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Xu Y, Xu C, Huang J, Xu C, Xiong Y. Astragalus polysaccharide attenuates diabetic nephropathy by reducing apoptosis and enhancing autophagy through activation of Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04038-0. [PMID: 38653852 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in diabetic patients. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is a natural active ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus with anti-hypertensive and anti-oxidative properties. This study aimed to explore the protective roles of APS and its underlying mechanisms in DN. METHODS After the establishment of a rat model of DN by a high-fat diet and treatment with 30 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), the effects of 100 mg/kg APS on the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio were measured. Histopathological alterations in renal tissues, renal cell apoptosis, renal inflammation, and oxidative stress were examined. The impacts of 0-200 μg/mL APS on the viability and apoptosis in high glucose (HG)-stimulated podocytes were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of genes was tested by immunoblotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS APS enhanced the expression of podocin and nephrin, increased viability, and reduced apoptosis in HG-induced podocytes. APS treatment abrogated high glucose-mediate suppression of autophagy in podocytes by activating the Sirt1/FoxO1 pathway. The Sirt1 inhibitor EX-527 eliminated the ameliorative effects of APS on renal dysfunction and renal tissue damage, as well as the inhibitory effects of APS on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in DN rats. Moreover, EX-527 inhibited APS-induced autophagy activation in DN rats. CONCLUSION APS mitigated DN under hyperglycemic conditions by activating the Sirt1/FoxO1 autophagy pathway, suggesting that APS is a promising agent for DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, 473 Hanzheng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, 473 Hanzheng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, 473 Hanzheng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanwen Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, 473 Hanzheng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, 473 Hanzheng Street, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Zhang A, Huang L, Tang M. Non-linear associations of HOMA2-IR with all-cause mortality in general populations: insights from NHANES 1999-2006. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:574. [PMID: 38388407 PMCID: PMC10885457 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2-IR) and mortality in obese and non-obese populations has not been clearly explained. METHODS A total of 7,085 individuals aged ≥ 20 years from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the study. Study endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models with restricted cubic spline analysis were used for analysis. RESULTS In the study populations, a total of 1666 all-cause deaths and 555 cardiovascular (CV) deaths were recorded during a mean follow-up of 195.53 months. Notably, a significant difference in obesity was observed in the association between HOMA2-IR and mortality. After adjustment for multiple variables, HOMA2-IR was positively associated with all-cause mortality in all participants, in those with normal BMI, and in those with obesity. Conversely, tertile 2 of HOMA2-IR was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in participants with obesity compared with tertile 1 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.89; P = 0.005). Results from restricted cubic spline analysis showed a J-shaped association between HOMA2-IR and all-cause and CV mortality. In addition, a nonlinear U-shaped correlation with all-cause (P for nonlinear < 0.001) and CV (P for nonlinear = 0.002) mortality was observed in the population with obesity, with inflection points of HOMA2-IR identified at 1.85 and 1.75. Below the inflection point of 1.85, a negative relationship between HOMA2-IR and all-cause mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS Elevated HOMA2-IR showed a notable correlation with increased risk of all-cause mortality. It was noteworthy that excessively reduced levels of insulin resistance showed a distinct association with increased mortality in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Lingchen Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100037, Beijing, China.
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3
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Zhang A, Zhang H, Mi L, Ding L, Jiang Z, Yu F, Tang M. Diabetes: a potential mediator of associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and stroke. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32324-y. [PMID: 38332417 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests associations between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), while diabetes is a common risk factor for CVD. The present study aims to clarify the effect of high PAH exposure on diabetes and stroke in general population. A total of 7849 individuals aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016 were included in the study. The logistic regression analysis modeled the association between PAH exposure and diabetes as well as stroke. The analysis yielded odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study also evaluated the potential mediating role of diabetes in the relation between PAH exposure and stroke via mediating effect analyses. Of the 7849 eligible participants, 1424 cases of diabetes and 243 cases of stroke were recorded. After adjusting for covariates including age, gender, smoking status, drinking status, education level, marital status, physical activity, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMI, the ORs for stroke in the highest quartile (Q4) of total urinary PAHs were 1.97 (95% CI 1.11-3.52, P = 0.022) as compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of total urinary PAHs. The ORs for diabetes in the Q4 of total urinary PAHs were 1.56 (95% CI 1.15-2.12, P = 0.005), while the ORs between Q4 and Q1 for stroke and diabetes concerning exposure to 2-hydroxynaphthalene were 2.23 (95% CI 1.17-4.25, P = 0.016) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.07-1.82, P = 0.015), respectively. The mediation analysis found that diabetes accounted for 5.00% of the associations between urinary PAHs and the prevalence of stroke. Urinary metabolites of PAH have been linked to stroke and diabetes. Increasing the risk of diabetes may play a significant role in mediating the association between exposure to PAHs and increased risk of stroke. Monitoring and improving glucose metabolism in individuals with high exposure to PAHs may aid in reducing the prevalence of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hongda Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lijie Mi
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fengyuan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Institute, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Du W, Wang Y, Song C, Tian Z, Liu Y, Shen W. Diabetes Mellitus Mediates the Relationship Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Gallstones: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:317-332. [PMID: 38288340 PMCID: PMC10822765 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s449562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown a correlation between diabetes mellitus and gallstone formation. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is associated with many metabolic diseases. However, insufficient evidence still exists to elucidate the association between AIP and gallstones. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between AIP and gallstones in US adults, and the secondary objective was to analyze whether diabetes plays a mediating role in the association. Patients and Methods Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2017 and March 2020, this study investigated the association between AIP and gallstone incidence in US adults. A variety of statistical methods were used to analyze the data in this study, including multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline curves (RCS), and mediation effects analysis. In addition, two-stage linear regression was used to detect possible threshold and saturation effects. Results A total of 6952 subjects were enrolled in the trial, of which 748 patients were diagnosed with gallstones. A significant positive association between AIP and gallstones was observed by fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.45 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of (1.09, 1.93). In addition, a non-linear positive association and saturation effect between AIP and gallstones were found, with an inflection point of 0.2246. Mediation analysis showed that diabetes had a mediating effect of 16.9% in the association between AIP and gallstones. Conclusion This study suggests that elevated levels of AIP are linked to an augmented vulnerability to gallstone development, with diabetes serving as a mediating factor. These findings present a novel perspective on clinical approaches to prevent and manage gallstones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Du
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
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Bi Y, Yang Y, Yuan X, Wang J, Liu Z, Tian S, Sun C. Clinical Evidence of the Relationship Between Alanine Aminotransferase and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:261-269. [PMID: 38269337 PMCID: PMC10807274 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s442165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Multiple studies have investigated the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and diabetes mellitus (DM); however, only a few studies have specifically examined the relationship between ALT and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ALT and DKD using clinical data. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 668 individuals that included non-DM (N=281), DM without DKD (N=160), and DKD (N=227) patients. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to examine the dose-response relationship between ALT and DKD risk. We also analyzed the data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2018 using the same statistical methods; 4481, 1110, and 671 individuals were included in the non-DM, DM without DKD, and DKD groups, respectively. Results The changes in ALT activity among the non-DM, DM without DKD, and DKD groups showed a similar pattern in both our clinical data and the NHANES dataset. ALT activity increases with the onset of DM, whereas ALT activity decreases when DM progresses to DKD. The GAM revealed a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between ALT and DKD risk in the two datasets, and the lowest range of ALT was 40-50 IU/L. Both lower (<40 IU/L) and higher (>50 IU/L) ALT activity were found to be positively associated with DKD risk. Conclusion A U-shaped nonlinear association between ALT and DKD was found in our clinical data and NHANES data. DKD risk was increased by both lower or higher ALT activity. To confirm the causality of nonlinear relationship, larger prospective studies or Mendelian randomization analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Bi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Health Examination Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Yuan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 136200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suyan Tian
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, People’s Republic of China
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Kaliaperumal K, Zhang L, Gao L, Xiong Q, Liang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Insight into the Inhibitory Mechanisms of Hesperidin on α-Glucosidase through Kinetics, Fluorescence Quenching, and Molecular Docking Studies. Foods 2023; 12:4142. [PMID: 38002199 PMCID: PMC10670601 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-glucosidase inhibitor is of interest to researchers due to its association with type-II diabetes treatment by suppressing postprandial hyperglycemia. Hesperidin is a major flavonoid in orange fruit with diverse biological properties. This paper evaluates the effects of hesperidin on α-glucosidase through inhibitory kinetics, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking methods for the first time. The inhibition kinetic analysis shows that hesperidin reversibly inhibited the α-glucosidase activity with an IC50 value of 18.52 μM and the inhibition was performed in an uncompetitive type. The fluorescence quenching studies indicate that the intrinsic fluorescence of α-glucosidase was quenched via a static quenching process and only one binding site was present between the hesperidin and α-glucosidase. The interaction between them was spontaneous and mainly driven by hydrogen bonds, as well as hydrophobic forces. Furthermore, the molecular docking results suggest that hesperidin might bond to the entrance or outlet part of the active site of α-glucosidase through a network of five hydrogen bonds formed between hesperidin and the four amino acid residues (Trp709, Arg422, Asn424, and Arg467) of α-glucosidase and the hydrophobic effects. These results provide new insight into the inhibitory mechanisms of hesperidin on α-glucosidase, supporting the potential application of a hesperidin-rich orange product as a hypoglycemic functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- Unit of Biomaterials Research, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Linyan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Liangliang Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qin Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yueming Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (K.K.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (Q.X.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
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Shi L, Li C, Wang J, Zhong H, Wei T, Fan W, Li Z. The intellectual base and global trends in inflammation of diabetic kidney disease: a bibliometric analysis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2270061. [PMID: 37870857 PMCID: PMC11001326 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2270061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The literature on DKD inflammation research has experienced substantial growth. However, there is a lack of bibliometric analyses. This study aimed to examine the existing research on inflammation in DKD by analyzing articles published in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) over the past 30 years. We conducted a visualization analysis using several software, including CiteSpace and VOSviewer. We found that the literature on inflammation research in DKD has experienced substantial growth, indicating a rising interest in this developing area of study. In this field, Navarro-Gonzalez, JF is the most frequently cited author, Kidney International is the most frequently cited journal, China had the highest number of publications in the field of DKD inflammation, and Monash University emerged as the institution with the most published research. The research area on inflammation in DKD primarily centers around the investigation of 'Glycation end-products', 'chronic kidney disease', and 'diabetic nephropathy'. The emerging research trends in this field will focus on the 'Gut microbiota', 'NLRP3 inflammasome', 'autophagy', 'pyroptosis', 'sglt2 inhibitor', and 'therapeutic target'. Future research on DKD may focus on further exploring the inflammatory response, identifying specific therapeutic targets, studying biomarkers, investigating stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, and exploring gene therapy and gene editing. In summary, this study examines the main areas of study, frontiers, and trends in DKD inflammation, which have significant implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuYao Shi
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - ChangYan Li
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Second People’s Hospital of Baoshan City, Baoshan, China
| | - HuaChen Zhong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - WenXing Fan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Guo M, Gao J, Jiang L, Dai Y. Astragalus Polysaccharide Ameliorates Renal Inflammatory Responses in a Diabetic Nephropathy by Suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2107-2118. [PMID: 37489175 PMCID: PMC10363349 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s411211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as a chronic inflammatory complication of diabetes, is characterized by hyperglycemia, albuminuria and edema, which ultimately becomes the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), extracted from the Astragalus membranaceus, was widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the functional roles of APS ameliorate inflammatory responses in DN, which remain poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of APS on DN in vivo and vitro models. Methods We explored the beneficial effects of APS in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN rat model and high glucose (HG)-treated glomerular podocyte model. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and ratio of kidney weight to body weight were measured after 4 weeks of APS treatment. The renal injury parameters containing serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and 24 h urinary protein were evaluated. The renal pathological examination was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 were evaluated by ELISA assay. The proliferation of podocytes was determined using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the amounts of TLR4/NF-κB-related gene expression. Results Our results indicated that APS effectively decreased the levels of FBG, BUN, Scr and renal pathological damage when compared with STZ-induced DN model group. Additionally, APS significantly ameliorated renal injury by reducing inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 expression and inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway activity in DN rats. Consistent with the results in vitro, the HG-induced inflammatory response and proliferation of glomerular podocytes were also alleviated through APS administration. Conclusion We found that APS ameliorated DN renal injury, and the mechanisms perhaps related to relieving inflammatory responses and attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Guo
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaji Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Yin B, Wu Z, Xia Y, Xiao S, Chen L, Li Y. Non-linear association of atherogenic index of plasma with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:157. [PMID: 37386500 PMCID: PMC10311747 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is numerous evidence on the epidemiological risk factors for insulin resistance (IR)-related metabolic diseases, there is still insufficient evidence to explore the non-linear association of Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) with IR. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the non-linear relationship between AIP and IR and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. A total of 9,245 participants were included in the study. The AIP was calculated as log10 (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The outcome variables included IR and T2D defined by the 2013 American Diabetes Association guidelines. The weighted multivariate linear regression, weighted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, generalized additive model, smooth fitting curve and two-part logistic regression were adopted to reveal the relationship of AIP with IR and T2D. RESULTS After adjustment for age, gender, race, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, vigorous/moderate physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and hypertension, we found that AIP was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.10), glycosylated hemoglobin (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.58), fasting serum insulin (β = 4.26, 95% CI: 3.73, 4.79), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.25). Further studies found that AIP was associated with increased risk of IR (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.26-1.32) and T2D (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.15-1.22). However, the positive association between AIP and IR or T2D was more significant in female than in male (IR: P for interaction = 0.0135; T2D: P for interaction = 0.0024). A non-linear and inverse L-shaped association was found between AIP and IR, while a J-shaped association was found between AIP and T2D. In patients with - 0.47 < AIP < 0.45, increased AIP was significantly associated with increased risk of IR and T2D. CONCLUSIONS AIP showed an inverse L-shaped association with IR and a J-shaped association with T2D, indicating that AIP should be reduced to a certain level to prevent IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zihong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yaqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Shunqiang Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Ren X, Kang N, Yu X, Li X, Tang Y, Wu J. Prevalence and association of diabetic nephropathy in newly diagnosed Chinese patients with diabetes in the Hebei province: A single-center case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32911. [PMID: 36930094 PMCID: PMC10019112 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease and has huge pressure on patients and the medical system, especially for patients with diabetic complications, for example, diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a diabetic complication associated with damage to the kidney. To improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes, it is necessary to understand the factors that are associated with diabetic nephropathy. The objective of the study was to find the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes and to develop the association between clinicopathological parameters and diabetic nephropathy. In a case-control study, demographics, anthropometric, and clinicopathological parameters of a total of 305 newly diagnosed patients with diabetes (the fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mM/L and/or glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5 mM/L) in Hebei province were included in the analysis. If the urine albumin to creatinine ratio was ≥ 30 (microalbuminuria) then patients were considered diabetic nephropathy. Among enrolled patients, 206 (68%) were males and 99 (32%) were females and they were 46 to 71 years old. Demographic variables and health-related behaviors were the same among patients with diabetes either with nephropathy (case group, n = 135) or patients without nephropathy (control group, n = 170, P > .05 for all). The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was 44%. Female to male ratio was 1:1.7 in the case group. Patients with diabetic nephropathy had higher body weight (P < .0001), waist circumference (P = .0006), and body mass index (P = .0002) than those of patients without nephropathy. Abnormal urinary globulin (P = .041, odd ratio (OR): 1.1231) was associated with diabetic nephropathy. Aspartate transaminase (P = .0651, OR: 0.8541), alkaline phosphatase (P = .0661, OR: 0.8122), hypertension (P = .0821, OR: 0.8214), and blood urea nitrogen (P = .0842, OR: 0.9411) were not significantly associated with diabetic neuropathy. However, they are near the statistical cutoff value. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in newly diagnosed diabetic patients of Hebei province is higher than those of the other provinces. Urinary globulin excretion had a weak association with the presence of nephropathy defined by urinary albumin excretion in patients with diabetes. The presence of other diabetic complications is also an essential parameter for diabetic nephropathy. Males are more susceptible to diabetic nephropathy than females if diabetic (Evidence Level: V; Technical Efficacy: Stage 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ninglin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yange Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
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