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Zhang Q, Liao J, Liu Z, Song S, Tian L, Wang Y. The immune tolerance role of Bregs in inhibiting human inflammatory diseases, with a focus on diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1565158. [PMID: 40370441 PMCID: PMC12074967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1565158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/10/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are pivotal modulators of immune tolerance, suppressing inflammation through cytokine secretion and cellular interactions. Their role is particularly significant in inflammatory diseases such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM), where immune dysregulation contributes to disease progression. In T1DM, Bregs mitigate β-cell autoimmunity via IL-10 production and FOXP3-mediated pathways, but genetic mutations and dysfunctions in these mechanisms exacerbate autoimmunity. In T2DM, chronic inflammation and metabolic stress impair Breg numbers and function, further fueling insulin resistance. While Bregs play a central role in T1DM by directly preventing β-cell destruction, their role in T2DM is more supportive, modulating inflammation in metabolically stressed tissues. Emerging therapeutic strategies aim to enhance Breg function through IL-10 induction, ex vivo expansion, or targeting Breg-specific pathways using gene-editing and small molecules. Future research should explore Breg heterogeneity, novel markers, and personalized therapies to unlock their full potential. Understanding and leveraging the immune tolerance role of Bregs may offer transformative strategies to inhibit inflammatory diseases like diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinfeng Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Pathology Department, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Limin Tian
- Center for Geriatrics and Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Geriatrics and Endocrinology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Asashima H, Akao S, Matsumoto I. Emerging roles of checkpoint molecules on B cells. Immunol Med 2025:1-12. [PMID: 39819449 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2025.2454045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules, including both co-inhibitory molecules and co-stimulatory molecules, are known to play critical roles in regulating T-cell responses. During the last decades, immunotherapies targeting these molecules (such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3)) have provided clinical benefits in many cancers. It is becoming apparent that not only T cells, but also B cells have a capacity to express some checkpoint molecules. These were originally thought to be only the markers for regulatory B cells which produce IL-10, but recent studies suggest that these molecules (especially T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), and PD-1) can regulate intrinsic B-cell activation and functions. Here, we focus on these molecules and summarize their characteristics, ligands, and functions on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akao
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Ma F, Feng X, Feng S, Liu J, Li J, Mo L, Xu L, Liu Y, Wu J, Yang P, Ning Y. Impaired inducibility of immune regulatory capacity of peripheral B cells of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. Immunol Res 2024; 72:1502-1514. [PMID: 39495420 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is unclear. RPL may have an association with disruption of immune tolerance. The aim of this study is to characterize the inducibility of immune regulatory ability in peripheral naïve B cells of patients with RPL. In this study, blood samples were taken from patients with RPL. B220+ B cells were isolated by flow cytometry cell sorting. The gene profile of B cells was analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNAseq). The results showed that peripheral B220+ B cells of RPL patients had lower expression of IL10 and exacerbated ER stress. The induction of IL10 expression in peripheral B220+ B cells of RPL patients were impaired. High ubiquitination of c-Maf inducing protein (CMIP) was detected in RPL B cells. Exposure to thapsigargin (an ER stress agonist) decreased the amount of CMIP in B cells. The effects of ER stress on reducing CMIP quantity in B cells were mediated by the histone H2B E3 ubiquitin ligase ring finger protein 20 (RNF20). Inhibition of RNF20 or ER stress restored the inducibility of immune regulatory functions of B220+ B cells of RPL patients. In summary, peripheral B cells in patients with RPL show impaired immune regulation capacity, in which exacerbated ER stress plays a crucial role. Regulation of ER stress or inhibition of RNF20 can restore the immune regulatory capacity in the B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Mo
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division, Shenzhen University, Room A7-509 at Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaman Wu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pingchang Yang
- Institute of Allergy & Immunology of Shenzhen University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases Allergy Division, Shenzhen University, Room A7-509 at Lihu Campus of Shenzhen University, 1066 Xueyuan Blvd, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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Tao J, Shen X, Qian H, Ding Q, Wang L. TIM proteins and microRNAs: distinct impact and promising interactions on transplantation immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1500228. [PMID: 39650660 PMCID: PMC11621082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1500228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving sustained activity and tolerance in of allogeneic grafts after post-transplantation remains a substantial challenge. The response of the immune system to "non-self" MHC-antigenic peptides initiates a crucial phase, wherein blocking positive co-stimulatory signals becomes imperative to ensure graft survival and tolerance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit mRNA translation or promote mRNA degradation by complementary binding of mRNA seed sequences, which ultimately affects protein synthesis. These miRNAs exhibit substantial promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic candidates for within the realm of solid organ transplantations. Current research has highlighted three members of the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family as a novel therapeutic avenue in transplantation medicine and alloimmunization. The interplay between miRNAs and TIM proteins has been extensively explored in viral infections, inflammatory responses, and post-transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injuries. This review aims to elucidate the distinct roles of miRNAs and TIM in transplantation immunity and delineate their interdependent relationships in terms of targeted regulation. Specifically, this investigation sought seeks to uncover the potential of miRNA interaction with TIM, aiming to induce immune tolerance and bolster allograft survival after transplantation. This innovative strategy holds substantial promise in for the future of transplantation science and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Tao
- Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiqing Qian
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Qing Ding
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Reproduction, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Zhangjiagang, China
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Ahsan NF, Lourenço S, Psyllou D, Long A, Shankar S, Bashford-Rogers R. The current understanding of the phenotypic and functional properties of human regulatory B cells (Bregs). OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 5:iqae012. [PMID: 39346706 PMCID: PMC11427547 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
B cells can have a wide range of pro- and anti- inflammatory functions. A subset of B cells called regulatory B cells (Bregs) can potently suppress immune responses. Bregs have been shown to maintain immune homeostasis and modulate inflammatory responses. Bregs are an exciting cellular target across a range of diseases, including Breg induction in autoimmunity, allergy and transplantation, and Breg suppression in cancers and infection. Bregs exhibit a remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity, rendering their unequivocal identification a challenging task. The lack of a universally accepted and exclusive surface marker set for Bregs across various studies contributes to inconsistencies in their categorization. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the phenotypic and functional properties of human Bregs while addressing the persisting ambiguities and discrepancies in their characterization. Finally, the paper examines the promising therapeutic opportunities presented by Bregs as their immunomodulatory capacities have gained attention in the context of autoimmune diseases, allergic conditions, and cancer. We explore the exciting potential in harnessing Bregs as potential therapeutic agents and the avenues that remain open for the development of Breg-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawara Faiza Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Lourenço
- Keizo Asami Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Dimitra Psyllou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Long
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Sushma Shankar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Bashford-Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
- Oxford Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LH, United Kingdom
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6
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Joshi G, Das A, Verma G, Guchhait P. Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:242-266. [PMID: 38063433 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anushka Das
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
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Fan H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Sun J, Lin N. Clinical significance of elevated soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 and soluble P-selectin in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:1113-1119. [PMID: 37926453 PMCID: PMC10712773 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.11.20230452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the serum concentrations of soluble T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (sTIM-1) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) in individuals who had obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHODS Between December 2020 and November 2022, 134 participants from the Sleep Monitoring Center of the Branch Hospital of Huai'an First People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China, engaged in this cross-sectional study. Participants were categorized as mild OSAHS (n=19), moderate OSAHS (n=22), severe OSAHS (n=57), and non-OSAHS (n=36) groups. Serum levels of sTIM-1, sP-selectin, and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as baseline clinical characteristics and polysomnography outcomes were assessed in each participant. RESULTS Compared to the non-OSAHS group, sTIM-1 and sP-selectin levels were considerably elevated in people who had moderate or severe OSAHS (all p<0.05), but there were no notable changes between those who had mild OSAHS and non-OSAHS participants (p>0.05). The sTIM-1 and sP-selectin levels showed positive associations with the apnea-hypopnea index, body mass index (BMI), and IL-6 levels (all p<0.001). While elevated sTIM-1 was independently related to OSAHS (odds ratio [OR]=1.134, p=0.001), sP-selectin was not associated with OSAHS after adjusting for BMI (OR=1.013, p=0.467). CONCLUSION People with moderate or severe OSAHS had higher serum sTIM-1 and sP-selectin levels, and elevated sTIM-1 is an independently related factor for OSAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Fan
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Fan, Liu, Sun), Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s Hospital; from the Department of Otolaryngology (Zhang); and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Lin), the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Fan, Liu, Sun), Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s Hospital; from the Department of Otolaryngology (Zhang); and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Lin), the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Fan, Liu, Sun), Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s Hospital; from the Department of Otolaryngology (Zhang); and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Lin), the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Fan, Liu, Sun), Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s Hospital; from the Department of Otolaryngology (Zhang); and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Lin), the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ning Lin
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Fan, Liu, Sun), Branch Hospital of Huai’an First People’s Hospital; from the Department of Otolaryngology (Zhang); and from the Department of Clinical Laboratory (Lin), the Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Li J, Zhao M, Luo W, Huang J, Zhao B, Zhou Z. B cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases: signaling pathways and interventions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1232820. [PMID: 37680644 PMCID: PMC10481957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1232820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous disorders believed to stem from the immune system's inability to distinguish between auto- and foreign- antigens. B lymphocytes serve a crucial role in humoral immunity as they generate antibodies and present antigens. Dysregulation of B cell function induce the onset of autoimmune disorders by generating autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in an imbalance in immune regulation. New research in immunometabolism shows that cellular metabolism plays an essential role in controlling B lymphocytes immune reactions by providing the energy and substrates for B lymphocytes activation, differentiation, and function. However, dysregulated immunometabolism lead to autoimmune diseases by disrupting self-tolerance mechanisms. This review summarizes the latest research on metabolic reprogramming of B lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases, identifying crucial pathways and regulatory factors. Moreover, we consider the potential of metabolic interventions as a promising therapeutic strategy. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms of B cells brings us closer to developing novel therapies for autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjiu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Furong Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Wang J, Bian L, Du Y, Wang D, Jiang R, Lu J, Zhao X. The roles of chemokines following intracerebral hemorrhage in animal models and humans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1091498. [PMID: 36704330 PMCID: PMC9871786 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one common yet devastating stroke subtype, imposing considerable burdens on families and society. Current guidelines are limited to symptomatic treatments after ICH, and the death rate remains significant in the acute stage. Thus, it is crucial to promote research to develop new targets on brain injury after ICH. In response to hematoma formation, amounts of chemokines are released in the brain, triggering the infiltration of resident immune cells in the brain and the chemotaxis of peripheral immune cells via the broken blood-brain barrier. During the past decades, mounting studies have focused on the roles of chemokines and their receptors in ICH injury. This review summarizes the latest advances in the study of chemokine functions in the ICH. First, we provide an overview of ICH epidemiology and underlying injury mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ICH. Second, we introduce the biology of chemokines and their receptors in brief. Third, we outline the roles of chemokines in ICH according to subgroups, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL12, CCL17, CXCL8, CXCL12, and CX3CL1. Finally, we summarize current drug usage targeting chemokines in ICH and other cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. This review discusses the expressions of these chemokines and receptors under normal or hemorrhagic conditions and cell-specific sources. Above all, we highlight the related data of these chemokines in the progression and outcomes of the ICH disease in preclinical and clinical studies and point to therapeutic opportunities targeting chemokines productions and interactions in treating ICH, such as accelerating hematoma absorption and alleviating brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liheng Bian
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingjing Lu, ✉
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Xingquan Zhao, ✉
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10
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Bui TA, Jickling GC, Winship IR. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041333. [PMID: 36620775 PMCID: PMC9813499 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Restoring blood flow through recanalization is currently the only acute treatment for cerebral ischemia. Unfortunately, many patients that achieve a complete recanalization fail to regain functional independence. Recent studies indicate that activation of peripheral immune cells, particularly neutrophils, may contribute to microcirculatory failure and futile recanalization. Stroke primarily affects the elderly population, and mortality after endovascular therapies is associated with advanced age. Previous analyses of differential gene expression across injury status and age identify ischemic stroke as a complex age-related disease. It also suggests robust interactions between stroke injury, aging, and inflammation on a cellular and molecular level. Understanding such interactions is crucial in developing effective protective treatments. The global stroke burden will continue to increase with a rapidly aging human population. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of age-dependent vulnerability are poorly defined. In this review, we will discuss how neutrophil-specific gene expression patterns may contribute to poor treatment responses in stroke patients. We will also discuss age-related transcriptional changes that may contribute to poor clinical outcomes and greater susceptibility to cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong An Bui
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R. Winship
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Soltani-Zangbar MS, Parhizkar F, Abdollahi M, Shomali N, Aghebati-Maleki L, Shahmohammadi Farid S, Roshangar L, Mahmoodpoor A, Yousefi M. Immune system-related soluble mediators and COVID-19: basic mechanisms and clinical perspectives. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:131. [PMID: 36038915 PMCID: PMC9421625 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During SARS-CoV-2 infection, an effective immune response provides the first line of defense; however, excessive inflammatory innate immunity and impaired adaptive immunity may harm tissues. Soluble immune mediators are involved in the dynamic interaction of ligands with membrane-bound receptors to maintain and restore health after pathological events. In some cases, the dysregulation of their expression can lead to disease pathology. In this literature review, we described current knowledge of the basic features of soluble immune mediators and their dysregulation during SARS-CoV-2 infections and highlighted their contribution to disease severity and mortality. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Parhizkar
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abdollahi
- School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sima Shahmohammadi Farid
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sehgal A, Behl T, Singh S, Sharma N, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Aleya L, Sharma A, Bungau S. Exploring the pivotal role of endothelin in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1555-1567. [PMID: 36029362 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A chronic inflammatory disorder, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and systemic disease characterized by progressive and prolonged destruction of joints. This results in increased mortality, physical disability and destruction. Cardiovascular disorders are one of the primary causes of mortality in patients with RA. It is multifactorial in nature and includes genetic, environmental and demographic factors which contribute to the severity of disease. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide which acts as a potent vasoconstrictor and is generated through vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Endothelins may be responsible for RA, as under certain circumstances they produce reactive oxygen species which further promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This enhances the production of superoxide anion, which activates pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in RA. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role of endothelin in the progression of RA. This review also summarizes the natural and synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs which have provided remarkable insights in targeting endothelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Aditi Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.,Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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Liu Y, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Chen H, Zhou Z. Altered expression of Tim family molecules and an imbalanced ratio of Tim-3 to Tim-1 expression in patients with type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937109. [PMID: 35966054 PMCID: PMC9366857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins are immunomodulatory molecules that play key roles in the regulation of T-cell activation. Published studies have reported that Tim molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which T cells mediate the destruction of islet β cells. However, the expression of Tim molecules in T1D remains unclear. In this study, we measured the expression of Tim family molecules as well as T-cell subset-specific transcription factors in T1D patients, and we explored the possible involvement of Tim molecules in the pathogenesis of T1D. METHODS Ninety T1D patients, Thirty-six type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and forty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, RNA was extracted from the PBMCs and reverse transcribed into cDNA, and gene expression patterns were analysed by RT-qPCR. The expression of Tim molecules in different T-cell subsets was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Compared with that in HCs, the mRNA expression of Tim-1 and RORC was increased in T1D patients (P=0.0355 and P=0.0423, respectively), while the expression of Tim-3 was decreased (P=0.0013). In addition, compared with HCs, the ratio of Tim-3 to Tim-1 expression in diabetic patients was decreased (P<0.0001 for T1D and P=0.0387 for T2D). The ratios of T-Bet to GATA3 expression and RORC to FOXP3 expression were higher in T1D patients than in HCs (P=0.0042 and P=0.0066, respectively). Furthermore, the T1D patients with defective islet function had more significant imbalances in the Tim-3/Tim-1 and RORC/FOXP3 ratios (P<0.0001, and P=0.001, respectively). Moreover, Both Tim-3 expression in CD4+ T cells and the Tim-3 to Tim-1 ratio were elevated in T1D in the remission phase compared to T1D. CONCLUSION Our study revealed altered expression of Tim molecules in T1D patients. The imbalanced ratios of Tim-3/Tim-1 expression were more pronounced in T1D patients with defective islet function. However, alterations in Tim molecule expression are mitigated in T1D in the remission phase. All these findings suggest that Tim family molecules may be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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