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Xiao B, Li G, Gulizeba H, Liu H, Sima X, Zhou T, Huang Y. Choline metabolism reprogramming mediates an immunosuppressive microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by promoting tumor-associated macrophage functional polarization and endothelial cell proliferation. J Transl Med 2024; 22:442. [PMID: 38730286 PMCID: PMC11084143 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer is a prevalent malignancy globally, and immunotherapy has revolutionized its treatment. However, resistance to immunotherapy remains a challenge. Abnormal cholinesterase (ChE) activity and choline metabolism are associated with tumor oncogenesis, progression, and poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Yet, the precise mechanism underlying the relationship between ChE, choline metabolism and tumor immune microenvironment in lung cancer, and the response and resistance of immunotherapy still unclear. METHODS Firstly, 277 advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving first-line immunotherapy in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were enrolled in the study. Pretreatment and the alteration of ChE after 2 courses of immunotherapy and survival outcomes were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival and cox regression analysis were performed, and nomogram was conducted to identify the prognostic and predicted values. Secondly, choline metabolism-related genes were screened using Cox regression, and a prognostic model was constructed. Functional enrichment analysis and immune microenvironment analysis were also conducted. Lastly, to gain further insights into potential mechanisms, single-cell analysis was performed. RESULTS Firstly, baseline high level ChE and the elevation of ChE after immunotherapy were significantly associated with better survival outcomes for advanced NSCLC. Constructed nomogram based on the significant variables from the multivariate Cox analysis performed well in discrimination and calibration. Secondly, 4 choline metabolism-related genes (MTHFD1, PDGFB, PIK3R3, CHKB) were screened and developed a risk signature that was found to be related to a poorer prognosis. Further analysis revealed that the choline metabolism-related genes signature was associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, immune escape and metabolic reprogramming. scRNA-seq showed that MTHFD1 was specifically distributed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), mediating the differentiation and immunosuppressive functions of macrophages, which may potentially impact endothelial cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the discovery of ChE as a prognostic marker in advanced NSCLC, suggesting its potential for identifying patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. Additionally, we developed a prognostic signature based on choline metabolism-related genes, revealing the correlation with the immunosuppressive microenvironment and uncovering the role of MTHFD1 in macrophage differentiation and endothelial cell proliferation, providing insights into the intricate workings of choline metabolism in NSCLC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijing Xiao
- Medical Oncology Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai Southern Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimiti Gulizeba
- Medical Oncology Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Medical Oncology Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxian Sima
- Medical Oncology Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Medical Oncology Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Medical Oncology Department, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Xie Y, Li J, Tao Q, Wu Y, Liu Z, Zeng C, Chen Y. Identification of glutamine metabolism-related gene signature to predict colorectal cancer prognosis. J Cancer 2024; 15:3199-3214. [PMID: 38706895 PMCID: PMC11064262 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly malignant gastrointestinal malignancy with a poor prognosis, which imposes a significant burden on patients and healthcare providers globally. Previous studies have established that genes related to glutamine metabolism play a crucial role in the development of CRC. However, no studies have yet explored the prognostic significance of these genes in CRC. Methods: CRC patient data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), while glutamine metabolism-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) database. Univariate COX regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression were utilized to identify 15 glutamine metabolism-related genes associated with CRC prognosis. The risk scores were calculated and stratified into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. The model's efficacy was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Cox regression analysis was employed to determine the risk score as an independent prognostic factor for CRC. Differential immune cell infiltration between the high-risk and low-risk groups was assessed using the ssGSEA method. The clinical applicability of the model was validated by constructing nomograms based on age, gender, clinical staging, and risk scores. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression levels of core genes. Results: We identified 15 genes related to glutamine metabolism in CRC: NLGN1, RIMKLB, UCN, CALB1, SYT4, WNT3A, NRCAM, LRFN4, PHGDH, GRM1, CBLN1, NRG1, GLYATL1, CBLN2, and VWC2. Compared to the high-risk group, the low-risk group demonstrated longer overall survival (OS) for CRC. Clinical correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the risk score and the clinical stage and TNM stage of CRC. Immune correlation analysis indicated a predominance of Th2 cells in the low-risk group. The nomogram exhibited excellent discriminatory ability for OS in CRC. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the core gene CBLN1 was expressed at a lower level in CRC, while GLYATL1 was expressed at a higher level. Conclusions: In summary, we have successfully identified and comprehensively analyzed a gene signature associated with glutamine metabolism in CRC for the first time. This gene signature consistently and reliably predicts the prognosis of CRC patients, indicating its potential as a metabolic target for individuals with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Qing Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Zide Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
| | - Chunyan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Youxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, digestive disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Zhang T, Liu J, Wang M, Liu X, Qu J, Zhang H. Prognosis stratification and response to treatment in breast cancer based on one-carbon metabolism-related signature. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1288909. [PMID: 38239641 PMCID: PMC10794736 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1288909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in the female population. Despite staging and treatment consensus guidelines, significant heterogeneity exists in BC patients' prognosis and treatment efficacy. Alterations in one-carbon (1C) metabolism are critical for tumor growth, but the value of the role of 1C metabolism in BC has not been fully investigated. Methods To investigate the prognostic value of 1C metabolism-related genes in BC, 72 1C metabolism-related genes from GSE20685 dataset were used to construct a risk-score model via univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm, which was validated on three external datasets. Based on the risk score, all BC patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups. The predictive ability of the model in the four datasets was verified by plotting Kaplan-Meier curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The candidate genes were then analyzed in relation to gene mutations, gene enrichment pathways, immune infiltration, immunotherapy, and drug sensitivity. Results We identified a 7-gene 1C metabolism-related signature for prognosis and structured a prognostic model. ROC analysis demonstrated that the model accurately predicted the 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rate of BC patients in the four cohorts. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that survival time of high-risk patients was markedly shorter than that of low-risk patients (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, high-risk patients had a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), enrichment of tumor-associated pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, lower levels of T follicular helper (Tfh) and B cells naive infiltration, and poorer response to immunotherapy. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between MAT2B and CHKB and immune checkpoints. Discussion These findings offer new insights into the effect of 1C metabolism in the onset, progression, and therapy of BC and can be used to assess BC patients' prognosis, study immune infiltration, and develop potentially more effective clinical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jia Qu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yue SY, Niu D, Liu XH, Li WY, Ding K, Fang HY, Wu XD, Li C, Guan Y, Du HX. BLCA prognostic model creation and validation based on immune gene-metabolic gene combination. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:232. [PMID: 38103068 PMCID: PMC10725402 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent urinary system malignancy. Understanding the interplay of immunological and metabolic genes in BLCA is crucial for prognosis and treatment. METHODS Immune/metabolism genes were extracted, their expression profiles analyzed. NMF clustering found prognostic genes. Immunocyte infiltration and tumor microenvironment were examined. Risk prognostic signature using Cox/LASSO methods was developed. Immunological Microenvironment and functional enrichment analysis explored. Immunotherapy response and somatic mutations evaluated. RT-qPCR validated gene expression. RESULTS We investigated these genes in 614 BLCA samples, identifying relevant prognostic genes. We developed a predictive feature and signature comprising 7 genes (POLE2, AHNAK, SHMT2, NR2F1, TFRC, OAS1, CHKB). This immune and metabolism-related gene (IMRG) signature showed superior predictive performance across multiple datasets and was independent of clinical indicators. Immunotherapy response and immune cell infiltration correlated with the risk score. Functional enrichment analysis revealed distinct biological pathways between low- and high-risk groups. The signature demonstrated higher prediction accuracy than other signatures. qRT-PCR confirmed differential gene expression and immunotherapy response. CONCLUSIONS The model in our work is a novel assessment tool to measure immunotherapy's effectiveness and anticipate BLCA patients' prognosis, offering new avenues for immunological biomarkers and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Yue
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Niu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Hong Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Yi Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ye Fang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Dong Wu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - He-Xi Du
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Alzamami A. Implications of single-cell immune landscape of tumor microenvironment for the colorectal cancer diagnostics and therapy. Med Oncol 2023; 40:352. [PMID: 37950801 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) originates from the polyps lining the colon and is among the most common types of cancer. With the increasing popularity of single-cell sequencing technologies, researchers have been able to better understand the immune landscape of colorectal cancer, by analyzing their expression and interactions in detail with the tumor microenvironment (TME) at single-cell level. Since the tumor-immune cell interactions play a critical part in the advancement as well as treatment response in colorectal cancer, the release of inhibitory factors such as T cells are important for recognizing and destroying cancer cells. Such information is vital to identify immunotherapeutic targets for cure and monitoring response to treatments. Therefore, a comprehensive single-cell studies-based overview of key immunogenic agents regulating the TME of CRC is provided in this review. Tumor-associated macrophages can promote tumor growth and resistance to treatment by releasing factors that inhibit the function of other immune cells. Additionally, colorectal cancer cells can express programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand, which can also inhibit T-cell function. Researchers have found that certain types of immune cells, prominently T cells, natural killer, and dendritic cells, can have a positive impact on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Treatments like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T therapies that help to release the inhibitory signals from the cancer cells allow the immune cells to function more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, 11961, Al-Quwayiyah, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhu Q, Rao B, Chen Y, Jia P, Wang X, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhao W, Hu C, Tang M, Yu K, Chen W, Pan L, Xu Y, Luo H, Wang K, Li B, Shi H. In silico development and in vitro validation of a novel five-gene signature for prognostic prediction in colon cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:45-65. [PMID: 36777511 PMCID: PMC9906087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in digestive system, and its prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, this study aimed to identify gene signatures that could effectively predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients by examining the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. LASSO-Cox regression analysis generated a five-gene signature (DCBLD2, RAB11FIP1, CTLA4, HOXC6 and KRT6A) that was associated with patient survival in the TCGA cohort. The prognostic value of this gene signature was further validated in two independent GEO datasets. GO enrichment revealed that the function of this gene signature was mainly associated with extracellular matrix organization, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and extracellular matrix structural constituent. Moreover, a nomogram was established to facilitate the clinical application of this signature. The relationships among the gene signature, mutational landscape and immune infiltration cells were also investigated. Importantly, this gene signature also reliably predicted the overall survival in IMvigor210 anti-PD-L1 cohort. In addition to the bioinformatics study, we also conducted a series of in vitro experiments to demonstrate the effect of the signature genes on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells. Collectively, our data demonstrated that this five-gene signature might serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and shed light on the development of personalized treatment in colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Benqiang Rao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongbing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingping Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingdong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanni Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaiying Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Pan
- Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032, Yunnan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032, Yunnan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091, Yunnan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091, Yunnan, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and NutritionBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market RegulationBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China,Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijing 100038, The People’s Republic of China
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