Methods The purpose of this paper is to review the different minimally invasive and remote access techniques for LND in thyroid cancer. A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar search terms "thyroid cancer" and "lateral neck dissection" and "endoscopy OR robot OR endoscopic OR video-assisted". Results There are multiple surgical options now available within each subset of endoscopic, video-assisted, and robotic LND. The approach dictates the extent of the LND but almost all techniques access levels II-IV, with variability on levels I and V. This review provides an overview of the indications, contraindications, surgical and oncologic outcomes for each technique. Discussion Though data remains limited, endoscopic and robotic techniques for LND are safe, with improved cosmetic results and comparable oncologic and surgical outcomes. Similar to patient selection in minimally invasive thyroidectomy, it is important to consider the extent of the LND and select appropriate surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Woods
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Claire E Graves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
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Pace-Asciak P, Tufano RP. Future Directions in the Treatment of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2024; 57:155-170. [PMID: 37634983 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid disease has evolved considerably since the era of Theodor Kocher. We review the current trends in thyroid and parathyroid surgery concerning robotic surgery for remote access, the use of parathyroid autofluorescence detection technology to aid in the prevention of hypocalcemia as well as the use of thermal ablation to target thyroid nodules in a minimally invasive way. We also discuss how artificial intelligence is being used to improve the workflow and diagnostics preoperatively as well as for intraoperative decision-making. We also discuss potential areas where future research may enhance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Pace-Asciak
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ralph P Tufano
- Sarasota Memorial Health Care System Multidisciplinary Thyroid and Parathyroid Center, Sarasota, FL, USA
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Elzahaby IA, Hamdy M, Attia Ali E, Abdelaziz M, Saleh SS, Refky B. Endoscopic thyroidectomy using the axillo-breast approach in patients with lactating and/or large ptotic breasts. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:158-162. [PMID: 37596230 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of endoscopic hemithyroidectomy (EH) performed via the modified unilateral axillo-breast approach (UABA) in patients with lactating and/or large ptotic breasts. METHODS Between 2019 and 2021, we studied the records of twenty-three eligible female patients with lactating and/or large ptotic breasts who were presented with benign unilateral thyroid nodule (s) and who were treated by EH using modified UABA at Mansoura University Oncology Center or Meet Ghamr oncology center. The demographic data, clinicopathological parameters, operative and the esthetic outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Nine patients (39%) were lactating. All patients were obese (the mean BMI was 37.82 ± 4.37). All patients were having large breasts, cup C and D sizes (34% of patients & 56% of patients respectively), except for only two lactating female patients who had Cup B breasts. All patients were having ptotic breasts. The thyroid nodules greatest dimension ranged from 2.1-6 cm. All procedures were completed successfully endoscopically without any perioperative adverse events except for one case with temporary hoarseness of voice and three cases with axillary port sites cellulitis. The mean operative time was 83.26 ± 7.92 min. The patient satisfaction scores were high. CONCLUSION EH via modified UABA in patients with lactating and/or large ptotic breasts is safe, feasible and effective procedure without adverse events. It should be offered to this group of patients as an alternative to conventional open thyroidectomy if there is no other contraindication.
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Chen C, Gao D, Luo L, Qu R, Hu X, Wang Y, Guo Y. Parathyroid preservation in total endoscopic thyroid surgeries via the mammary areolas approach: Real-world data from a single center. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:5421-5428. [PMID: 37344318 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.05.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preserving parathyroid glands in situ is crucial to avoid surgical hypoparathyroidism, but it is also one of the greatest challenges during thyroid surgery. Magnified endoscopic imaging has been proposed as a way to improve parathyroid preservation. METHODS 2,603 consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery at the First People's Hospital of Zunyi from January 2018 to July 2022 were screened. 1,355 patients were eligible, including 965 endoscopic and 390 open cases. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) loss levels and severe parathyroid injury rates were compared between endoscopic and open cases. Meanwhile, factors that contribute to parathyroid injuries were assessed, including surgical extent, tumor size, carbon nanoparticle guidance, and surgical proficiency. RESULTS PTH loss levels were similar between endoscopic and open cases (P = 0.440). The incidence of severe parathyroid injuries was also comparable (7.8% for endoscopic vs. 6.9% for open, P = 0.592). The endoscopic group had higher rates of autologous parathyroid transplantation (39.5% vs. 24.4%, P = 0.000), while accidental parathyroidectomy rates were similar (11.4% vs. 10.8%, P = 0.739). Among patients who received the same extent of thyroid surgeries, no significant difference was found in PTH loss levels and severe parathyroid injury rates, except for a higher risk of severe parathyroid injuries in endoscopic bilateral thyroidectomy (18.52% vs. 11.52%, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS Despite the magnified endoscopic imaging facilitating the identification of parathyroid tissues, endoscopic approaches are not superior to open ones for the in-situ preservation of parathyroid glands. For a bilateral thyroidectomy, open approaches are safer for parathyroid preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Dan Gao
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Libo Luo
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Rui Qu
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaochi Hu
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Youming Guo
- Breast and Thyroid Center, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang N Rd, 563000, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Yu DY, Chang YW, Ku D, Ko SY, Lee HY, Son GS. Robotic thyroidectomy using gas-insufflation one-step single-port transaxillary (GOSTA) approach. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:8861-8870. [PMID: 37749201 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted this study to report our novel robotic thyroidectomy using gas-insufflation one-step single-port transaxillary (GOSTA) approach and compare it with a conventional transaxillary (CTA) approach using a retraction method for intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 354 patients who underwent robotic thyroidectomy between January 2019 and April 2023. Of these patients, 143 underwent the procedure through the GOSTA approach, which involves a small incision of 3 cm along the axillary folds with both arms down and a gas-insufflation, from skin flap creation to the completion of thyroidectomy as a one-step single-port procedure without the need for a retractor. The remaining 211 patients underwent the CTA approach. We analyzed the GOSTA approach and compared the surgical outcomes of the GOSTA (n = 100) and CTA (n = 167) approaches in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who underwent thyroid lobectomy. RESULTS Out of the 143 patients who underwent the GOSTA approach, 12 underwent total thyroidectomy and 9 underwent lateral neck lymph node dissection with total thyroidectomy. GOSTA-thyroid lobectomy was performed on 122 patients; of these, 100 were diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A comparative study with the CTA approach was only conducted in patients who underwent thyroid lobectomy. No significant differences were found in operative time, hospital stay, or complications between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Despite proceeding in one-step with a single smaller incision, from skin flap creation to the completion of thyroidectomy, the GOSTA approach is as feasible and safe as the CTA approach. Additionally, the GOSTA approach allows for thyroidectomy without using a retractor and reduces the workload for the surgeon and assistants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Yu
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Chang
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi, 15355, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dohoe Ku
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Ko
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Soo Son
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou S, Wu P, Li W, Li H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Li J, Peng X. Challenging routine: technical difficulties and solutions of endoscopic thyroidectomy via a combined transoral and breast approach - a case-series and learning curve. Int J Surg 2023; 109:3273-3282. [PMID: 37581626 PMCID: PMC10651247 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional cervical lymph node dissection often leaves large surgical scars, which seriously compromises the postoperative aesthetic effect and can affect the quality of life of patients. In this study, the safety and feasibility of robotic-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy with central neck dissection (CND) and lateral neck dissection (LND) via a combined transoral and breast approach are discussed in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was made of the data of 26 patients with stage cN1b papillary thyroid carcinoma who were admitted to the Thyroid Surgery Department of the Hunan Cancer Hospital from March 2021 to September 2022 and who underwent robotic-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy with LND via a combined transoral and breast approach. The demographic data, surgical indicators, postoperative data, and the postoperative complication rate of the patients were analyzed, and the learning curve was analyzed by cumulative summation. RESULTS All the patients underwent endoscopic surgery without any conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time was 313.7±50.3 min and the mean number of total positive/retrieved lymph nodes was 11.2±8.1/36.8±13.7. Two patients developed temporary laryngeal recurrent nerve palsy and three patients developed temporary hypoparathyroidism, all of whom recovered within 3 months postoperatively. No tumor recurrence occurred during follow-ups that ranged from 6 to 24 months. The mean postoperative quality of life (QOL) score was 189.1±118.2, test results ranging from 0 to 1300 with a lower score indicating a higher QOL, and the aesthetic satisfaction score was 4.2±0.7, test scores ranging from 0 to 5 with higher scores indicate higher satisfaction. The turning point of the learning curve was in the 11th case. CONCLUSIONS The robotic-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy with CND and LND via a combined transoral and breast approach is safe and feasible, and the improved cosmetic effect is remarkable, which is conducive to improving the postoperative QOL of patients. It provides a new surgical option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery
| | - Hui Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan
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Lu Q, Zhu X, Wang P, Xue S, Chen G. Comparisons of different approaches and incisions of thyroid surgery and selection strategy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1166820. [PMID: 37529600 PMCID: PMC10390217 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1166820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the traditional open thyroid surgery via a low collar incision remains the standard approach for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. However, this conventional approach will inevitably leave patients a neck scar and even cause a variety of complications such as paresthesia, hypesthesia, and other uncomfortable sensations. With the progress in surgical techniques, especially in endoscopic surgery, and the increasing desire for cosmetic and functional outcomes, various new approaches for thyroidectomy have been developed to avoid or decrease side effects. Some of these alternative approaches have obvious advantages compared with traditional surgery and have already been widely used in the treatment of thyroid disease, but each has its limitations. This review aims to evaluate and compare the different approaches to thyroidectomy to help surgeons make the proper treatment strategy for different individuals.
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Hassan I, Hassan L, Bacha F, Alsalameh M, Qatee O, Hassan W. Clinico-pathological initial outcome of a newly adopted novel surgical technique for nodal metastatic thyroid cancer at a large-volume centre in a high-income developing country. Front Surg 2023; 10:1204230. [PMID: 37377667 PMCID: PMC10291131 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1204230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Thyroid cancer is the most common tumour in the endocrine system. In the past decade, the incidence of lymph node metastasis has increased, and so has the patient demand for a smaller scar. This research reports the surgical and patho-oncological short-term outcomes of a novel, minimally invasive neck dissection approach for thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastases at the UAE's leading endocrine surgery centre. Methods This study employed a prospectively maintained surgical database to retrospectively analyse relevant parameters such as surgical complications, including bleeding, hypocalcaemia nerve injury and lymphatic fistula, as well as oncological metrics such as the type of tumour and the ratio of lymph node metastasis to the number of harvested lymph nodes in 100 patients that underwent open minimally invasive selective neck dissection. Results The study comprised 50 patients with thyroidectomy, with bilateral central compartment neck dissection (BCCND; 50%); 34 with thyroidectomy, BCCND and selective bilateral lateral compartment neck dissection (BLCND; 34%); and 16 patients with selective unilateral central and lateral compartment neck dissection by recurrent nodal disease (ULCND; 16%). The female-to-male gender ratio was 78:22, with median ages of 36 and 42 years, respectively. Histopathology findings revealed that 92% of patients had papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and 8% had medullary thyroid cancer. The mean total number of lymph nodes removed was 22 in the BLCND group, 17 in the ULCND group and 8 in the BCCND group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the average lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the BLCND group (p = 0.002). The percentage of temporary hypoparathyroidism was 29.8% and it persisted for 1.3%. The lateral compartment dissection morbidity was as follows: Four male patients with tall cell infiltrative PTC presented with pre-existing vocal cord paresis, necessitating nerve resection and anastomosis, and two more developed it after surgery (1.1% of the nerve at risk). Lymphatic fistulas occurred in four patients (4%) who were treated conservatively. Two patients were readmitted due to symptomatic neck collection. Horner syndrome was discovered in just one female patient. Male gender, aggressive histology and lateral compartment dissection independently increased surgical morbidity. In a high-volume endocrine centre, the adoption of minimally invasive selective neck dissections to treat nodal metastatic thyroid cancer did not increase specific cervical surgery complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farooq Bacha
- Department of Surgery, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Alsalameh
- Department of Surgery, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omran Qatee
- Department of Endocrinology, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wiam Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Burjeel Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Chen ZX, Chen JB, Pang FS, Lin ZH, Zhang XB, Cai BY, Zheng WW, Cao Y, Qin Y. A novel hybrid approach for "Scarless" (at the neck) lateral neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case series and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:985761. [PMID: 36568147 PMCID: PMC9780263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.985761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral neck dissection (LND) is a necessary treatment for thyroid cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis. However, the defect created during open surgery leaves a visible scar on the neck. With advancements in surgical technology, many robotic and endoscopic surgical techniques have been reported as alternatives to open surgery. In this study, we present a case series demonstrating the successful application of a novel hybrid approach for endoscopic LND and a review of different surgical approaches for "scarless" (at the neck) LND. We performed endoscopic LND via a combined chest and transoral approach in 24 patients between January 2021 and March 2022. The surgery was completed successfully in all patients with an average operation time of 298.1 ± 72.9 min. The numbers of positive/retrieved lymph nodes at levels II, III-IV, and VI were 0.7 ± 0.9/8.4 ± 4.1, 3.6 ± 2.7/19.5 ± 6.8, and 4.9 ± 3.9/10.3 ± 4.5, respectively. Complications included transient hypoparathyroidism in 10 patients, transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in 1 patient, internal jugular vein (IJN) injury in 1 patient, IJN sacrifice due to cancer invasion in 1 patient, and chyle leak in 1 patient, and no cases of tumor recurrence were observed during follow-up. The present case series indicates that the combined chest and transoral approach is feasible and effective for performing LND. Our review of different approaches for "scarless" (at the neck) LND identified advantages and disadvantages for all techniques. Our novel approach has unique advantages, and thus, it can provide an ideal surgical procedure for specific papillary thyroid carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - You Qin
- *Correspondence: You Qin, ; Zhen-Xin Chen,
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Si L, Mei H, Wang Q, Wang F, Sha S, He Z, Ke J. Surgical outcomes of different approaches to dissection of lymph nodes posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve: a retrospective comparative cohort study of endoscopic thyroidectomy via the areolar approach and via the axillo-breast approach. Gland Surg 2022; 11:1936-1945. [PMID: 36654954 PMCID: PMC9840993 DOI: 10.21037/gs-22-661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The American Thyroid Association (ATA) points out that lymph nodes posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve (LN-prRLN) should be routinely dissected. Due to the high risk of nerve injury, the lymph nodes in this area are difficult to dissect thoroughly. Although there are many approaches to endoscopic thyroidectomy, no study has been conducted on which one is more suitable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, thoroughness, related trauma, and feasibility of two widely used endoscopic thyroidectomy approaches, so as to provide a basis for the surgeon to select a better surgical approach. Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent ETA (n=26) and ETAB (n=36). All patients had a pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and underwent endoscopic right thyroidectomy from May 2015 to February 2022 in the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. The basic clinical data and surgical outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results There was no statistical difference between the two groups in basic clinical data and oncological characteristics, which meant that the baseline data of the two groups of patients were comparable. Significant statistical significance was observed in the operation duration (149.38±44.15 vs. 119.22±45.48 min, P=0.011), drainage volume 24 h after operation (95.54±16.79 vs. 54.46±15.11 mL, P<0.001), visual analog score (VAS) 24 h after operation (3.69±1.44 vs. 2.25±1.32, P<0.001), hospitalization duration after the operation (3.19±0.75 vs. 2.25±0.44 days, P<0.001), number of lymph node dissections after right recurrent laryngeal nerve resection (0.96±1.08 vs. 2.06±1.77, P=0.007), and number of lymph node metastases after right recurrent laryngeal nerve resection (0.12±0.33 vs. 0.58±1.00, P=0.025). Besides, there was no significant difference in the numbers of central lymph node dissections and central lymph node metastases. Conclusions Our study indicated that compared with ETA, ETAB may perform a more efficient dissection of the LN-prRLN based on less surgical trauma, which could provide a basis for the surgeon to select a better surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Si
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haijun Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Quhui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengnan Sha
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhixian He
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Tae K, Choi HW, Ji YB, Song CM, Park JH, Kim DS. Feasibility of transoral robotic selective neck dissection with or without a postauricular incision for papillary thyroid carcinoma: A pilot study. Front Surg 2022; 9:985097. [PMID: 36303854 PMCID: PMC9592833 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.985097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transoral robotic selective neck dissection (SND) with or without a postauricular incision for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods We studied 14 patients with PTC who underwent robotic SND via the transoral or combined transoral and postauricular approaches. Results The transoral approach was performed on 10 patients for dissection of levels III and IV. An additional postauricular incision was made on 4 patients for dissection of level II in addition to levels III, IV, and V. The operation was completed successfully in 13 patients, except 1 patient with the procedure conversion due to uncontrolled bleeding from the internal jugular vein. The mean numbers of removed lymph nodes in the lateral compartment were 23.1 ± 9.4 and 38.3 ± 8.5 in the transoral and combined groups. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurred in 1 patient, transient hypoparathyroidism in 3 patients, and chyle leakage in 1 patient. There were no hematomas, mental nerve injuries, surgical space infections, or CO2 embolisms. Conclusion Transoral robotic SND is feasible with or without a postauricular incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tae
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea,Correspondence: Kyung Tae
| | - Hae Won Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Bae Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Myeon Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Jin XX, Zhang QY, Gao C, Wei WX, Jiao C, Li L, Ma BL, Dong C. Thyroidectomy Using the Lateral Cervical Small Incision Approach for Early Thyroid Cancer. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:713-720. [PMID: 35478775 PMCID: PMC9036472 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s358959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Surgical resection is the main treatment for thyroid cancer, but while traditional open thyroidectomy improves prognosis, it also results in poor cosmetic outcomes. Therefore, we devised the lateral cervical small incision approach to thyroidectomy and will evaluate its efficacy. Methods The clinicopathological data of 191 patients who underwent unilateral thyroidectomy and isthmusectomy for early thyroid cancer were collected retrospectively. Of these, 100 patients underwent a traditional thyroidectomy using the median cervical approach (control group), and 91 patients underwent a thyroidectomy using the lateral cervical small incision approach (experimental group). The differences in perioperative prognosis, postoperative complications, and cosmetic outcomes between the two groups were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference in sex, age, tumor size, lymph node dissection, number of metastases, or postoperative complications between the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the duration of the operation; postoperative blood loss, drainage, and hospital stay; and scar color, blood circulation, hardness, and thickness between the groups (P < 0.05). The cosmetic outcomes of the incisions in the experimental group were more satisfactory than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion When compared with traditional open thyroidectomy, the lateral cervical small incision approach has a lower incidence of complications, a better perioperative prognosis, and an improved cosmetic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xin Jin
- Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xin Wei
- Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Jiao
- Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Lin Ma
- Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Breast, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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