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Chen Y, Gong Y, Zou J, Li G, Zhang F, Yang Y, Liang Y, Dai W, He L, Lu H. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals transcript enrichment in oxidative phosphorylation, fluid sheer stress, and inflammatory pathways in obesity-related glomerulopathy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101101. [PMID: 38560497 PMCID: PMC10978546 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and even progression to end-stage renal disease. Efforts have been undertaken to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of ORG and substantial advances have been made in the treatment of ORG, but relatively little is known about cell-specific changes in gene expression. To define the transcriptomic landscape at single-cell resolution, we analyzed kidney samples from four patients with ORG and three obese control subjects without kidney disease using single-cell RNA sequencing. We report for the first time that immune cells, including T cells and B cells, are decreased in ORG patients. Further analysis indicated that SPP1 was significantly up-regulated in T cells and B cells. This gene is related to inflammation and cell proliferation. Analysis of differential gene expression in glomerular cells (endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes) showed that these cell types were mainly enriched in genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, cell adhesion, thermogenesis, and inflammatory pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling, MAPK signaling). Furthermore, we found that the podocytes of ORG patients were enriched in genes related to the fluid shear stress pathway. Moreover, an evaluation of cell-cell communications revealed that there were interactions between glomerular parietal epithelial cells and other cells in ORG patients, with major interactions between parietal epithelial cells and podocytes. Altogether, our identification of molecular events, cell types, and differentially expressed genes may facilitate the development of new preventive or therapeutic approaches for ORG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yushun Gong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Jia Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yiya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yumei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wenni Dai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hengcheng Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Liu W, Yuan L, Che M, Hou S, Meng F, Xu D, Nan Y. Exploring the mechanism of Dahuang-Tusizi drug pair in the treatment of diabetes nephropathy based on network pharmacology and immune infiltration analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36196. [PMID: 38013385 PMCID: PMC10681581 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the key targets and molecular mechanisms of Dahuang-Tusizi drug pair (DTDP) in the treatment of diabetes nephropathy (DN) based on the GEO database by using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and immune infiltration. The active components of the DTDP were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database and the Swiss Target Prediction database. The differential genes of DN were retrieved from GEO databases. Next, the intersecting targets of drug and disease were imported into the String database for protein-protein interactions network analysis, and the core targets were identified through topological analysis. Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed with the help of the Metascape database and gene set enrichment analysis database. Subsequently, molecular docking was performed to verify the binding activity of the key component and the key target. The Nephroseq V5 database was used to verify the clinical relevance of DN and core genes. Finally, the Using CIBERSORT Algorithm to analyze the immune Infiltration of DN Gene Chip. The network analysis showed that 25 active ingredients of DTDP were associated with 22 targets in DN. The key active ingredients (Sesamin, quercetin, EUPATIN, matrine, beta-sitosterol, isorhamnetin, etc.) and the core targets (JUN, EGF, CD44, FOS, KDR, CCL2, PTGS2, and MMP2) were further identified. Enrichment analysis revealed signaling pathways including TNF, MAPK, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that there was a strong affinity between the key components and core targets. The results of immune infiltration found that the proportion of macrophages in DN tissues was significantly increased. Our findings demonstrated that the characteristics of DTDP in treating DN are "multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways." We predicted that DTDP may inhibit inflammation related pathways by regulating key genes, reducing macrophage infiltration. Thus, inhibiting inflammatory response to reduce glomerular damage and delay the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mengying Che
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shaozhang Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Duojie Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi Nan
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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3
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Liu P, Chen Y, Xiao J, Zhu W, Yan X, Chen M. Protective effect of natural products in the metabolic-associated kidney diseases via regulating mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1093397. [PMID: 36712696 PMCID: PMC9877617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1093397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex group of metabolic disorders syndrome with hypertension, hyperuricemia and disorders of glucose or lipid metabolism. As an important organ involved in metabolism, the kidney is inevitably attacked by various metabolic disorders, leading to abnormalities in kidney structure and function. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is actively involved in the development of metabolic-associated kidney diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of metabolic-associated kidney diseases. Many natural products have been widely used to improve the treatment of metabolic-associated kidney diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this paper, by searching several authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and Springer Link. We summarize the Natural Products Protect Against Metabolic-Associated Kidney Diseases by Regulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction. In this review, we sought to provide an overview of the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impaired metabolic-associated kidney diseases, with particular attention to the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy, gouty nephropathy, hypertensive kidney disease, and obesity-related nephropathy, and then the protective role of natural products in the kidney through inhibition of mitochondrial disorders, thus providing a systematic understanding of the targets of mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic-associated kidney diseases, and finally a review of promising therapeutic targets and herbal candidates for metabolic-associated kidney diseases through inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Yan
- Department of Medicine, Digestive Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
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4
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Ding N, Li PL, Wu KL, Lv TG, Yu WL, Hao J. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels are associated with disease activity and possible complications in membranous nephropathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18558. [PMID: 36329091 PMCID: PMC9633699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complementary components in the epithelium of the glomerular capillary wall. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory mediator released by macrophages. MIF plays a key regulatory function in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. This study aimed to investigate whether MIF level could be associated with the activity of MN. Plasma and urine samples from 57 MN patients and 20 healthy controls were collected. The MIF levels in plasma and urine were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The expression of MIF in the renal specimens from 5 MN patients was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The associations of the plasma and urinary levels of MIF and glomerular MIF expression with clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. It was revealed that with the increase of MIF levels in plasma and urine, the severity of renal pathological injury in MN patients gradually increased. Correlation analysis showed that the MIF levels in plasma were positively correlated with the platelet (PLT) count (r = 0.302, P = 0.022), and inversely correlated with the prothrombin time (PT) (r = - 0.292, P = 0.028) in MN patients. The MIF levels in plasma were positively correlated with the C-reactive protein (CRP) level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = 0.651, P < 0.0001; r = 0.669, P < 0.0001) in MN patients. The urinary levels of MIF were positively correlated with ESR (r = 0.562, P < 0.0001). IHC suggested that MIF was expressed in glomerular basement membrane and tubulointerstitial areas. MIF levels in plasma and urine could reflect the severity of MN, and MIF levels in plasma and urine could be associated with venous thrombosis and infectious complications in MN patients. The glomerular MIF expression could be used to indicate the activity of MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ding
- grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010059 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Peng-Lei Li
- grid.413375.70000 0004 1757 7666Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Kai-Li Wu
- grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010059 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Tie-Gang Lv
- grid.413375.70000 0004 1757 7666Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Wen-Lu Yu
- grid.413375.70000 0004 1757 7666Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050 Inner Mongolia China ,grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010059 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Jian Hao
- grid.413375.70000 0004 1757 7666Renal Division, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050 Inner Mongolia China ,grid.410612.00000 0004 0604 6392Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010059 Inner Mongolia China
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5
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Du Y, Hao H, Ma H, Liu H. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute kidneyinjury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:945827. [PMID: 36117692 PMCID: PMC9478040 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.945827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple etiologies and pathogenesis, which lacks early biomarkers and targeted therapy. Recently, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) family protein have received increasing attention owing to its pleiotropic protein molecule character in acute kidney injury, where it performed a dual role in the pathological process. macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 are released into the peripheral circulation when Acute kidney injury occurs and interact with various cellular pathways. On the one hand, macrophage migration inhibitory factor exerts a protective effect in anti-oxidation and macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 promotes cell proliferation and ameliorates renal fibrosis. On the other hand, macrophage migration inhibitory factor aggravates renal injury as an upstream inflammation factor. Herein, we provide an overview on the biological role and possible mechanisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2 in the process of Acute kidney injury and the clinical application prospects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Du
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Hao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbao Liu, ; Heng Ma,
| | - Hongbao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbao Liu, ; Heng Ma,
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6
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Tao Q, Zhang ZD, Qin Z, Liu XW, Li SH, Bai LX, Ge WB, Li JY, Yang YJ. Aspirin eugenol ester alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats while stabilizing serum metabolites levels. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939106. [PMID: 35967416 PMCID: PMC9372404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) was a novel drug compound with aspirin and eugenol esterified. AEE had various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-oxidative stress and so on. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of AEE on the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. In vitro experiments evaluated the protective effect of AEE on the LPS-induced A549 cells. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured in the cell supernatant. The Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): control group, model group (LPS group), LPS + AEE group (AEE, 54 mg·kg-1), LPS + AEE group (AEE, 108 mg·kg-1), LPS + AEE group (AEE, 216 mg·kg-1). The lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio and immune organ index were calculated. WBCs were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total protein concentration was measured. Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining of lung tissue was performed. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), macrophage mobility inhibitory factor (MIF), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β activity were measured. The metabolomic analysis of rat serum was performed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. From the results, compared with LPS group, AEE improved histopathological changes, reduced MDA, CRP, MPO, MDA, and MIF production, decreased WBC count and total protein content in BALF, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, immune organ index and lung wet-dry weight (W/D), increased antioxidant enzyme activity, in a dose-dependent manner. The results of serum metabolomic analysis showed that the LPS-induced ALI caused metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in rats, while AEE could ameliorate it to some extent. Therefore, AEE could alleviate LPS-induced ALI in rats by regulating abnormal inflammatory responses, slowing down oxidative stress, and modulating energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) as a Stress Molecule in Renal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094908. [PMID: 35563296 PMCID: PMC9102975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal inflammation is an initial pathological process during progressive renal injury regardless of the initial cause. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a truly proinflammatory stress mediator that is highly expressed in a variety of both inflammatory cells and intrinsic kidney cells. MIF is released from the diseased kidney immediately upon stimulation to trigger renal inflammation by activating macrophages and T cells, and promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and stress molecules via signaling pathways involving the CD74/CD44 and chemokine receptors CXCR2, CXCR4, and CXCR7 signaling. In addition, MIF can function as a stress molecule to counter-regulate the immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoid in renal inflammation. Given the critical position of MIF in the upstream inflammatory cascade, this review focuses on the regulatory role and molecular mechanisms of MIF in kidney diseases. The therapeutic potential of targeting MIF signaling to treat kidney diseases is also discussed.
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8
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Li ZH, Guo XY, Quan XY, Yang C, Liu ZJ, Su HY, An N, Liu HF. The Role of Parietal Epithelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Podocytopathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832772. [PMID: 35360248 PMCID: PMC8963495 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytopathy is the most common feature of glomerular disorder characterized by podocyte injury- or dysfunction-induced excessive proteinuria, which ultimately develops into glomerulosclerosis and results in persistent loss of renal function. Due to the lack of self-renewal ability of podocytes, mild podocyte depletion triggers replacement and repair processes mostly driven by stem cells or resident parietal epithelial cells (PECs). In contrast, when podocyte recovery fails, activated PECs contribute to the establishment of glomerular lesions. Increasing evidence suggests that PECs, more than just bystanders, have a crucial role in various podocytopathies, including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, and lupus podocytopathy. In this review, we attempt to dissect the diverse role of PECs in the pathogenesis of podocytopathy based on currently available information.
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Song S, Xiao Z, Dekker FJ, Poelarends GJ, Melgert BN. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:105. [PMID: 35091838 PMCID: PMC8799543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The family of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) proteins in humans consist of MIF, its functional homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT, also known as MIF-2) and the relatively unknown protein named DDT-like (DDTL). MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple properties in tissue homeostasis and pathology. MIF was initially found to associate with inflammatory responses and therefore established a reputation as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, increasing evidence demonstrates that MIF influences many different intra- and extracellular molecular processes important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, such as promotion of cellular survival, antioxidant signaling, and wound repair. In contrast, studies on D-DT are scarce and on DDTL almost nonexistent and their functions remain to be further investigated as it is yet unclear how similar they are compared to MIF. Importantly, the many and sometimes opposing functions of MIF suggest that targeting MIF therapeutically should be considered carefully, taking into account timing and severity of tissue injury. In this review, we focus on the latest discoveries regarding the role of MIF family members in tissue injury, inflammation and repair, and highlight the possibilities of interventions with therapeutics targeting or mimicking MIF family proteins.
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Guarneri M, Scola L, Giarratana RM, Bova M, Carollo C, Vaccarino L, Calandra L, Lio D, Balistreri CR, Cottone S. MIF rs755622 and IL6 rs1800795 Are Implied in Genetic Susceptibility to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:226. [PMID: 35205271 PMCID: PMC8872268 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an increased risk of kidney failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Aging and comorbidities as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, or tumors, might increase the risk of dialysis. In addition, genetic susceptibility factors might modulate kidney damage evolution. We have analyzed, in a group of ESRD patients and matched controls, a set of SNPs of genes (Klotho rs577912, rs564481, rs9536314; FGF23 rs7955866; IGF1 rs35767; TNFA rs1800629; IL6 rs1800795; MIF rs755622, rs1007888) chosen in relation to their possible involvement with renal disease and concomitant pathologies. Analysis of the raw data did indicate that IL6 rs180795 and MIF rs755622 SNPs might be markers of genetic susceptibility to ESRD. In particular, the C positive genotypes of MIF rs755622, (dominant model) seem to be an independent risk factor for ESDR patients (data adjusted for age, gender, and associated pathologies). Stratifying results according to age MIF rs755622 C positive genotype frequencies are increased in both the two age classes considered (<59 and ≥59-year-old subjects). Analyses of data according to gender allowed us to observe that ESRD women shoved a significantly reduced frequency of genotypes bearing IL6 rs180795 C allele. In addition, MIF rs755622 might interact with diabetes or hypercholesterolemia in increasing susceptibility to ESRD. In conclusion, our data indicate that some polymorphisms involved in the regulation of both renal function and inflammatory response can influence the evolution of chronic kidney disease and suggest that the modulation of the activities of these and other genes should also be considered as therapeutic targets on to intervene with innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Guarneri
- Unit of Nephrology & Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal & Infant Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, “Paolo Giaccone” University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Letizia Scola
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Manuela Bova
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Caterina Carollo
- Unit of Nephrology & Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal & Infant Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, “Paolo Giaccone” University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Loredana Vaccarino
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Leonardo Calandra
- Unit of Nephrology & Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal & Infant Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, “Paolo Giaccone” University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Domenico Lio
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (L.S.); (R.M.G.); (M.B.); (L.V.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Santina Cottone
- Unit of Nephrology & Hypertension, European Society of Hypertension Excellence Center, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal & Infant Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, “Paolo Giaccone” University Hospital, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (L.C.); (S.C.)
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11
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang Q, Song Y, Chen S, Cheng B, Zhang Y, Cui Z, Wu Z, Zhu C. MIF inhibitor ISO-1 alleviates severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute kidney injury by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107555. [PMID: 33823428 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important complication of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with a poor prognosis. The methyl ester of (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid (ISO-1), an inhibitor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), has protective effects against many diseases. Our previous study confirmed MIF inhibition alleviated SAP. Here, we explored the effects of ISO-1 in an experimental mouse model of SAP-associated AKI induced by l-arginine. METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n = 6 each): control (CON), SAP, SAP + ISO-1, and ISO-1. Histopathologic examination was used to observe damage in pancreatic and renal tissues. Biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) kits were used to measure the serologic indicators amylase, lipase, creatinine, uric acid, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, and the infiltration of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils in kidney tissue. Western blotting was used to detect NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 and IL-1β protein expression, and real-time PCR was used to measure MIF, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA levels in kidney tissue. RESULTS ISO-1 treatment alleviated pathological damage in pancreatic and renal tissues, and reduced the serum levels of amylase, lipase, creatinine, uric acid, IL-6 and TNF-α. ISO-1 also reduced protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1β, mRNA expression of MIF, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18, and the infiltration of MPO-positive neutrophils in kidney tissue. CONCLUSION ISO-1 has a protective effect against experimental SAP-associated AKI. And the mechanism may be associated with ISO-1 inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Yanna Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Qiaofang Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Yaodong Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Sanyang Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Zongchao Cui
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Zhongwei Wu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China
| | - Changju Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No 1 Eastern Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma Research Medicine, China.
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12
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Ito N, Sakamoto K, Hikichi C, Matsusaka T, Nagata M. Biphasic MIF and SDF1 expression during podocyte injury promote CD44-mediated glomerular parietal cell migration in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F741-F753. [PMID: 32068458 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00414.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC) activation, as revealed by de novo expression of CD44 and cell migration toward the injured filtration barrier, is a hallmark of podocyte injury-driven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). However, the signaling pathway that mediates activation of PECs in response to podocyte injury is unknown. The present study focused on CD44 signaling, particularly the roles of two CD44-related chemokines, migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), and their common receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4), in the NEP25/LMB2 mouse podocyte-toxin model of FSGS. In the early phase of the disease, CD44-positive PECs were locally evident on the opposite side of the intact glomerular tuft and subsequently increased in the vicinity of synechiae with podocyte loss. Expression of MIF and SDF1 was first increased in injured podocytes and subsequently transferred to activated PECs expressing CD44 and CXCR4. In an immortalized mouse PEC (mPEC) line, recombinant MIF and SDF1 (rMIF and rSDF1, respectively) individually increased CD44 and CXCR4 mRNA and protein levels. rMIF and rSDF1 stimulated endogenous MIF and SDF1 production. rMIF- and rSDF1-induced mPEC migration was suppressed by CD44 siRNA. However, MIF and SDF1 inhibitors failed to show any impact on proteinuria, podocyte number, and CD44 expression in NEP25/LMB2 mice. Our data suggest that injured podocytes upregulate MIF and SDF1 that stimulate CD44 expression and CD44-mediated migration, which is enhanced by endogenous MIF and SDF1 in PECs. This biphasic expression pattern of the chemokine-CD44 axis in podocytes and PECs may be a novel mechanism of "podocyte-PEC cross-talk" signaling underlying podocyte injury-driven FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hikichi
- Department of Pathology, Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Michio Nagata
- Department of Pathology, Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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Cheng WL, Kao YH, Chen YC, Lin YK, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor increases atrial arrhythmogenesis through CD74 signaling. Transl Res 2020; 216:43-56. [PMID: 31669150 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, is highly expressed in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). CD74 (major histocompatibility complex, class II invariant chain) is the main receptor for MIF. However, the role of the MIF/CD74 axis in atrial arrhythmogenesis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of MIF/CD74 signaling on atrial electrophysiological characteristics and determined its underlying mechanisms. Confocal fluorescence microscopy, patch clamp, and western blot analysis were used to study calcium homeostasis, ionic currents, and calcium-related signaling in MIF-treated HL-1 atrial cardiomyocytes with or without anti-CD74 neutralized antibodies treatment. Furthermore, electrocardiographic telemetry recording and echocardiography were obtained from mice treated with MIF. Compared with controls, MIF-treated HL-1 myocytes had increased calcium transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium content, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) efflux rate, calcium leak, transient outward potassium current, and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current. Furthermore, MIF could induce expression of SR Ca2+ATPase, NCX, phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), and activation of calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) when compared with control cells. MIF-mediated electrical dysregulation and CaMKII-RyR2 signaling activation were attenuated through blocking of CD74. Moreover, MIF-injected mice had lesser left atrium fractional shortening, greater atrial fibrosis, and atrial ectopic beats than control (nonspecific immunoglobulin treated) or MIF combined with anti-CD74 neutralized antibody-treated mice. Consequently, our study on MIF/CD74 signaling has pointed out a new potential therapeutic intervention of AF patients with MIF elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to uncover protein alterations associated with the progression of IgA nephropathy. Virchows Arch 2019; 476:903-914. [PMID: 31838587 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most diffuse glomerulonephrites worldwide, and many issues still remain regarding our understanding of its pathogenesis. The disease is diagnosed by renal biopsy examination, but potential pitfalls still persist with regard to discriminating its primary origin and, as a result, determining patient outcome remains challenging. In this pilot study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was performed on renal biopsies obtained from patients with IgAN (n = 11) and other mesangioproliferative glomerulonephrites (MesPGN, n = 6) in order to enlighten proteomic alterations that may be associated with the progression of IgAN. Differences in the proteomic profiles of IgAN and MesPGN tissue could clearly be detected using this approach and, furthermore, 14 signals (AUC ≥ 0.8) were observed to have an altered intensity among the different CKD stages within the IgAN group. In particular, large increases in the intensity of these signals could be observed at CKD stages II and above. These signals primarily corresponded to proteins involved in either inflammatory and healing pathways and their increased intensity was localized within regions of tissue with large amounts of inflammatory cells or sclerosis. Despite much work in recent years, our molecular understanding of IgAN progression remains incomplete. This pilot study represents a promising starting point in the search for novel protein markers that can assist clinicians in better understanding the pathogenesis of IgAN and highlighting those patients who may progress to end-stage renal disease.
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15
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Chang MY, C M Ong A. Targeting new cellular disease pathways in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1310-1316. [PMID: 28992279 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited cause of end-stage renal failure. Understanding the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of ADPKD could help to identify new targets for treatment. The classic cellular cystic phenotype includes changes in proliferation, apoptosis, fluid secretion, extracellular matrix and cilia function. However, recent research, suggests that the cellular cystic phenotype could be broader and that changes, such as altered metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress and epigenetic modification, could play important roles in the processes of cyst initiation, cyst growth or disease progression. Here we review these newer cellular pathways, describe evidence for their possible links to cystic pathogenesis or different stages of disease and discuss the options for developing novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Hao J, Lv T, Xu L, Ran M, Wu K. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:22. [PMID: 31248381 PMCID: PMC6598351 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C5a is important for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated activation of neutrophils. The present study aimed to assess the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in ANCA-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. The effects of MIF on ANCA-mediated neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation were determined. In addition, the effect of a MIF antagonist on the activation of C5a-primed neutrophils was assessed. Results MIF treatment resulted in increased membrane proteinase-3 (mPR3) expression on neutrophils and enhanced myeloperoxidase (MPO) amounts in neutrophil culture supernatants. The concentration of MIF was significantly higher in the neutrophils supernatant primed with C5a (negative control: 14.2 ± 1.16 ng/ml; C5a: 45.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. negative control; C5a + IgG: 44.8 ± 1.93 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. negative control; C5a + MPO-ANCA: 73.0 ± 5.5 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. C5a; and C5a + PR3-ANCA: 69.4 ± 5.35 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. C5a). MIF primed neutrophils to undergo respiratory burst and degranulation in response to ANCA. Indeed, mean fluorescence intensity (a measure of respiratory burst) was significantly higher in MIF-primed neutrophils activated with MPO-ANCA-positive IgG or PR3-ANCA-positive IgG compared with non-primed neutrophils. Meanwhile, a MIF antagonist reduced oxygen radical production in C5a-primed neutrophils treated with patient-derived ANCA-positive IgG. Conclusions MIF can prime neutrophils to undergo ANCA-mediated respiratory burst and degranulation. Blocking MIF resulted in reduced ANCA-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. These findings indicated that the interaction between MIF and C5a may contribute to ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Tiegang Lv
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mao Ran
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kaili Wu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
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17
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Deng XN, Wang XY, Yu HY, Chen SM, Xu XY, Huai W, Liu GH, Ma QB, Zhang YY, Dart AM, Du XJ, Gao W. Admission macrophage migration inhibitory factor predicts long-term prognosis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2019; 4:208-219. [PMID: 29726987 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aims We previously showed in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) that admission levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predict infarct size. We studied whether admission MIF alone or in combination with other biomarkers is useful for risk assessment of acute and chronic clinical outcomes in STEMI patients. Methods and results A total of 658 STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were consecutively recruited. MIF level was determined at admission and echocardiography performed on day-3 and then 12 months post-MI. Patients were followed for a median period of 64 months. Major endpoints included ST-segment resolution, all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). High MIF level was associated with larger enzymatic infarct size, incomplete resolution of ST-segment elevation post-PCI, impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and poorer improvement of LVEF (all P < 0.001). After adjustment for classical risk factors standard biomarkers and day-3 LVEF, admission MIF remained independently prognostic for all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-3.22], and MACE (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.12-1.71, both P < 0.05). MIF was a significant additive predictor of all-cause mortality with a net reclassification improvement of 0.34 (P = 0.02). Furthermore, patients in high tertile of both admission MIF and day-3 Nt-proBNP had the highest mortality risk relative to other tertile groups (HR 11.28, 95% CI 4.82-26.94; P < 0.001). Conclusion STEMI patients with high admission MIF level experienced a poorer recovery of cardiac function and worse long-term adverse outcomes. Combination of Nt-proBNP with MIF further improves prognostic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ning Deng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yi Yu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Min Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ye Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huai
- Department of Emergency, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Liu
- Department of Emergency, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Bian Ma
- Department of Emergency, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - You-Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony M Dart
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 Hua Yuan Bei Lu, Hai Dian District, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
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18
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Lu Z, Zhong Y, Liu W, Xiang L, Deng Y. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2697672. [PMID: 31534972 PMCID: PMC6732610 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2697672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in many countries. The pathological features of DKD are the hypertrophy of mesangial cells, apoptosis of podocytes, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The etiology of DKD is very complicated and many factors are involved, such as genetic factors, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, abnormalities of renal hemodynamics, and metabolism of vasoactive substances. Although some achievements have been made in the exploration of the pathogenesis of DKD, the currently available clinical treatment methods are still not completely effective in preventing the progress of DKD to ESRD. CHM composed of natural products has traditionally been used for symptom relief, which may offer new insights into therapeutic development of DKD. We will summarize the progress of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of DKD from two aspects. In clinical trials, the Chinese herbal formulas were efficacy and safety confirmed by the randomized controlled trials. In terms of experimental research, studies provided evidence for the efficacy of CHM from the perspectives of balancing metabolic disorders, reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress, antifibrosis, protecting renal innate cells, and regulating microRNA and metabolism. CHM consisting of different ingredients may play a role in synergistic interactions and multiple target points in the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wangyi Liu
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- The Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Kok T, Wasiel AA, Cool RH, Melgert BN, Poelarends GJ, Dekker FJ. Small-molecule inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as an emerging class of therapeutics for immune disorders. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1910-1918. [PMID: 29936245 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine for which an increasing number of functions is being described in the pathogenesis of inflammation and cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of potent and druglike MIF inhibitors that are well-characterized in relevant disease models remains limited. Development of highly potent and selective small-molecule MIF inhibitors and validation of their use in relevant disease models will advance drug discovery. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in the identification of MIF as a pharmacological target in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. We also give an overview of the current developments in the discovery and design of small-molecule MIF inhibitors and define future aims in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjie Kok
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut Surabaya, 60292, Indonesia
| | - Anna A Wasiel
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert H Cool
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Luedike P, Alatzides G, Papathanasiou M, Heisler M, Pohl J, Lehmann N, Rassaf T. Predictive potential of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:22. [PMID: 29728137 PMCID: PMC5935947 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostication in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging and novel biomarkers are urgently needed. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and various inflammatory diseases. Whether MIF is involved in HFpEF is unknown. Methods and results Sixty-two patients with HFpEF were enrolled and followed up for 180 days. MIF plasma levels as well as natriuretic peptide (NP) levels were assessed. High MIF levels significantly predicted the combined end-point of all-cause death or hospitalization at 180 days in the univariate analysis (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.12–5.19, p = 0.025) and after adjustment for relevant covariates in a Cox proportional hazard regression model (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.05–5.27, p = 0.0374). Furthermore, MIF levels above the median were associated with higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) as assessed by echocardiography (PASP 31 mmHg vs 48 mmHg in the low- and high-MIF group, respectively, p = 0.017). NPs significantly correlated with MIF in HFpEF patients (BNP p = 0.011; r = 0.32; NT-proBNP p = 0.027; r = 0.28). Conclusion MIF was associated with clinical outcomes and might be involved in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in patients with HFpEF. These first data on MIF in HFpEF should stimulate further research to elucidate the role of this cytokine in heart failure. Trial registration NCT03232671
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luedike
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Georgios Alatzides
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Papathanasiou
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Heisler
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Pohl
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Lehmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany
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21
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Höllriegl W, Bauer A, Baumgartner B, Dietrich B, Douillard P, Kerschbaumer RJ, Höbarth G, McKee JS, Schinagl A, Tam FWK, Thiele M, Weber A, Wolfsegger M, Turecek M, Muchitsch EM, Scheiflinger F, Glantschnig H. Pharmacokinetics, disease-modifying activity, and safety of an experimental therapeutic targeting an immunological isoform of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, in rat glomerulonephritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 820:206-216. [PMID: 29274331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutic agents are needed to overcome the toxicity and suboptimal efficacy observed in current treatment of glomerulonephritis (GN). BaxB01 is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting a disease-related immunologically distinct isoform of Macrophage migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF), designated oxidized MIF (oxMIF) and locally expressed in inflammatory conditions. We report the pharmacokinetic profile of BaxB01, and its dose and exposure-related disease-modifying activity in experimentally induced rat GN. BaxB01 bound to rat oxMIF with high affinity and reduced rat macrophage migration in vitro. After intravenous administration in rats, BaxB01 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics, with a half-life of up to nine days. Disease modification was dose-related (≥ 10mg/kg) as demonstrated by significantly reduced proteinuria and diminished histopathological glomerular crescent formation. Importantly, a single dose was sufficient to establish an exposure-related, anti-inflammatory milieu via amelioration of glomerular cellular inflammation. Pharmacodynamic modeling corroborated these findings, consistently predicting plasma exposures that were effective in attenuating both anti-inflammatory activity and reducing loss of kidney function. This pharmacologic benefit on glomerular function and structure was sustained during established disease, while correlation analyses confirmed a link between the antibody's anti-inflammatory activity and reduced crescent formation in individual rats. Finally, safety assessment in rats showed that the experimental therapeutic was well tolerated without signs of systemic toxicity or negative impact on kidney function. These data define therapeutically relevant exposures correlated with mechanism-based activity in GN, while toxicological evaluation suggests a large therapeutic index and provides evidence for achieving safe and effective exposure to a MIF isoform-directed therapeutic in nephritis-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Höllriegl
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Bauer
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Baumgartner
- Research & Development, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, One Baxter Parkway, Deerfield, IL 60015, United States
| | - Barbara Dietrich
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrice Douillard
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Höbarth
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey S McKee
- Research & Development, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, One Baxter Parkway, Deerfield, IL 60015, United States
| | - Alexander Schinagl
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederick W K Tam
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Renal and Vascular Inflammation Section, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michael Thiele
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Weber
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wolfsegger
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marietta Turecek
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Muchitsch
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Glantschnig
- Research & Nonclinical Development, Shire, Industriestrasse 67, A-1220 Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Onat A, Ademoğlu E, Can G, Çoban N, Kaya A, Yüksel H. Lower circulating migration inhibitory factor protein is associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Biomark Med 2017; 11:557-568. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The controversial relationship between macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and the likelihood of cardiometabolic diseases was investigated. Results/methodology: Assayed MIF protein from 1225 adults was cross-sectionally analyzed. MIF was independently inversely associated with age, total testosterone and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In men MIF correlation with age, testosterone and waist circumference converted from inverse in the upper to positive in the bottom MIF third. Both metabolic syndrome and diabetes were significantly associated, in combined gender, with the intermediate (vs the highest) MIF tertile at an odds ratio 1.6. Coronary heart disease was not significantly related with MIF in either gender. Discussion/conclusion: Findings are consistent with oxidative damage to MIF protein and its involvement in autoimmune activation, likely more extensive in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Onat
- Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evin Ademoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Günay Can
- Department of Public Health, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Çoban
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Kaya
- Department of Biochemistry Section, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüsniye Yüksel
- Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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HO-1 Is Essential for Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Anti-Inflammation Process in LPS-Treated RAW264.7 Macrophages. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1818575. [PMID: 28473878 PMCID: PMC5394384 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1818575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an important monomer extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, can prevent a number of inflammation associated chronic diseases. However, the mechanism involved in TSG inducing anti-inflammatory role remains unclear. As an inducible antioxidant enzyme, Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), is crucial for protecting the mammalian cells against adverse stimuli. Here, we found that the TSG treatment strongly induces the expression of HO-1 in an NRF2-depended manner. Meanwhile, TSG increased the mitochondrial mass through upregulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis activators (PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM) as well as the mitochondrial complex IV. Furthermore, TSG attenuated Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediated RAW264.7 cells activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Zinc Protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a selective inhibitor of HO-1 activity, was able to attenuate TSG mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and anti-inflammatory process. Finally, we observed that LPS induced obvious mtDNA depletion and ATP deficiency, which indicated a severe damage of mitochondria. TSG restored the LPS induced mitochondrial dysfunction via activation of the mitochondrial biogenesis. ZnPP treatment markedly reversed the inhibitory effects of TSG on mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in LPS stimulated macrophages. Taken together, these findings suggest that TSG enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function mainly via activation the HO-1. TSG can be developed as a potential drug for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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24
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Muñoz-Durango N, Fuentes CA, Castillo AE, González-Gómez LM, Vecchiola A, Fardella CE, Kalergis AM. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System beyond Blood Pressure Regulation: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in End-Organ Damage during Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E797. [PMID: 27347925 PMCID: PMC4964362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a common condition worldwide and an important predictor of several complicated diseases. Arterial hypertension can be triggered by many factors, including physiological, genetic, and lifestyle causes. Specifically, molecules of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system not only play important roles in the control of blood pressure, but they are also associated with the genesis of arterial hypertension, thus constituting a need for pharmacological interventions. Chronic high pressure generates mechanical damage along the vascular system, heart, and kidneys, which are the principal organs affected in this condition. In addition to mechanical stress, hypertension-induced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the activation of reparative mechanisms lead to end-organ damage, mainly due to fibrosis. Clinical trials have demonstrated that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system intervention in hypertensive patients lowers morbidity/mortality and inflammatory marker levels as compared to placebo patients, evidencing that this system controls more than blood pressure. This review emphasizes the detrimental effects that a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) imbalance has on health considerations above and beyond high blood pressure, such as fibrotic end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristóbal A Fuentes
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrés E Castillo
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis Martín González-Gómez
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025 Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
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