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Basavalingappa RH, Massilamany C, Krishnan B, Gangaplara A, Rajasekaran RA, Afzal MZ, Riethoven JJ, Strande JL, Steffen D, Reddy J. β1-Adrenergic Receptor Contains Multiple IA k and IE k Binding Epitopes That Induce T Cell Responses with Varying Degrees of Autoimmune Myocarditis in A/J Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1567. [PMID: 29209317 PMCID: PMC5701947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients can develop autoantibodies to various cardiac antigens and one major antigen is β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR). Previous reports indicate that animals immunized with a β1AR fragment encompassing, 197–222 amino acids for a prolonged period can develop DCM by producing autoantibodies, but existence of T cell epitopes, if any, were unknown. Using A/J mice that are highly susceptible to lymphocytic myocarditis, we have identified β1AR 171–190, β1AR 181–200, and β1AR 211–230 as the major T cell epitopes that bind major histocompatibility complex class II/IAk or IEk alleles, and by creating IAk and IEk dextramers, we demonstrate that the CD4 T cell responses to be antigen-specific. Of note, all the three epitopes were found also to stimulate CD8 T cells suggesting that they can act as common epitopes for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. While, all epitopes induced only mild myocarditis, the disease-incidence was enhanced in animals immunized with all the three peptides together as a cocktail. Although, antigen-sensitized T cells produced mainly interleukin-17A, their transfer into naive animals yielded no disease. But, steering for T helper 1 response led the T cells reacting to one epitope, β1AR 181–200 to induce severe myocarditis in naive mice. Finally, we demonstrate that all three β1AR epitopes to be unique for T cells as none of them induced antibody responses. Conversely, animals immunized with a non-T cell activator, β1AR 201–220, an equivalent of β1AR 197–222, had antibodies comprising of all IgG isotypes and IgM except, IgA and IgE. Thus, identification of T cell and B cell epitopes of β1AR may be helpful to determine β1AR-reactive autoimmune responses in various experimental settings in A/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Bharathi Krishnan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Rajkumar A Rajasekaran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Muhammad Z Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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2
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Lucca LE, Axisa PP, Aloulou M, Perals C, Ramadan A, Rufas P, Kyewski B, Derbinski J, Fazilleau N, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces incomplete tolerance of CD4(+) T cells specific for both a myelin and a neuronal self-antigen in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2247-59. [PMID: 27334749 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-cell polyspecificity, predicting that individual T cells recognize a continuum of related ligands, implies that multiple antigens can tolerize T cells specific for a given self-antigen. We previously showed in C57BL/6 mice that part of the CD4(+) T-cell repertoire specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 also recognizes the neuronal antigen neurofilament medium (NF-M) 15-35. Such bi-specific CD4(+) T cells are frequent and produce inflammatory cytokines after stimulation. Since T cells recognizing two self-antigens would be expected to be tolerized more efficiently, this finding prompted us to study how polyspecificity impacts tolerance. We found that similar to MOG, NF-M is expressed in the thymus by medullary thymic epithelial cells, a tolerogenic population. Nevertheless, the frequency, phenotype, and capacity to transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) of MOG35-55 -reactive CD4(+) T cells were increased in MOG-deficient but not in NF-M-deficient mice. We found that presentation of NF-M15-35 by I-A(b) on dendritic cells is of short duration, suggesting unstable MHC class II binding. Consistently, introducing an MHC-anchoring residue into NF-M15-35 (NF-M15-35 T20Y) increased its immunogenicity, activating a repertoire able to induce EAE. Our results show that in C57BL/6 mice bi-specific encephalitogenic T cells manage to escape tolerization due to inefficient exposure to two self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Perals
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Rufas
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Derbinski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France. .,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France. .,CHU Toulouse, Département d'Immunologie, Toulouse, France.
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3
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Ortega SB, Kashi VP, Cunnusamy K, Franco J, Karandikar NJ. Autoregulatory CD8 T cells depend on cognate antigen recognition and CD4/CD8 myelin determinants. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2015; 2:e170. [PMID: 26587555 PMCID: PMC4635551 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the antigenic determinants and specific molecular requirements for the generation of autoregulatory neuroantigen-specific CD8+ T cells in models of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We have previously shown that MOG35-55-specific CD8+ T cells suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the C57BL/6 model. In this study, we utilized multiple models of EAE to assess the ability to generate autoregulatory CD8+ T cells. Results: We demonstrate that alternative myelin peptides (PLP178-191) and other susceptible mouse strains (SJL) generated myelin-specific CD8+ T cells, which were fully capable of suppressing disease. The disease-ameliorating function of these cells was dependent on the specific cognate myelin antigen. Generation of these autoregulatory CD8+ T cells was not affected by thymic selection, but was dependent on the presence of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell epitopes in the immunizing encephalitogenic antigen. Conclusions: These studies show that the generation of autoregulatory CD8+ T cells is a more generalized, antigen-specific phenomenon across multiple neuroantigens and mouse strains, with significant implications in understanding disease regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling B Ortega
- Departments of Pathology (S.B.O., V.P.K., K.C., J.F., N.J.K.) and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (S.B.O., N.J.K.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and the Department of Pathology (N.J.K.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Venkatesh P Kashi
- Departments of Pathology (S.B.O., V.P.K., K.C., J.F., N.J.K.) and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (S.B.O., N.J.K.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and the Department of Pathology (N.J.K.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Khrishen Cunnusamy
- Departments of Pathology (S.B.O., V.P.K., K.C., J.F., N.J.K.) and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (S.B.O., N.J.K.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and the Department of Pathology (N.J.K.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Jorge Franco
- Departments of Pathology (S.B.O., V.P.K., K.C., J.F., N.J.K.) and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (S.B.O., N.J.K.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and the Department of Pathology (N.J.K.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Nitin J Karandikar
- Departments of Pathology (S.B.O., V.P.K., K.C., J.F., N.J.K.) and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics (S.B.O., N.J.K.), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and the Department of Pathology (N.J.K.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
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Mony JT, Khorooshi R, Owens T. MOG extracellular domain (p1-125) triggers elevated frequency of CXCR3+ CD4+ Th1 cells in the CNS of mice and induces greater incidence of severe EAE. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1312-21. [PMID: 24552747 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514524086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin-specific T cells are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) and drive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE is commonly induced with short peptides, whereas in MS, whole myelin proteins are available for immune response. We asked whether immunization with the immunoglobulin-like domain of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG(Igd), residues 1-125) might induce distinct CD4+ T-cell response and/or a stronger CD8+ T-cell response, compared to the 21 amino acid immunodominant MHC II-associating peptide (p35-55). OBJECTIVES Compare both EAE and T-cell responses in C57BL/6 mice immunized with MOG(Igd) and MOG p35-55. METHODS Cytokine production, and chemokine receptor expression by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the mouse central nervous system (CNS), were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS MOG(Igd) triggered progression to more severe EAE than MOG p35-55, despite similar time of onset and overall incidence. EAE in MOG(Igd)-immunized mice was characterized by an increased percentage of CXCR3+ interferon-γ-producing CD4+ T cells in CNS. The CD8+ T-cell response to both immunogens was similar. CONCLUSIONS Increased incidence of severe disease following MOG(Igd) immunization, accompanied by an increased percentage of CD4+ T cells in the CNS expressing CXCR3 and producing interferon-γ, identifies a pathogenic role for interferon-γ that is not seen when disease is induced with a single Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II-associating epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi T Mony
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reza Khorooshi
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trevor Owens
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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McPherson RC, Anderton SM. Adaptive immune responses in CNS autoimmune disease: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 8:774-90. [PMID: 23568718 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The processes underlying autoimmune CNS inflammation are complex, but key roles for autoimmune lymphocytes seem inevitable, based on clinical investigations in multiple sclerosis (MS) and related diseases such as neuromyelitis optica, together with the known pathogenic activity of T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. Despite intense investigation, the details of etiopathology in these diseases have been elusive. Here we describe recent advances in the rodent models that begin to allow a map of pathogenic and protective immunity to be drawn. This map might illuminate previous successful and unsuccessful therapeutic strategies targeting particular pathways, whilst also providing better opportunities for the future, leading to tailored intervention based on understanding the quality of each individual's autoimmune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoanne C McPherson
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Saxena A, Martin-Blondel G, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Role of CD8 T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3758-63. [PMID: 21910991 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system leading to demyelination and axonal/neuronal loss. Cumulating evidence points to a key role for CD8 T cells in this disabling disease. Oligoclonal CD8 T cells reside in demyelinating plaques where they are likely to contribute to tissue destruction. Histopathological analyses and compelling observations from animal models indicate that cytotoxic CD8 T cells target neural cell populations with the potential of causing lesions reminiscent of MS. However, CD8 T cell differentiation results in several subsets of effector CD8 T cells that could be differentially implicated in the mechanisms contributing to tissue damage. Moreover CD8 regulatory T cells arise as important populations involved in restoring immune homoeostasis and in maintaining immune privileged sites. Here we examine the current literature pertaining to the role of CD8 effector and regulatory T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saxena
- INSERM U1043-CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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