The Behavior-Driven Mechanism of Consumer Participation in "Carbon Neutrality": Based on the Promotion of Replacing Coal with Biomass Briquette Fuel

"replacing coal with biomass briquette fuel" can effectively reduce carbon emissions. This study takes this as an example to discuss consumers' "willingness to consume (WTC)", "willingness to spend (WTS)" and related influencing factors to find the behavior-driven mechanism of consumer participation in "carbon neutrality". Through the survey and analysis, the results show that 81.64% of the respondents support to consume Biomass Briquette Fuel (BBF) to replace coal. The annual WTS is 157.78 CNY per capita. The factors, such as the education, the relevant government policy support cognition, the level of cognition of health concepts, ecological environmental protection and resource regeneration, have a significant positive impact on the promotion in rural areas. Finally, we put forward corresponding policy recommendations. It provides a reference for motivating consumers to participate in "carbon neutrality" and promoting rural energy transformation to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality".

The Stackelberg game model of cross-border river flood control

In face of more and more prominent problems of cross-border river flood disasters, the upstream and downstream need to strengthen cross-border flood disaster management cooperation. The authors set up a Stackelberg game model in the three scenarios of separate management/compensation management/joint governance between upstream and downstream flooding than get the Nash equilibrium under various conditions. An empirical analysis is carried out by taking the cooperative governance among countries in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin (LMRB) as an example. The conclusion shows that when flood control in the upstream region has a greater impact on the downstream region, with the increase of flood control compensation, flood control in the upstream region gradually decreases, while flood control in the downstream region gradually increases. And when the compensation amount is greater than the adverse impact of failure 2.22 times, the flood control of the downstream area will exceed that of the upstream area. When the compensation amount is greater than the adverse impact of failure 0.74 times, the social welfare of the downstream areas under cooperative flood control is greater than the social welfare under the flood control alone.

Let the Farmers Embrace "Carbon Neutrality": Taking the Centralized Biogas as an Example

The promotion of rural centrally produced biogas (CPB) is an effective carbon neutrality development solution in rural areas. How to better encourage farmers to adopt such products is an important part of the sustainable development of a project. For this reason, focus is needed on the "willingness to embrace (WTE)" and "Willingness to motivate (WTM)" of rural residents for CPB projects and their influencing factors. We chose to conduct questionnaire surveys in rural areas of the Hebei and Shandong provinces of China, using the contingent valuation method (CVM). The results show that 85% of the respondents support CPB. Compared with urban gas, the subsidy demand of rural residents for CPB is 56.78%. The influencing factors of the residents' WTE are affected by the number of children in the family, whether the village cadres are installed in the family, solar water heaters installed in the family, knowledge and attitudes towards environmental protection, and the embracing of daily energy habits. The influencing factors on the residents' WTM are age, education level, ownership of arable land, knowledge of environmental protection, etc. Therefore, we propose policy recommendations. First, we must fully understand the willingness and demands of farmers, adopt a reasonable compensation response mechanism, and scientifically calculate financial inputs. The second step is to guide farmers through multi-channel publicity. Third, we aim to improve project operation efficiency, reduce operating costs, and minimize the government's financial burden on the basis of ensuring that farmers' demands are considered in a coordinated manner.