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Cheng Z, Li J, Xu C, Zhang L, Gong Q, Long C. Coptisaustrogaoligongensis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from West Yunnan, China. PHYTOKEYS 2024; 244:225-235. [PMID: 39070103 PMCID: PMC11283624 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.244.127978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Based on morphological and plastid data, we have described and confirmed that Coptisaustrogaoligongensis distributed in Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, is a new species of Coptis. It is distinctly different from C.teetasubsp.teeta and C.teetasubsp.lohitensis with differences mainly reflected in the following features: former leaf segment lobes contiguous to each other, and lateral segments equal to central one; plants without developed stolons; inflorescences with only 1-3 flowers; petals have short claws. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that C.austrogaoligongensis is a sister to C.teetasubsp.teeta and C.teetasubsp.lohitensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, ChinaMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Jiahua Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, ChinaGaoligongshan National Nature ReserveYunnanChina
| | - Congli Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, ChinaGaoligongshan National Nature ReserveYunnanChina
| | - Lixiang Zhang
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve (Longyang Sub-bureau), Yunnan, 678000, ChinaYunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve Management and Protection BureauYunnanChina
| | - Qiangbang Gong
- Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve (Longyang Sub-bureau), Yunnan, 678000, ChinaYunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve Management and Protection BureauYunnanChina
| | - Chunlin Long
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, Beijing, 100081, ChinaMinzu University of ChinaBeijingChina
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Chi Y, Liu C, Liu W, Tian X, Hu J, Wang B, Liu D, Liu Y. Population genetic variation and geographic distribution of suitable areas of Coptis species in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1341996. [PMID: 38567137 PMCID: PMC10985201 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The rhizomes of Coptis plants have been used in traditional Chinese medicine over 2000 years. Due to increasing market demand, the overexploitation of wild populations, habitat degradation and indiscriminate artificial cultivation of Coptis species have severely damaged the native germplasms of species in China. Methods Genome-wide simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed using the genomic data of C. chinensis. Population genetic diversity and structure of 345 Coptis accessions collected from 32 different populations were performed based on these SSRs. The distribution of suitable areas for three taxa in China was predicted and the effects of environmental variables on genetic diversity in relation to different population distributions were further analyzed. Results 22 primer pairs were selected as clear, stable, and polymorphic SSR markers. These had an average of 16.41 alleles and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.664. In the neighbor-joining (N-J) clustering analysis, the 345 individuals clustered into three groups, with C. chinensis, C. chinensis var. brevisepala and C. teeta being clearly separated. All C. chinensis accessions were further divided into four subgroups in the population structure analysis. The predicted distributions of suitable areas and the environmental variables shaping these distributions varied considerably among the three species. Discussion Overall, the amount of solar radiation, precipitation and altitude were the most important environmental variables influencing the distribution and genetic variation of three species. The findings will provide key information to guide the conservation of genetic resources and construction of a core reserve for species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Changli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufang Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Liu C, Wang J, Ko YZ, Shiao MS, Wang Y, Sun J, Yuan Q, Wang L, Chiang YC, Guo L. Genetic diversities in wild and cultivated populations of the two closely-related medical plants species, Tripterygium Wilfordii and T. Hypoglaucum (Celastraceae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:195. [PMID: 38493110 PMCID: PMC10944624 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sustainable supply of medicinal plants is important, and cultivating and domesticating them has been suggested as an optimal strategy. However, this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, but its wild populations are dwindling due to excessive harvesting. To protect the species and meet the increasing demand, it is urgent to cultivate it on a large scale. However, distinguishing between T. wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum, two similar species with different medicinal properties, is challenging. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of these species for their sustainable utilization. RESULTS In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of the two traditional medicinal semiwoody vines plant species, Tripterygium wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum, including wild and cultivated populations using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences and microsatellite loci. Our results indicated that the two species maintain a high level of genetic divergence, indicating possible genetic bases for the different contents of bioactive compounds of the two species. T. wilfordii showed lower genetic diversity and less subdivided population structures of both markers than T. hypoglaucum. The potential factors in shaping these interesting differences might be differentiated pollen-to-seed migration rates, interbreeding, and history of population divergence. Analyses of cpDNA and microsatellite loci supported that the two species are genetically distinct entities. In addition, a significant reduction of genetic diversity was observed for cultivated populations of the two species, which mainly resulted from the small initial population size and propagated vegetative practice during their cultivation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate significant genetic divergence between T. wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum. The genetic diversity and population structure analyses provide important insights into the sustainable cultivation and utilization of these medicinal plants. Accurate identification and conservation efforts are necessary for both species to ensure the safety and effectiveness of crude drug use. Our study also highlighted the importance of combined analyses of different DNA markers in addressing population genetics of medicinal plants because of the contrasts of inheritance and rates of gene flow. Large-scale cultivation programs should consider preserving genetic diversity to enhance the long-term sustainability of T. wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum. Our study proposed that some populations showed higher genetic diversity and distinctness, which can be considered with priority for conservation and as the sources for future breeding and genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya-Zhu Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shin Shiao
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qingjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lisong Wang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332900, China.
| | - Yu-Chung Chiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
- The Multidisciplinary and Data Science Research Center(MDSRC), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Liu Z, Ma Y, Lv X, Li N, Li X, Xing J, Li C, Hu B. Abiotic factors and endophytes co-regulate flavone and terpenoid glycoside metabolism in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2671-2688. [PMID: 36864204 PMCID: PMC10033487 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, endorhizospheric microbiota is realized to be able to promote the secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, but the detailed metabolic regulation metabolisms and whether the promotion is influenced by environmental factors are unclear yet. Here, the major flavonoids and endophytic bacterial communities in various Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. roots collected from seven distinct places in northwest China, as well as the edaphic conditions, were characterized and analyzed. It was found that the soil moisture and temperature might modulate the secondary metabolism in G. uralensis roots partially through some endophytes. One rationally isolated endophyte Rhizobium rhizolycopersici GUH21 was proved to promote the accumulation of isoliquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid significantly in roots of the potted G. uralensis under the relatively high-level watering and low temperature. Furthermore, we did the comparative transcriptome analysis of G. uralensis seedling roots in different treatments to investigate the detailed mechanisms of the environment-endophyte-plant interactions and found that the low temperature went hand in hand with the high-level watering to activate the aglycone biosynthesis in G. uralensis, while GUH21 and the high-level watering cooperatively promoted the in planta glucosyl unit production. Our study is of significance for the development of methods to rationally promote the medicinal plant quality. KEY POINTS: • Soil temperature and moisture related to isoliquiritin contents in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. • Soil temperature and moisture related to the hosts' endophytic bacterial community structures. • The causal relation among abiotic factors-endophytes-host was proved through the pot experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidi Liu
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyang Ma
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Lv
- Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Li
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102401, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102401, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, Beijing, 102401, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Sun J, Qiao P, Wang J, Wang M, Du Y, Xiong F, Luo J, Yuan Q, Dong W, Huang L, Guo L. Evolutionary history of genus Coptis and its dynamic changes in the potential suitable distribution area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003368. [PMID: 36507390 PMCID: PMC9727247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The genus Coptis belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, containing 15 recognized species highly diverse in morphology. It is a conspicuous taxon with special evolutionary position, distribution pattern and medicinal value, which makes it to be of great research and conservation significance. In order to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of Coptis and promote more practical conservation measures, we performed plastome sequencing and used the sequencing data in combination with worldwide occurrence data of Coptis to estimate genetic diversity and divergence times, rebuild biogeographic history and predict its potential suitable distribution area. The average nucleotide diversity of Coptis was 0.0067 and the hotspot regions with the highest hypermutation levels were located in the ycf1 gene. Coptis is most likely to have originated in North America and Japanese archipelago and has a typical Eastern Asian and North American disjunct distribution pattern, while the species diversity center is located in Mid-West China and Japan. The crown age of the genus is estimated at around 8.49 Mya. The most suitable climatic conditions for Coptis were as follows: precipitation of driest quarter > 25.5 mm, annual precipitation > 844.9 mm and annual mean temperature -3.1 to 19 °C. The global and China suitable area shows an upward trend in the future when emission of greenhouse gases is well controlled, but the area, especially in China, decreases significantly without greenhouse gas policy interventions. The results of this study provide a comprehensive insight into the Coptis evolutionary dynamics and will facilitate future conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxi Du
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Kunming Xishan Forestry and Grassland Comprehensive Service Center, Kunming, China
| | - Qingjun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Sun J, Zhao Z, Xu C, Qiao P, Wang S, Wang M, Xu Z, Yuan Q, Guo L, Huang L. Multiplexed Massively Parallel Sequencing of Plastomes Provides Insights Into the Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Phylogeography of Wild and Cultivated Coptis chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:923600. [PMID: 35873994 PMCID: PMC9302112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.923600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Root rot has been a major problem for cultivated populations of Coptis chinensis var. chinensis in recent years. C. chinensis var. brevisepala, the closest wild relative of C. chinensis var. chinensis, has a scattered distribution across southwestern China and is an important wild resource. Genetic diversity is associated with greater evolutionary potential and resilience of species or populations and is important for the breeding and conservation of species. Here, we conducted multiplexed massively parallel sequencing of the plastomes of 227 accessions of wild and cultivated C. chinensis using 111 marker pairs to study patterns of genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography among wild and cultivated C. chinensis populations. Wild and cultivated resources diverged approximately 2.83 Mya. The cultivated resources experienced a severe genetic bottleneck and possess highly mixed germplasm. However, high genetic diversity has been retained in the wild resources, and subpopulations in different locations differed in genotype composition. The significant divergence in the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated resources indicates that they require different conservation strategies. Wild resources require in situ conservation strategies aiming to expand population sizes while maintaining levels of genetic diversity; by contrast, germplasm resource nurseries with genotypes of cultivated resources and planned distribution measures are needed for the conservation of cultivated resources to prevent cultivated populations from undergoing severe genetic bottlenecks. The results of this study provide comprehensive insights into the genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography of C. chinensis and will facilitate future breeding and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zegang Xu
- Lichuan Jianzhuxi Huanglian Cooperative, Lichuan, China
| | - Qingjun Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jian H, Zhao L, Zhang H, Ma C, Wang Q, Yan H, Qiu X, Zhou N, Zhang T. Phylogeography and Population Genetics of Rosa chinensis var. s pontanea and R. lucidissima Complex, the Important Ancestor of Modern Roses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:851396. [PMID: 35668800 PMCID: PMC9163990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.851396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rosa chinensis var. spontanea and R. lucidissima complex are the morphologically very similar key ancestors of modern roses with high importance in rose research and breeding. Although widely distributed in subtropical central and southwestern China, these two taxa are highly endangered. We sampled a total of 221 specimens and 330 DNA samples from 25 populations across the two taxa's whole range. Leaf morphological traits were compared. Two chloroplast DNA intergenic spacers (trnG-trnS, petL-psbE) and ITS were used for population genetics and phylogenetic study to delimit the boundary between the two taxa, assess the genetic variation, uncover the possible evolutionary mechanism responsible for the differentiation within the complex, and make the conservation recommendations. The complex exhibited high levels of genetic variation (h TcpDNA = 0.768, h TITS = 0.726) and high population differentiation even over small geographic distance. We suggest R. chinensis var. spontanea and R. lucidissma be treated as independent taxa, and the northern populations around and within the Sichuan Basin being R. chinensis var. spontanea, having broader leaflets and paler full-blooming flowers, while those in the middle and southern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the adjacent regions being R. lucidissma, having narrower leaflets and darker full-blooming flowers. Transitional areas between the southeastern Sichuan Basin and northeastern Guizhou are the contact or the hybridization zone of the two taxa. Ancestral haplotypes of the complex (R. lucidissma) evolved at about 1.21-0.86 Mya in southeastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and its adjacent regions and survived there during the Quaternary Oscillation. Ancestral haplotypes of R. chinensis var. spontanea deviated from R. lucidissma at about 0.022-0.031 Mya at the transitional areas (Daloushan and Wulingshan Mountains) between the northeastern edge of Yunnan-Guizhou Plaeteau and the southeastern border of Sichuan Basin, where they survived the LGM. The evolution of the complex included spatial isolation and inter-species hybridization. The complex's endangered status might be the result of over-exploitation for its ornamental and medical value, or due to reforestation of some originally open habitats. We provide specific recommendations for the two taxa's in situ and ex situ conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Jian
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Changle Ma
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qigang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huijun Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xianqin Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture/Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Li M, Hou L, Liu J, Yang J, Zuo Y, Zhao L, He X. Growth-promoting effects of dark septate endophytes on the non-mycorrhizal plant Isatis indigotica under different water conditions. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Sun J, Wang Y, Garran TA, Qiao P, Wang M, Yuan Q, Guo L, Huang L. Heterogeneous Genetic Diversity Estimation of a Promising Domestication Medicinal Motherwort Leonurus Cardiaca Based on Chloroplast Genome Resources. Front Genet 2021; 12:721022. [PMID: 34603384 PMCID: PMC8479170 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leonurus cardiaca has a long history of use in western herbal medicine and is applied for the treatment of gynaecological conditions, anxiety, and heart diseases. Because of its botanical relationship to the primary Chinese species, L. japonicus, and extensive medical indications that go beyond the traditional indications for the Chinese species, it is a promising medicinal resource. Therefore, the features of genetic diversity and variability in the species have been prioritized. To explore these issues, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 22 accessions of L. cardiaca from different geographical locations worldwide using high-throughput sequencing. The results indicate that L. cardiaca has a typical quadripartite structure and range from 1,51,236 bp to 1,51,831 bp in size, forming eight haplotypes. The genomes all contain 114 distinct genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes and four ribosomal RNA genes. Comparative analysis showed abundant diversity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), indels, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 22 accessions. Codon usage showed highly similar results for L. cardiaca species. The phylogenetic and network analysis indicated 22 accessions forming four clades that were partly related to the geographical distribution. In summary, our study highlights the advantage of chloroplast genome with large data sets in intraspecific diversity evaluation and provides a new tool to facilitate medicinal plant conservation and domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Avery Garran
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Academician workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjun Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhou X, Zhang ZC, Huang YB, Xiao HW, Wu JJ, Qi ZC, Wei YK. Conservation Genomics of Wild Red Sage ( Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Its Endangered Relatives in China: Population Structure and Interspecific Relationships Revealed From 2b-RAD Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:688323. [PMID: 34046061 PMCID: PMC8144715 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a widely used medicinal plant for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because of excessive excavation by huge market demand and habitat loss by human activities, the wild population resources of S. miltiorrhiza have reduced drastically in recent years. Meanwhile, population status of two closely related species S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza were in a trend of decreasing due to their potential replacement of S. miltiorrhiza. Particularly, S. paramiltiorrhiza was threatened and endemic to a small region in eastern China. However, to date there has been no conservation genetic research reported for wild S. miltiorrhiza population and its endangered relatives. Assess the wild germplasm diversity for S. miltiorrhiza and its related species would provide fundamental genetic background for cultivation and molecular breeding of this medicinally important species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and intra/inter-specific differentiation of S. miltiorrhiza and above two relatives using 2b-RAD genome-wide genotyping method. By investigating 81 individuals of S. miltiorrhiza, 55 individuals of S. bowleyana and 15 individuals of S. paramiltiorrhiza from 23 locations in China, we obtained 23,928 SNPs in total. A comparatively high genetic diversity was observed in S. miltiorrhiza (π = 0.0788, H e = 0.0783 ± 0.0007). The observed and expected heterozygosity in populations of these three species ranged from 0.0297 to 0.1481 and 0.0251 to 0.831, respectively. Two major lineage groups were detected in the examined S. miltiorrhiza populations. The results indicated that Dabie Mountain as a genetic diversity center of S. miltiorrhiza and possible complex inter-specific genetic exchange/hybridization occurred between S. miltiorrhiza and the two relatives. We suggest that strategic conservation and germplasm preservation should be considered not only for wild populations of S. miltiorrhiza, but also for its related S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Wen Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Qi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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