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Makuch M, Stepanechko M, Bzowska M. The dance of macrophage death: the interplay between the inevitable and the microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330461. [PMID: 38576612 PMCID: PMC10993711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic cells ubiquitous in various tissues, where they perform diverse functions. They participate in the response to pathogen invasion and inflammation resolution following the immune response, as well as the maintenance of homeostasis and proper tissue functions. Macrophages are generally considered long-lived cells with relatively strong resistance to numerous cytotoxic factors. On the other hand, their death seems to be one of the principal mechanisms by which macrophages perform their physiological functions or can contribute to the development of certain diseases. In this review, we scrutinize three distinct pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathways - pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis - occurring in macrophages under specific circumstances, and explain how these cells appear to undergo dynamic yet not always final changes before ultimately dying. We achieve that by examining the interconnectivity of these cell death types, which in macrophages seem to create a coordinated and flexible system responding to the microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the complexity and consequences of pyroptotic, necroptotic, and ferroptotic pathway induction in macrophages under two pathological conditions - atherosclerosis and cancer. We summarize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) along with other microenvironmental factors, macrophage polarization states, associated mechanisms as well as general outcomes, as such a comprehensive look at these correlations may point out the proper methodologies and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Bzowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Wang X, Shen Y, Wan X, Hu X, Cai WQ, Wu Z, Xin Q, Liu X, Gui J, Xin HY, Xin HW. Oncolytic virotherapy evolved into the fourth generation as tumor immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:500. [PMID: 37491263 PMCID: PMC10369732 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising anti-tumor modality that utilizes oncolytic viruses (OVs) to preferentially attack cancers rather than normal tissues. With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). However, the therapeutic safety and efficacy must be further optimized and balanced to ensure the superior safe and efficient OVT in clinics, and reasonable combination therapy strategies are also important challenges worthy to be explored. MAIN BODY Here we provided a critical review of the development history and status of OVT, emphasizing the mechanisms of enhancing both safety and efficacy. We propose that oncolytic virotherapy has evolved into the fourth generation as tumor immunotherapy. Particularly, to arouse T cells by designing OVs expressing bi-specific T cell activator (BiTA) is a promising strategy of killing two birds with one stone. Amazing combination of therapeutic strategies of OVs and immune cells confers immense potential for managing cancers. Moreover, the attractive preclinical OVT addressed recently, and the OVT in clinical trials were systematically reviewed. CONCLUSION OVs, which are advancing into clinical trials, are being envisioned as the frontier clinical anti-tumor agents coming soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
| | - Yihua Shen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xingxia Wan
- College of Arts and Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Xinzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (Xinzhou), Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Zijun Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Xin
- School of Graduate Students, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China
| | - Jingang Gui
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Hong-Yi Xin
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong, 524400, China.
- The Doctoral Scientific Research Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, 524400, China.
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, China.
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Shi M, Tang C, Wu JX, Ji BW, Gong BM, Wu XH, Wang X. Mass Spectrometry Detects Sphingolipid Metabolites for Discovery of New Strategy for Cancer Therapy from the Aspect of Programmed Cell Death. Metabolites 2023; 13:867. [PMID: 37512574 PMCID: PMC10384871 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, a type of bioactive lipid, play crucial roles within cells, serving as integral components of membranes and exhibiting strong signaling properties that have potential therapeutic implications in anti-cancer treatments. However, due to the diverse group of lipids and intricate mechanisms, sphingolipids still face challenges in enhancing the efficacy of different therapy approaches. In recent decades, mass spectrometry has made significant advancements in uncovering sphingolipid biomarkers and elucidating their impact on cancer development, progression, and resistance. Primary sphingolipids, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, exhibit contrasting roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival. The evasion of cell death is a characteristic hallmark of cancer cells, leading to treatment failure and a poor prognosis. The escape initiates with long-established apoptosis and extends to other programmed cell death (PCD) forms when patients experience chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or immunotherapy. Gradually, supportive evidence has uncovered the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of PCD leading to the development of innovative molecular, genetic, and pharmacological tools that specifically target sphingolipid signaling nodes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of the sphingolipid biomarkers revealed through mass spectrometry in recent decades, as well as an in-depth analysis of the six main forms of PCD (apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis) in aspects of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and tumor response to treatments. We review the corresponding small-molecule compounds associated with these processes and their potential implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wu
- SINO-SWISS Institute of Advanced Technology, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Wei Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bao-Ming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Wu J, Guo J, Fang Q, Liu Y, Li C, Xie W, Zhang Y. Identification of biomarkers associated with the invasion of nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors based on the immune microenvironment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131693. [PMID: 37522128 PMCID: PMC10376796 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The invasive behavior of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNEts) affects complete resection and indicates a poor prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy has been experimentally used for the treatment of many tumors, including pituitary tumors. The current study aimed to screen the key immune-related genes in NF-PitNEts with invasion. Methods We used two cohorts to explore novel biomarkers in NF-PitNEts. The immune infiltration-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained based on high/low immune scores, which were calculated through the ESTIMATE algorithm. The abundance of immune cells was predicted using the ImmuCellAI database. WGCNA was used to construct a coexpression network of immune cell-related genes. Random forest analysis was used to select the candidate genes associated with invasion. The expression of key genes was verified in external validation set using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR). Results The immune and invasion related DEGs was obtained based on the first dataset of NF-PitNEts (n=112). The immune cell-associated modules in NF-PitNEts were calculate by WGCNA. Random forest analysis was performed on 81 common genes intersected by immune-related genes, invasion-related genes, and module genes. Then, 20 of these genes with the highest RF score were selected to construct the invasion and immune-associated classification model. We found that this model had high prediction accuracy for tumor invasion, which had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) value in the training dataset from the first dataset (n=78), the self-test dataset from the first dataset (n=34), and the independent test dataset (n=73) (AUC=0.732/0.653/0.619). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that 8 out of the 20 genes were enriched in multiple signaling pathways. Subsequently, the 8-gene (BMP6, CIB2, FABP5, HOMER2, MAML3, NIN, PRKG2 and SIDT2) classification model was constructed and showed good efficiency in the first dataset (AUC=0.671). In addition, the expression levels of these 8 genes were verified by qRT‒PCR. Conclusion We identified eight key genes associated with invasion and immunity in NF-PitNEts that may play a fundamental role in invasive progression and may provide novel potential immunotherapy targets for NF-PitNEts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Wu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Fang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulou Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyan Xie
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Dal Cortivo G, Dell’Orco D. Calcium- and Integrin-Binding Protein 2 (CIB2) in Physiology and Disease: Bright and Dark Sides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073552. [PMID: 35408910 PMCID: PMC8999013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium- and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) is a small EF-hand protein capable of binding Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. While its biological function remains largely unclear, an increasing number of studies have shown that CIB2 is an essential component of the mechano-transduction machinery that operates in cochlear hair cells. Mutations in the gene encoding CIB2 have been associated with non-syndromic deafness. In addition to playing an important role in the physiology of hearing, CIB2 has been implicated in a multitude of very different processes, ranging from integrin signaling in platelets and skeletal muscle to autophagy, suggesting extensive functional plasticity. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of biochemical and biophysical properties of CIB2 and the biological roles that have been proposed for the protein in a variety of processes. We also highlight the many molecular aspects that remain unclarified and deserve further investigation.
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