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Malanson GP, Pansing ER, Testolin R, Jiménez-Alfaro B. Simulations reveal climate and legacy effects underlying regional beta diversity in alpine vegetation. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1053017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionWhether the distribution and assembly of plant species are adapted to current climates or legacy effects poses a problem for their conservation during ongoing climate change. The alpine regions of southern and central Europe are compared to those of the western United States and Canada because they differ in their geographies and histories.MethodsIndividual-based simulation experiments disentangled the role of geography in species adaptations and legacy effects in four combinations: approximations of observed alpine geographies vs. regular lattices with the same number of regions (realistic and null representations), and virtual species with responses to either climatic or simple spatial gradients (adaptations or legacy effects). Additionally, dispersal distances were varied using five Gaussian kernels. Because the similarity of pairs of regional species pools indicated the processes of assembly at extensive spatiotemporal scales and is a measure of beta diversity, this output of the simulations was correlated to observed similarity for Europe and North America.ResultsIn North America, correlations were highest for simulations with approximated geography and location-adapted species; those in Europe had their highest correlation with the lattice pattern and climate-adapted species. Only SACEU correlations were sensitive to dispersal limitation.DiscussionThe southern and central European alpine areas are more isolated and with more distinct climates to which species are adapted. In the western United States and Canada, less isolation and more mixing of species from refugia has caused location to mask climate adaptation. Among continents, the balance of explanatory factors for the assembly of regional species pools will vary with their unique historical biogeographies, with isolation lessening disequilibria.
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Tesfamichael SG, Shiferaw YA, Phiri M. Monthly geographically weighted regression between climate and vegetation in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: clustering pattern shifts and biome-dependent accuracies. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Malanson GP, Pansing ER, Testolin R, Abdulhak S, Bergamini A, Ćušterevska R, Marcenò C, Kuzmanović N, Milanović Đ, Ruprecht E, Šibík J, Vassilev K, Willner W, Jiménez‐Alfaro B. Explanation of beta diversity in European alpine grasslands changes with scale. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- George P. Malanson
- Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Pansing
- Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Riccardo Testolin
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | | | - Ariel Bergamini
- WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Renata Ćušterevska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius Skopje North Macedonia
| | - Corrado Marcenò
- Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Brno Czechia
| | - Nevena Kuzmanović
- Faculty of Biology Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Jevremovac, University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Đorđije Milanović
- Faculty of Forestry University of Banja Luka Banja Luka Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Eszter Ruprecht
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology Babeș‐Bolyai University Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Jozef Šibík
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Wolfgang Willner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro
- Research Unit of Biodiversity Research (CSIC/UO/PA) University of Oviedo Mieres Spain
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