Long Noncoding RNA RP11-115N4.1 Promotes Inflammatory Responses by Interacting With HNRNPH3 and Enhancing the Transcription of HSP70 in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

Hsa-miR-194-5p regulates TRAF6-mediated M1 macrophage apoptosis in recurrent spontaneous abortion

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is linked to pro-inflammatory responses driven by macrophage M1 polarization. miR-194-5p can affect the migration and infiltration of macrophages, and significantly inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, whether miR-194-5p can affect RSA through M1 macrophage-related pathway remains to be further explored. To induce human monocytic leukemia THP-1 into M1 macrophages, PMA and LPS were used. Then detect the effects of transfection with miR-194-5p mimics on the migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of M1 macrophages. Two databases, DIANA-microT and miRDB, were first used to predict the target gene of miR-194-5p, and TRAF6 was selected as the target gene of miR-194-5p, and then the binding sites of the two were predicted and verified by dual luciferase assay. Transfection of inhibitors, with or without TRAF6 siRNA (si-TRAF6), was performed on M1 macrophages to assess changes in viability, migration, aggressiveness, cell cycle, and apoptosis, as well as TRAF6, NF-κB, and Wnt5a mRNA and protein levels. Compared with the miR-NC group, transfection with the miR-194-5p mimic significantly reduced the viability, migration, and invasion abilities of M1 macrophages, arrested them in the S phase, and promoted apoptosis. miR-194-5p bound to TRAF 3'UTR-WT and reduced the viability, migration ability, and aggressiveness of M1 macrophages, increased apoptosis, and blocked the S phase. miR-194-5p negatively regulated TRAF6, resulting in decreased mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB and Wnt5a. miR-194-5p inhibitors and mimics had opposite effects, but miR-194-5p inhibitor effects could be reversed by si-TRAF6. There is a close association between RSA and M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, miR-194-5p inhibits the NF-κB and Wnt5a signaling pathways by negatively regulating TRAF6, thereby impeding the function of M1 macrophages and affecting the occurrence of RSA. These findings provide new therapeutic targets for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of RSA.

Dysregulated lncSNHG12 suppresses the invasion and migration of trophoblasts by regulating Dio2/Snail axis to involve in recurrent spontaneous abortion

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a complex pathological process involving diverse factors, in which the dysregulated functions of trophoblasts cannot be ignored. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been reported to play a significant role in regulating the functions of trophoblasts in RSA. However, the impact and potential mechanism of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (lncSNHG12) remain unclear. The role of lncSNHG12 in RSA was investigated through in vivo experiments and clinical samples. Co-IP and RNA pull down were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms in trophoblasts. Our results showed that lncSNHG12 promoted the migration and invasion of trophoblasts by interacting with Iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (Dio2), which regulating the EMT process of trophoblasts by interacting with Snail. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed that lncSNHG12 could improve the fetal absorption rate of the abortion mice. The clinical samples revealed that lncSNHG12, Dio2 and Snail were down-regulated in the villous tissues of RSA patients, and positive correlations were confirmed between lncSNHG12 and Dio2, as well as Dio2 and Snail. In summary, the lncSNHG12/Dio2/Snail axis might be involved in the development of RSA by regulating the invasion and migration of trophoblasts. Abbreviations: RSA, recurrent spontaneous abortion; EVTs, extravillous trophoblasts; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; Dio2, iodothyronine deiodinase 2; SNHGs, small nuclear RNA host genes; snoRNAs, small nuclear cell RNAs; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; De, derived decidua; Jz, junctional zone; Lz, labyrinth zones; RIP, RNA Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation; Co-IP, Co-Immunoprecipitation; RPISeq, RNA-Protein Interaction Prediction.

Decoding contextual crosstalk: revealing distinct interactions between non-coding RNAs and unfolded protein response in breast cancer

Breast cancer is significantly influenced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, impacting both its initiation and progression. When cells experience an accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins, they activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore cellular balance. In breast cancer, the UPR is frequently triggered due to challenging conditions within tumors. The UPR has a dual impact on breast cancer. On one hand, it can contribute to tumor growth by enhancing cell survival and resistance to programmed cell death in unfavorable environments. On the other hand, prolonged and severe ER stress can trigger cell death mechanisms, limiting tumor progression. Furthermore, ER stress has been linked to the regulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in breast cancer cells. These ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play essential roles in cancer development by influencing gene expression and cellular processes. An improved understanding of how ER stress and ncRNAs interact in breast cancer can potentially lead to new treatment approaches. Modifying specific ncRNAs involved in the ER stress response might interfere with cancer cell survival and induce cell death. Additionally, focusing on UPR-associated proteins that interact with ncRNAs could offer novel therapeutic possibilities. Therefore, this review provides a concise overview of the interconnection between ER stress and ncRNAs in breast cancer, elucidating the nuanced effects of the UPR on cell fate and emphasizing the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in breast cancer progression.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport at the crossroads of proteostasis, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection

Nucleocytoplasmic transport comprises the multistep assembly, transport, and disassembly of protein and RNA cargoes entering and exiting nuclear pores. Accruing evidence supports that impairments to nucleocytoplasmic transport are a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. These impairments cause dysregulations in nucleocytoplasmic partitioning and proteostasis of nuclear transport receptors and client substrates that promote intracellular deposits - another hallmark of neurodegeneration. Disturbances in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) between dense and dilute phases of biomolecules implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport promote micrometer-scale coacervates, leading to proteinaceous aggregates. This Review provides historical and emerging principles of LLPS at the interface of nucleocytoplasmic transport, proteostasis, aging and noxious insults, whose dysregulations promote intracellular aggregates. E3 SUMO-protein ligase Ranbp2 constitutes the cytoplasmic filaments of nuclear pores, where it acts as a molecular hub for rate-limiting steps of nucleocytoplasmic transport. A vignette is provided on the roles of Ranbp2 in nucleocytoplasmic transport and at the intersection of proteostasis in the survival of photoreceptor and motor neurons under homeostatic and pathophysiological environments. Current unmet clinical needs are highlighted, including therapeutics aiming to manipulate aggregation-dissolution models of purported neurotoxicity in neurodegeneration.

PRM-based quantitative proteomics analysis of altered HSP abundance in villi and decidua of patients with early missed abortion

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to identify differentially expressed heat shock protein (HSP) profiles in the villi and decidua from patients with early missed abortion (EMA).

METHODS

By using high-throughput and high-precision parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based targeted proteomics techniques, this study examined the abundance of HSPs in the villi and decidua of 10 patients with EMA and 10 controls. Moreover, the abundance of 3 HSPs in the villi of another 22 patients with EMA and 22 controls was verified with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

RESULTS

There were potential differences in the abundance of 16 HSPs and 42 polypeptides in human villi and decidua compared with those of the control group. Among them, HSP90AB1, HSPD1 and HSPA13 were downregulated in abundance in villi of patients with EMA, with a statistically significant difference, which was consistent with the verification results of Western blots and IHC.

CONCLUSION

Using a PRM-based targeted proteomics technique, this study is the first to screen and quantitatively analyze the expression profile of HSPs in the villi and decidua of patients with EMA. The significant downregulation of HSP90AB1, HSPD1 and HSPA13 was found to have a potentially intimate association with the occurrence of EMA. The findings in our study may provide novel potential research targets related to HSPs for the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of EMA.

MAX deficiency impairs human endometrial decidualization through down-regulating OSR2 in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion

Human uterine stromal cell undergoes decidualization for pregnancy establishment and maintenance, which involved extensive proliferation and differentiation. Increasing studies have suggested that recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) may result from defective endometrial stromal decidualization. However, the critical molecular mechanisms underlying impaired decidualization during RSA are still elusive. By using our recently published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlas, we found that MYC-associated factor X (MAX) was significantly downregulated in the stromal cells derived from decidual tissues of women with RSA, followed by verification with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MAX knockdown significantly impairs human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) proliferation as determined by MTS assay and Ki67 immunostaining, and decidualization determined by F-actin, and decidualization markers. RNA-seq together with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and cleavage under targets and release using nuclease sequencing (CUT&RUN-seq) analysis were applied to explore the molecular mechanisms of MAX in regulation of decidualization, followed by dual-luciferase reporter assay to verify that MAX targets to (odd-skipped related transcription factor 2) OSR2 directly. Reduced expression of OSR2 was also confirmed in decidual tissues in women with RSA by IHC and qRT-PCR. OSR2 knockdown also significantly impairs HESCs decidualization. OSR2-overexpression could at least partly rescue the downregulated insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) expression level in response to MAX knockdown. Collectively, MAX deficiency observed in RSA stromal cells not only attenuates HESCs proliferation but also impairs HESCs decidualization by downregulating OSR2 expression at transcriptional level directly.

Non-Coding RNAs Regulate Spontaneous Abortion: A Global Network and System Perspective

Spontaneous abortion is a common pregnancy complication that negatively impacts women’s health and commercial pig production. It has been demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is involved in SA by affecting cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), migration, and immune response. Over the last decade, research on ncRNAs in SA has primarily concentrated on micro RNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). In this review, we discuss recent ncRNA studies focused on the function and mechanism of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating SA. Meanwhile, we suggest that a ceRNA regulatory network exists in the onset and development of SA. A deeper understanding of this network will accelerate the process of the quest for potential RNA markers for SA diagnosis and treatment.