Oral Phenotype of Singleton-Merten Syndrome: A Systematic Review Illustrated With a Case Report

Emerging concepts and treatments in autoinflammatory interferonopathies and monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus

Over the past two decades, the number of genetically defined autoinflammatory interferonopathies has steadily increased. Aicardi-Goutières syndrome and proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS, also known as CANDLE) are caused by genetic defects that impair homeostatic intracellular nucleic acid and protein processing respectively. Research into these genetic defects revealed intracellular sensors that activate type I interferon production. In SAVI and COPA syndrome, genetic defects that cause chronic activation of the dinucleotide sensor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) share features of lung inflammation and fibrosis; and selected mutations that amplify interferon-α/β receptor signalling cause central nervous system manifestations resembling Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Research into the monogenic causes of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrates the pathogenic role of autoantibodies to particle-bound extracellular nucleic acids that distinguishes monogenic SLE from the autoinflammatory interferonopathies. This Review introduces a classification for autoinflammatory interferonopathies and discusses the divergent and shared pathomechanisms of interferon production and signalling in these diseases. Early success with drugs that block type I interferon signalling, new insights into the roles of cytoplasmic DNA or RNA sensors, pathways in type I interferon production and organ-specific pathology of the autoinflammatory interferonopathies and monogenic SLE, reveal novel drug targets that could personalize treatment approaches.

Root resorptions induced by genetic disorders: A systematic review

OBJECTIVES

Root resorption in permanent teeth is a common pathological process that often follows dental trauma or orthodontic treatment. More rarely, root resorption is a feature of genetic disorders and can help with diagnosis. Thus, the present review aims to determine which genetic disorders could induce pathological root resorptions and thus which mutated genes could be associated with them.

METHODS

We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles describing root resorptions in patients with genetic disorders were included from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We synthesized the genetic disorder, the type, severity, and extent of the resorptions, as well as the other systemic and oral symptoms and histological features.

RESULTS

The synthetic analysis included 25 studies among 937 identified records. We analyzed 21 case reports, three case series, and one cohort study. Overall, we highlighted 14 different pathologies with described root resorptions. Depending on the pathology, the sites of resorption, their extent, and their severity showed differences.

CONCLUSION

With 14 genetic pathologies suspected to induce root resorptions, our findings are significant and enrich a previous classification. Among them, three metabolic disorders, three calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders, and osteolysis disorders were identified.