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Pollastro S, Musters A, Balzaretti G, Niewold I, van Schaik B, Hässler S, Verhoef CM, Pallardy M, van Kampen A, Mariette X, de Vries N. Sensitive B-cell receptor repertoire analysis shows repopulation correlates with clinical response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:70. [PMID: 38493208 PMCID: PMC10943808 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although B-cell depleting therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is clearly effective, response is variable and does not correlate with B cell depletion itself. METHODS The B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire was prospectively analyzed in peripheral blood samples of twenty-eight RA patients undergoing rituximab therapy. Timepoints of achieved BCR-depletion and -repopulation were defined based on the percentage of unmutated BCRs in the repertoire. The predictive value of early BCR-depletion (within one-month post-treatment) and early BCR-repopulation (within 6 months post-treatment) on clinical response was assessed. RESULTS We observed changes in the peripheral blood BCR repertoire after rituximab treatment, i.e., increased clonal expansion, decreased clonal diversification and increased mutation load which persisted up to 12 months after treatment, but started to revert at month 6. Early BCR depletion was not associated with early clinical response but late depleters did show early response. Patients with early repopulation with unmutated BCRs showed a significant decrease in disease activity in the interval 6 to 12 months. Development of anti-drug antibodies non-significantly correlated with more BCR repopulation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that rather than BCR-depletion it is repopulation with unmutated BCRs, possibly from naïve B cells, which induces remission. This suggests that (pre-existing) differences in B-cell turnover between patients explain the interindividual differences in early clinical effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pollastro
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology | Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute | Program Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Musters
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology | Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Balzaretti
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology | Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute | Program Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Niewold
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology | Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbera van Schaik
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Signe Hässler
- Université Paris Saclay, INSERM U1018, CESP, Villejuif, France
- INSERM UMR 959, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Biotherapy (CIC-BTi), Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Pallardy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome, Immunosurveillance, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antoine van Kampen
- Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR1184: Center for immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology | Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Centre (ARC), Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute | Program Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Anang DC, Walter HAW, Lim J, Niewold I, van der Weele L, Aronica E, Eftimov F, Raaphorst J, van Schaik BDC, van Kampen AHC, van der Kooi AJ, de Vries N. B-cell receptor profiling before and after IVIG monotherapy in newly diagnosed idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:2585-2593. [PMID: 36321862 PMCID: PMC10321087 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To unravel B-cell receptor (BcR) characteristics in muscle tissues and peripheral blood and gain more insight into BcR repertoire changes in peripheral blood in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and study how this correlates to the clinical response to IVIG. METHODS Nineteen treatment-naive patients with newly diagnosed IIM were prospectively treated with IVIG monotherapy. RNA-based BcR repertoire sequencing was performed in muscle biopsies collected before, and in peripheral blood (PB) collected before and nine weeks after IVIG treatment. Results were correlated to patients' clinical improvement based on the total improvement score (TIS). RESULTS Prior to IVIG treatment, BcR clones found in muscle tissue could be retrieved in peripheral blood. Nine weeks after IVIG treatment, new patient-specific dominant BcR clones appeared in peripheral blood while pre-treatment dominant BcR clones disappeared. The cumulative frequency of all dominant BcR clones before treatment was significantly higher in individuals who responded to IVIG compared with those who did not respond to IVIG, and correlated with a higher CK. During follow-up, a decrease in the cumulative frequency of all dominant clones correlated with a higher TIS. CONCLUSION In treatment-naive patients with newly diagnosed IIM, muscle tissue and peripheral blood share expanded BcR clones. In our study a higher cumulative frequency of dominant BcR clones in blood before treatment was associated with a higher CK and better treatment response, suggesting that response to IVIG may depend on the composition of the pre-treatment BcR repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johan Lim
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Niewold
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genome analysis, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda van der Weele
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Raaphorst
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbera D C van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine H C van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niek de Vries
- Correspondence to: Niek de Vries, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, PO. Box 22600, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
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3
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Liu X, Li H, Li S, Yuan J, Pang Y. Maintenance and recall of memory T cell populations against tuberculosis: Implications for vaccine design. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100741. [PMID: 37063832 PMCID: PMC10102482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of standardised drug regimens, advanced diagnostics, and Mycobacterium bovis Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines, the global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic remains uncontrollable. To address this challenge, improved vaccines are urgently required that can elicit persistent immunologic memory, the hallmark of successful vaccines. Nonetheless, the processes underlying the induction and maintenance of immunologic memory are not entirely understood. Clarifying how memory T cells (Tm cells) are created and survive long term may be a crucial step towards the development of effective T cell–targeted vaccines. Here, we review research findings on the memory T cell response, which involves mobilization of several distinct Tm cell subsets that are required for efficient host suppression of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) activity. We also summaries current knowledge related to the T cell response-based host barrier against Mtb infection and discuss advantages and disadvantages of novel TB vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Pang
- *Correspondence: Jinfeng Yuan, ; Yu Pang,
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Wong P, Cina DP, Sherwood KR, Fenninger F, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Polychronakos C, Lan J, Keown PA. Clinical application of immune repertoire sequencing in solid organ transplant. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100479. [PMID: 36865546 PMCID: PMC9971933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of T cell receptor (TCR) or B cell receptor (BCR) gene utilization may be valuable in monitoring the dynamic changes in donor-reactive clonal populations following transplantation and enabling adjustment in therapy to avoid the consequences of excess immune suppression or to prevent rejection with contingent graft damage and to indicate the development of tolerance. Objective We performed a review of current literature to examine research in immune repertoire sequencing in organ transplantation and to assess the feasibility of this technology for clinical application in immune monitoring. Methods We searched MEDLINE and PubMed Central for English-language studies published between 2010 and 2021 that examined T cell/B cell repertoire dynamics upon immune activation. Manual filtering of the search results was performed based on relevancy and predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted based on study and methodology characteristics. Results Our initial search yielded 1933 articles of which 37 met the inclusion criteria; 16 of these were kidney transplant studies (43%) and 21 were other or general transplantation studies (57%). The predominant method for repertoire characterization was sequencing the CDR3 region of the TCR β chain. Repertoires of transplant recipients were found to have decreased diversity in both rejectors and non-rejectors when compared to healthy controls. Rejectors and those with opportunistic infections were more likely to have clonal expansion in T or B cell populations. Mixed lymphocyte culture followed by TCR sequencing was used in 6 studies to define an alloreactive repertoire and in specialized transplant settings to track tolerance. Conclusion Methodological approaches to immune repertoire sequencing are becoming established and offer considerable potential as a novel clinical tool for pre- and post-transplant immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paaksum Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Davide P Cina
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen R Sherwood
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franz Fenninger
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Department of Pediatrics, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre and the Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James Lan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul A Keown
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Koers J, Pollastro S, Tol S, Niewold ITG, van Schouwenburg PA, de Vries N, Rispens T. Improving naive B cell isolation by absence of CD45RB glycosylation and CD27 expression in combination with BCR isotype. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1630-1639. [PMID: 35862268 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In past years ex vivo and in vivo experimental approaches involving human naive B cells have proven fundamental for elucidation of mechanisms promoting B cell differentiation in both health and disease. For such studies, it is paramount that isolation strategies yield a population of bona fide naive B cells, i.e., B cells that are phenotypically and functionally naive, clonally non-expanded, and have non-mutated BCR variable regions. In this study different combinations of common as well as recently identified B cell markers were compared to isolate naive B cells from human peripheral blood. High-throughput BCR sequencing was performed to analyze levels of somatic hypermutation and clonal expansion. Additionally, contamination from mature mutated B cells intrinsic to each cell-sorting strategy was evaluated and how this impacts the purity of obtained populations. Our results show that current naive B cell isolation strategies harbor contamination from non-naive B cells, and use of CD27-IgD+ is adequate but can be improved by including markers for CD45RB glycosylation and IgM. The finetuning of naive B cell classification provided herein will harmonize research lines using naive B cells, and will improve B cell profiling during health and disease, e.g. during diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Koers
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Pollastro
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Tol
- Sanquin Research, Department of Research facilities, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse T G Niewold
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ARC, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline A van Schouwenburg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ARC, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University medical centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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