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Arunkumar R, Zhou SO, Day JP, Bakare S, Pitton S, Zhang Y, Hsing CY, O’Boyle S, Pascual-Gil J, Clark B, Chandler RJ, Leitão AB, Jiggins FM. Natural selection has driven the recurrent loss of an immunity gene that protects Drosophila against a major natural parasite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211019120. [PMID: 37552757 PMCID: PMC10438844 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211019120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in immunity genes can have large effects on susceptibility to infection. To understand the origins of this variation, we have investigated the genetic basis of resistance to the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi in Drosophila melanogaster. We found that increased expression of the gene lectin-24A after infection by parasitic wasps was associated with a faster cellular immune response and greatly increased rates of killing the parasite. lectin-24A encodes a protein that is strongly up-regulated in the fat body after infection and localizes to the surface of the parasite egg. In certain susceptible lines, a deletion upstream of the lectin-24A has largely abolished expression. Other mutations predicted to abolish the function of this gene have arisen recurrently in this gene, with multiple loss-of-expression alleles and premature stop codons segregating in natural populations. The frequency of these alleles varies greatly geographically, and in some southern African populations, natural selection has driven them near to fixation. We conclude that natural selection has favored the repeated loss of an important component of the immune system, suggesting that in some populations, a pleiotropic cost to lectin-24A expression outweighs the benefits of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Arunkumar
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Shuyu Olivia Zhou
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Day
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sherifat Bakare
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, 388 Stag Hill, Guildford,GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Pitton
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
- Biosciences Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano, MI20133, Italy
| | - Yexin Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Chi-Yun Hsing
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sinead O’Boyle
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, DublinD04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Juan Pascual-Gil
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049Madrid, Spain
| | - Belinda Clark
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael J. Chandler
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, 388 Stag Hill, Guildford,GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre B. Leitão
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
| | - Francis M. Jiggins
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CambridgeCB2 3EH, United Kingdom
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Burny C, Nolte V, Dolezal M, Schlötterer C. Genome-wide selection signatures reveal widespread synergistic effects of two different stressors in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221857. [PMID: 36259211 PMCID: PMC9579754 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evolution combined with whole-genome sequencing (evolve and resequence (E&R)) is a powerful approach to study the adaptive architecture of selected traits. Nevertheless, so far the focus has been on the selective response triggered by a single stressor. Building on the highly parallel selection response of founder populations with reduced variation, we evaluated how the presence of a second stressor affects the genomic selection response. After 20 generations of adaptation to laboratory conditions at either 18°C or 29°C, strong genome-wide selection signatures were observed. Only 38% of the selection signatures can be attributed to laboratory adaptation (no difference between temperature regimes). The remaining selection responses are either caused by temperature-specific effects, or reflect the joint effects of temperature and laboratory adaptation (same direction, but the magnitude differs between temperatures). The allele frequency changes resulting from the combined effects of temperature and laboratory adaptation were more extreme in the hot environment for 83% of the affected genomic regions-indicating widespread synergistic effects of the two stressors. We conclude that E&R with reduced genetic variation is a powerful approach to study genome-wide fitness consequences driven by the combined effects of multiple environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Burny
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria.,Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Viola Nolte
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Plattform Bioinformatik und Biostatistik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Christian Schlötterer
- Institut für Populationsgenetik, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Perera OP, Fescemyer HW, Fleischer SJ, Abel CA. Temporal Variation in Genetic Composition of Migratory Helicoverpa Zea in Peripheral Populations. INSECTS 2020; 11:E463. [PMID: 32717838 PMCID: PMC7469216 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Migrant populations of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) captured during 2002, 2005, 2016, and 2018 from Landisville and Rock Springs in Pennsylvania, USA were genotyped using 85 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Samples (n = 702) genotyped were divided into 16 putative populations based on collection time and site. Fixation indices (F-statistics), analysis of molecular variance, and discriminant analysis of principal components were used to examine within and among population genetic variation. The observed and expected heterozygosity in putative populations ranged from 0.317-0.418 and 0.320-0.359, respectively. Broad range of FST (0.0-0.2742) and FIS (0.0-0.2330) values indicated different genotype frequencies between and within the populations, respectively. High genetic diversity within and low genetic differentiation between populations was found in 2002 and 2005. Interestingly, high genetic differentiation between populations from two collection sites observed in 2018 populations was not evident in within-site comparisons of putative populations collected on different dates during the season. The shift of H. zea population genetic makeup in 2018 may be influenced by multiple biotic and abiotic factors including tropical storms. Continued assessment of these peripheral populations of H. zea will be needed to assess the impacts of genetic changes on pest control and resistance management tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard W. Fescemyer
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Shelby J. Fleischer
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Craig A. Abel
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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