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Choi I, Han E, Wojciechowski MF, Heo T, Park J, Yang J, Gantsetseg A, Cheon K, Tamaki I, Lee J. The genetic structure and demographic history of Zabelia tyaihyonii, endemic to Korean limestone karst forests, based on genome-wide SNP markers. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10252. [PMID: 37404698 PMCID: PMC10316687 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to the global phenomenon, many plant species endemic to Korean limestone karst forests are at risk of extinction due to human intervention. Zabelia tyaihyonii is a familiar shrub, called "Hardy abelia" and "Fragrant abelia" growing in the karst forests of Korea, where it is one of the most threatened species. We investigated the genetic structure and demographic history of Z. tyaihyonii, which allow us to develop appropriate conservation and management strategies. The genetic structure was evaluated using a total of 187 samples from 14 populations, covering the entire distribution of Z. tyaihyonii in South Korea. We utilized 254 and 1753 SNP loci obtained via MIG-seq (Multiplexed ISSR Genotyping by sequencing) for structure and demographic analyses, respectively. The population demographic modeling was performed with site frequency spectrum. To gain further historical insights, we also employed ENM (Ecological Niche Modeling). We found two distinct clusters (CLI and CLII) of ancient origin (ca. 490 ka). Despite CLII experiencing a more severe bottleneck, both clusters showed similar levels of genetic diversity, indicating mutual historical gene flow. Their historical distribution range seems to have changed very little. We proposed a historical distribution scenario for Z. tyaihyonii, taking into account its intrinsic factors, and emphasized a more complex response to Quaternary climate change beyond simple allopatric speciation models. These findings provide valuable insights for conservation and management strategies for Z. tyaihyonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- In‐Su Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyHannam UniversityDaejeonKorea
| | - Eun‐Kyeong Han
- Department of Biology EducationChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | | | - Tae‐Im Heo
- Division of Baekdudaegan Biodiversity ConservationBaekdudaegan National ArboretumBonghwaKorea
| | - Jong‐Soo Park
- Division of BotanyHonam National Institute of Biological ResourcesMokpoKorea
| | - Jong‐Cheol Yang
- Division of Baekdudaegan Biodiversity ConservationBaekdudaegan National ArboretumBonghwaKorea
| | | | | | | | - Jung‐Hyun Lee
- Department of Biology EducationChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA
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Kim YR, Kim HR, Kim JY, Myeong HH, Kang JH, Kim BJ, Lee HJ. Spatio-temporal genetic structure of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) populations inhabiting national parks in South Korea: Implications for conservation and management of protected areas. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1038058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Population or habitat connectivity is a key component in maintaining species and community-level regional biodiversity as well as intraspecific genetic diversity. Ongoing human activities cause habitat destruction and fragmentation, which exacerbate the connectivity due to restricted animal movements across local habitats, eventually resulting in the loss of biodiversity. The Baekdudaegan Mountain Range (BMR) on the Korean Peninsula represents “biodiversity hotspots” and eight of the 22 Korean national parks are located within the BMR. Given the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) is the most common and ecologically important small mammals in these protected areas, the population genetic assessment of this species will allow for identifying “genetic diversity hotspots” and also “genetic barriers” that may hinder gene flow, and will therefore inform on effective conservation and management efforts for the national park habitats. We collected samples from hair, tail, or buccal swabs for 252 A. agrarius individuals in 2015 and 2019. By using mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences and nine microsatellite loci, we determined levels of genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and gene flow among eight national park populations of A. agrarius along the BMR. We found high levels of genetic diversity but the occurrences of inbreeding for all the nine samples analyzed. Our results also indicated that there was detectable temporal genetic variation between the 2015 and 2019 populations in the Jirisan National Park, which is probably due to a short-term decline in genetic diversity caused by reduced population sizes. We also found a well-admixed shared gene pool among the national park populations. However, a significant positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances was detected only in mtDNA but not microsatellites, which might be attributed to different dispersal patterns between sexes. There was a genetic barrier to animal movements around the Woraksan National Park areas. The poor habitat connectivity surrounding these areas can be improved by establishing an ecological corridor. Our findings of the presence of genetic barriers in some protected areas provide insights into the conservation and management efforts to improve the population or habitat connectivity among the national parks.
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Functional group analyses of herpetofauna in South Korea using a large dataset. Sci Data 2023; 10:15. [PMID: 36604446 PMCID: PMC9816106 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional traits are characteristics of species that affect their fitness and ecosystem, and they greatly influence ecological niches. Thus, biodiversity assessment based on functional groups rather than species per se can more realistically reflect the ecological niche space. As essential players of ecosystem functions, herpetofauna are appropriate subjects of functional trait-based analyses. In this study, using a nationwide dataset and applying trait information and ecological niche modeling, the richness within each functional group, and the taxonomic and functional diversity indices of South Korean herpetofauna were visualized to identify and compare the geographic distributions. The results revealed that the reptile community seemed more locally diverse with more overlapping randomized patterns among groups than amphibians, while amphibians showed wider distributions and a higher within-grid occurrence ratio. Functional diversity indices of reptiles also showed more randomized geographic patterns with higher levels at Jejudo Island than amphibians. The findings of this study may help to identify biodiversity hot spots and understand its ecosystem health. Increasing survey data and trait information will improve the assessment.
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Cui M, Wu Y, Javal M, Giguère I, Roux G, Andres JA, Keena M, Shi J, Wang B, Braswell E, Pfister SE, Hamelin R, Roe A, Porth I. Genome-scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). Evol Appl 2022; 15:934-953. [PMID: 35782014 PMCID: PMC9234632 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human-mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome-wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping-by-sequencing to generate 6102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB's native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large-scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Cui
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Yunke Wu
- Forest Pest Methods LaboratoryPlant Protection and Quarantine Science and TechnologyAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBuzzards BayMassachusettsUSA
| | - Marion Javal
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et ÉvolutiveUniversité MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Isabelle Giguère
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Géraldine Roux
- Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueUR633 Zoologie ForestièreOrléansFrance
- COSTUniversité d’OrléansOrléansFrance
| | - Jose A. Andres
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Melody Keena
- United States Department of AgricultureForest ServiceNorthern Research StationHamdenConnecticutUSA
| | - Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of EducationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Baode Wang
- Forest Pest Methods LaboratoryPlant Protection and Quarantine Science and TechnologyAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBuzzards BayMassachusettsUSA
| | - Evan Braswell
- Insect Management and Molecular Diagnostics LaboratoryPlant Protection and Quarantine Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureEdinburgTexasUSA
| | - Scott E. Pfister
- Forest Pest Methods LaboratoryPlant Protection and Quarantine Science and TechnologyAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureBuzzards BayMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard Hamelin
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Amanda Roe
- Canadian Forest ServiceGreat Lakes Forestry CentreNatural Resources CanadaSault Ste. MarieOntarioCanada
| | - Ilga Porth
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des SystèmesUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêtUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
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Jeon HB, Song HY, Suk HY, Bang IC. Phylogeography of the Korean endemic Coreoleuciscus (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae): the genetic evidence of colonization through Eurasian continent to the Korean Peninsula during Late Plio-Pleistocene. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:709-719. [PMID: 35438462 PMCID: PMC9120112 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Freshwater endemism is thought to have been formed through the vicariance of connected water systems or the process by which ancestral populations colonized specific areas. The Korean Peninsula is well recognized for its high level of freshwater endemism with about 40% of freshwater fish species being endemic. Objective In this study, we attempted to reconstruct the process of speciation and phylogenetic dispersal of Coreoleuciscus species, which is endemic in the Korean Peninsula. Methods We used fossil-calibrated divergence time estimation and ancestral distributional reconstruction to infer phylogeographic reconstruction of Coreoleuciscus based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidate subunit I (COI) sequences (1551 bp). Results Our phylogeographic analysis based on a total of 626 individuals revealed that the two Coreoleuciscus species have originated from the independent colonization of different lineages in the ancestral populations, probably during the Late Plio-Pleistocene. The full-scale expansion of Coreoleuciscus populations appears to have taken place after major river structures were completed on the Korean Peninsula. We also provided evidence that the common ancestors of Coreoleuciscus was distributed in Eastern Eurasian continent and subsequently dispersed into the tip of East Asia. High genetic diversity was mainly concentrated in large drainage populations, while small populations showed an monomorphism, which could give important implications for planning the conservation and management of Coreoleuciscus. Conclusions The phylogenetic background of the rheophilic Coreoleuciscus species can be explained by the colonizer hypothesis that the endemic freshwater fish originated from the common ancestor in continental region. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13258-022-01243-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Bae Jeon
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ha Youn Song
- Inland Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Suk
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - In-Chul Bang
- Department of Life Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
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Dufresnes C, Litvinchuk SN. Diversity, distribution and molecular species delimitation in frogs and toads from the Eastern Palaearctic. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodiversity analyses can greatly benefit from coherent species delimitation schemes and up-to-date distribution data. In this article, we have made the daring attempt to delimit and map described and undescribed lineages of anuran amphibians in the Eastern Palaearctic (EP) region in its broad sense. Through a literature review, we have evaluated the species status considering reproductive isolation and genetic divergence, combined with an extensive occurrence dataset (nearly 85k localities). Altogether 274 native species from 46 genera and ten families were retrieved, plus eight additional species introduced from other realms. Independent hotspots of species richness were concentrated in southern Tibet (Medog County), the circum-Sichuan Basin region, Taiwan, the Korean Peninsula and the main Japanese islands. Phylogeographic breaks responsible for recent in situ speciation events were shared around the Sichuan Mountains, across Honshu and between the Ryukyu Island groups, but not across shallow water bodies like the Yellow Sea and the Taiwan Strait. Anuran compositions suggested to restrict the zoogeographical limits of the EP to East Asia. In a rapidly evolving field, our study provides a checkpoint to appreciate patterns of species diversity in the EP under a single, spatially explicit, species delimitation framework that integrates phylogeographic data in taxonomic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology & Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Spartak N Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Biology, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
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Assessment of the Spatial Invasion Risk of Intentionally Introduced Alien Plant Species (IIAPS) under Environmental Change in South Korea. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111169. [PMID: 34827162 PMCID: PMC8614709 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the regions at risk of invasion from IIAPS is an integral horizon-scanning activity that plays a crucial role in preventing, controlling, and eradicating invasive species. Here, we quantify the spatial distribution area and invasion risk of IIAPS using a species distribution model under different levels of environmental change in South Korea. From the model predictions, the current average spatial extent of the 10 IIAPS is 33,948 km2, and the individual spatial extents are estimated to change by -7% to 150% by 2050 and by -9% to 156% by 2070. The spatial invasion risk assessment shows that, currently, moderate-to-high invasion risk is limited to coastal areas and densely populated metropolitan cities (e.g., Seoul, Busan, and Gwangju), but that the area with this level of risk is expected to spread toward the central and northern regions of the country in the future, covering 86.21% of the total area of the country by 2070. These results demonstrate that the risk of invasion by IIAPS is estimated to enlarge across the whole country under future environmental changes. The modeling system provided in this study may contribute to the initial control and strategic management of IIAPS to maintain the dynamic ecosystems of South Korea.
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Kim HW, Adhikari P, Chang MH, Seo C. Potential Distribution of Amphibians with Different Habitat Characteristics in Response to Climate Change in South Korea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082185. [PMID: 34438643 PMCID: PMC8388377 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Amphibian species are one of one of the groups most vulnerable to climate change according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Limited research has been conducted investigating the effects of climate change on amphibian species in South Korea. In our study, we aimed to predict the impacts of climate change on the distribution of 16 of the 18 species of amphibians currently reported in South Korea. Altogether, 30,281 occurrence points, six bioclimatic variables, and one environmental variable (altitude) were used in modeling. Moreover, we classified 16 Korean amphibians into three groups based on their habitat characteristics: wetland amphibians (Group 1), migrating amphibians (Group 2), and forest-dwelling amphibians (Group 3). Altitude has been predicted to be a major factor in present amphibian distributions in South Korea. In general, our results show that the seven species in Group 1 should be the most resistant to climate change. The five migrating amphibians (Group 2) should decline with preferred habitat reductions. The forest-dwelling amphibian species (Group 3) are the most vulnerable to climate change and their protection requires the immediate implementation of conservation strategies. We will continue to refine our model as it evolves into a useful tool for our endeavor to preserve South Korea’s amphibians as climate change progresses. Abstract Amphibian species are highly vulnerable to climate change with significant species decline and extinction predicted worldwide. However, there are very limited studies on amphibians in South Korea. Here, we assessed the potential impacts of climate change on different habitat groups (wetland amphibians, Group 1; migrating amphibians, Group 2; and forest-dwelling amphibians, Group 3) under future climate change and land cover change in South Korea using a maximum entropy modelling approach. Our study revealed that all amphibians would suffer substantial loss of suitable habitats in the future, except Lithobates catesbeianus, Kaloula borealis, and Karsenia koreana. Similarly, species richness for Groups 2 and 3 will decline by 2030, 2050, and 2080. Currently, amphibian species are widely distributed across the country; however, in future, suitable habitats for amphibians would be concentrated along the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range and the southeastern region. Among the three groups, Group 3 amphibians are predicted to be the most vulnerable to climate change; therefore, immediate conservation action is needed to protect them. We expect this study could provide crucial baseline information required for the government to design climate change mitigation strategies for indigenous amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Kim
- EcoBank Team, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungnam 33657, Korea;
| | - Pradeep Adhikari
- Institute of Ecological Phytochemistry, Hankyong National University, Anseong-si 17579, Korea;
| | - Min Ho Chang
- Environmental Impact Assessment Team, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungnam 33657, Korea;
| | - Changwan Seo
- Division of Ecological Assessment, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, Chungnam 33657, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-950-5432
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Jeon JY, Jung JH, Suk HY, Lee H, Min MS. The Asian plethodontid salamander preserves historical genetic imprints of recent northern expansion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9193. [PMID: 33911092 PMCID: PMC8080585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Korean Peninsula, located at the southern tip of Northeast Asia, has never been covered by ice sheets and was a temperate refugium during the Pleistocene. Karsenia koreana, the sole Asian plethodontid salamander species, occurs only on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula and is thought to have found various climatic refugia. Despite its phylogenetic and biogeographic importance, no population-level genetic analysis has been performed on this species. Here we study the population genetic structure of K. koreana using mitochondrial and microsatellite loci to understand the recent historical dispersion process that shaped its current distribution. Overall, the genetic distance between populations correlated well with the spatial distance, and the genetic structure among populations showed signs of a unilateral northward expansion from a southernmost refugium population. Given the distinct genetic structure formed among the populations, the level of historical gene flow among populations appears to have been very low. As the estimated effective population size of K. koreana was also small, these results suggest that the small, restricted populations of K. koreana are extremely vulnerable to environmental changes that may require high levels of genetic diversity to cope with. Thus, special management strategies are needed to preserve these remnant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yoon Jeon
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Research Institute for Veterinary Science and Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Ji-hwa Jung
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Ho Young Suk
- grid.413028.c0000 0001 0674 4447Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541 South Korea
| | - Hang Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Research Institute for Veterinary Science and Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Min
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Research Institute for Veterinary Science and Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
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Jung S, Cho Y. Redefining floristic zones in the Korean Peninsula using high-resolution georeferenced specimen data and self-organizing maps. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11549-11564. [PMID: 33144983 PMCID: PMC7593177 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biota to analyze the distribution pattern of biogeographic regions is essential to gain a better understanding of the ecological processes that cause biotic differentiation and biodiversity at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Recently, the collection of high-resolution biological distribution data (e.g., specimens) and advances in analytical theory have led to the quantitative analysis and more refined spatial delineation of biogeographic regions. This study was conducted to redefine floristic zones in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and to better understand the eco-evolutionary significance of the spatial distribution patterns. Based on 309,333 distribution data of 2,954 vascular plant species in the Korean Peninsula, we derived floristic zones using self-organizing maps. We compared the characteristics of the derived regions with those of historical floristic zones and ecologically important environmental factors (climate, geology, and geography). In the clustering analysis of the floristic assemblages, four distinct regions were identified, namely, the cold floristic zone (Zone I) in high-altitude regions at the center of the Korean Peninsula, cool floristic zone (Zone II) in high-altitude regions in the south of the Korean Peninsula, warm floristic zone (Zone III) in low-altitude regions in the central and southern parts of the Korean Peninsula, and maritime warm floristic zone (Zone IV) including the volcanic islands Jejudo and Ulleungdo. Totally, 1,099 taxa were common to the four floristic zones. Zone IV showed the highest abundance of specific plants (those found in only one zone), with 404 taxa. Our study improves floristic zone definitions using high-resolution regional biological distribution data. It will help better understand and re-establish regional species diversity. In addition, our study provides key data for hotspot analysis required for the conservation of plant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhie Jung
- Gwangneung Forest Conservation CenterKorea National ArboretumPocheonKorea
| | - Yong‐chan Cho
- Gwangneung Forest Conservation CenterKorea National ArboretumPocheonKorea
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Cho W, So S, Han E, Myeong H, Park J, Hwang S, Kim J, Lee J. Rear-edge, low-diversity, and haplotypic uniformity in cold-adapted Bupleurum euphorbioides interglacial refugia populations. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10449-10462. [PMID: 33072272 PMCID: PMC7548181 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high genetic diversity of rear-edge refugia populations is predicted to have resulted from species repeatedly migrating to low latitudes during glacial periods over the course of Quaternary climate change. However, several recent empirical studies of cold-tolerant plants revealed the opposite pattern. We investigated whether current habitats of the cold-adapted and range-restricted Bupleurum euphorbioides in the Baekdudaegan, South Korea, and North Korea could be interglacial refugia, and documented how their rear-edge populations differ genetically from those of typical temperate species. Phylogeographic analysis and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were used. The genetic structure was analyzed using microsatellite markers and chloroplast DNA sequences. The congener B. longiradiatum was included as a typical temperate plant species. Despite having almost identical life history traits, these congeneric species exhibited contrasting patterns of genetic diversity. ENM revealed an apparent maximum range contraction during the last interglacial. In contrast, its range expanded northward to the Russian Far East (Primorsky) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Thus, we hypothesize that B. euphorbioides retreated to its current refugia during interglacial periods. Unlike populations in the central region, the rear-edge populations were genetically impoverished and uniform, both within populations and in pooled regional populations. The rear-edge B. euphorbioides survived at least one past interglacial, contributing to the species' genetic diversity. We believe that such genetic variation in the cold-adapted B. euphorbioides gives the species the necessary adaptations to survive an upcoming favorable environment (the next glacial), unless there is artificial environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won‐Bum Cho
- Department of Biology EducationChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Soonku So
- Ecosystem Research DivisionKorea National Park Research InstituteWonjuKorea
| | - Eun‐Kyeong Han
- Department of Biological Sciences and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
| | - Hyeon‐Ho Myeong
- Ecosystem Research DivisionKorea National Park Research InstituteWonjuKorea
| | - Jong‐Soo Park
- Department of Biological SciencesInha UniversityIncheonKorea
| | | | - Joo‐Hwan Kim
- Department of Life ScienceGachon UniversitySeongnam‐siKorea
| | - Jung‐Hyun Lee
- Department of Biology EducationChonnam National UniversityGwangjuKorea
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Wang H, Yin X, Yin D, Li L, Xiao H. Population genetic structures of two ecologically distinct species Betula platyphylla and B. ermanii inferred based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11406-11419. [PMID: 31641482 PMCID: PMC6802015 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Climatic oscillations during the last glacial maximum (LGM) significantly affected the distribution patterns and genetic structure of extant plants. Northeast China (NEC) is a major biodiversity center in East Asia, and the influence of historical climate change on NEC populations is critical for understanding species responses to future climate change. However, only a few phylogeographic studies of cool temperate deciduous tree species have been conducted in the area, and results are inconsistent for species with different niches or distribution areas. We employed multiple chloroplast and nuclear markers to investigate the genetic structure of two ecologically contrasting species, Betula platyphylla and B. ermanii, in NEC. Rare haplotypes were identified in the chloroplast genome of these species, and both exhibited high levels of nucleotide diversity based on a fragment of the nuclear gene G3PDH and microsatellites. Moreover, significant phylogeographic structure was detected for B. platyphylla, suggesting that these populations had recolonized from independent glacial refuges, whereas no genetic structure was found for B. ermanii. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES The nSSR datasets used in the current study and the table of pairwise FST (below diagonal) and its standardized F'ST (above diagonal) among 25 populations based on seven SSRs are available from the Dryad (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.230d176). Sequences generated from this study were deposited in GenBank under Accession nos. KY199568-KY200162 and MK819541-MK819970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dong‐Xu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hong‐Xing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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Kołodziej‐Sobocińska M, Stojak J, Kondzior E, Ruczyńska I, Wójcik JM. Genetic diversity of two mitochondrial DNA genes inSpirometra erinaceieuropaei(Cestoda: Diphyllobothridae) from Poland. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Stojak
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Eliza Kondzior
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Iwona Ruczyńska
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
| | - Jan M. Wójcik
- Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences Białowieża Poland
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