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Zhang C, Li H, Zhao Q, Wang L, Hou G, Shi Q, Wu T, Gao G, Zhang Z. Drug resistance and pathogenicity characteristics of Escherichia coli causing pneumonia in farmed foxes. Front Vet Sci 2025; 12:1567009. [PMID: 40271487 PMCID: PMC12016882 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1567009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality in fur-bearing animals, posing significant threat to fur production. To clarify the pathogenic agent of bacterial pneumonia in farmed foxes from eastern Hebei province, China, we performed bacterial isolation and identification from samples between 2020 and 2023. A total of 142 bacterial strains were isolated, of which 101 were identified as Escherichia coli (E. coli), indicating that E. coli is the major cause responsible for bacterial pneumonia in farmed foxes. Serotyping identification showed that a total of 8 serotypes were prevalent in the E. coli isolates, with O1, O8, O78 and O12 being the dominant ones. Five E. coli isolates were randomly picked for pathogenicity testing, and all of them were able to cause pneumonia symptoms in 6-week-old Kunming mice, accompanied by organ damage in lung. Eleven virulence genes were demonstrated present among the E. coli isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that 78 of 101 E. coli strains exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR), with the highest resistance rates against tetracyclines, and some strains showed resistance to carbapenems. Notably, no single antibiotic was effective against all strains. Twenty antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected among the isolates. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed 11 sequence types (STs) among 19 E. coli isolates, with ST-101 predominating (4/19). These findings enhance our understanding of the epidemiology, resistance traits, and pathogenicity of fox-derived pathogenic E. coli in Hebei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hong Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Guanxin Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Guangping Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
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Fneish FH, Abd El Galil KH, Domiati SA. Evaluation of Single and Multi-Strain Probiotics with Gentamicin Against E. coli O157:H7: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Microorganisms 2025; 13:460. [PMID: 40005825 PMCID: PMC11858083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2025] [Revised: 02/09/2025] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant food-borne pathogens, especially Escherichia coli O157:H7, highlights the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies, particularly in light of rising resistances and the ongoing controversy surrounding antibiotic use in response to E. coli O157:H7 infections. To address this issue, we explored the potential of single- and multi-strain probiotics, both independently and in combination with gentamicin, through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, gentamicin alone produced a mean inhibition zone of 12.9 ± 2.27 mm against E. coli O157:H7. The combination of gentamicin with single-strain probiotics (P1) increased the inhibition zone to 16.5 ± 2.24 mm (p < 0.05), while the combination with multi-strain probiotics (P2) resulted in the largest inhibition zone of 19 ± 2.8 mm (p < 0.05). In vivo, mice infected with E. coli O157:H7 and treated with P2, gentamicin (G), or their combination (G+P2), achieved 100% survival, no pathological symptoms, and full weight recovery within seven days. Conversely, mice treated with P1 or G+P1 exhibited lower survival rates (71.4% and 85%, respectively) and slower weight recovery. Hematological parameters improved across all groups, but kidney function analysis showed significantly higher serum creatinine levels in the P1, G, G+P1, and G+P2 groups compared to the P2 group (P1: 0.63 ± 0.15 mg/dL; G: 0.34 ± 0.09 mg/dL; G+P1: 0.53 ± 0.19 mg/dL; G+P2: 0.5 ± 0.23 mg/dL vs. P2: 0.24 ± 0.2 mg/dL). Histological analysis showed better intestinal and kidney tissue recovery in the P2 group, while the P1 and G+P1 groups exhibited abnormal ileal structures and severe cortical bleeding. These findings highlight the promise of multi-strain probiotics, alone or in conjunction with antibiotics, as a therapeutic strategy for E. coli O157:H7 infections. However, the nephrotoxicity associated with gentamicin co-administration remains a limitation, warranting further studies to optimize this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima H. Fneish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Khaled H. Abd El Galil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Souraya A. Domiati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon;
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Kavanagh D, Ardissino G, Brocklebank V, Bouwmeester RN, Bagga A, Ter Heine R, Johnson S, Licht C, Ma ALT, Noris M, Praga M, Rondeau E, Sinha A, Smith RJH, Sheerin NS, Trimarchi H, Wetzels JFM, Vivarelli M, Van de Kar NCAJ, Greenbaum LA. Outcomes from the International Society of Nephrology Hemolytic Uremic Syndromes International Forum. Kidney Int 2024; 106:1038-1050. [PMID: 39395628 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Hemolytic uremic syndromes (HUSs) are a heterogeneous group of conditions, only some of which are mediated by complement (complement-mediated HUS). We report the outcome of the 2023 International Society of Nephrology HUS International Forum where a global panel of experts considered the current state of the art, identified areas of uncertainty, and proposed optimal solutions. Areas of uncertainty and areas for future research included the nomenclature of HUS, novel complement testing strategies, identification of biomarkers, genetic predisposition to atypical HUS, optimal dosing and withdrawal strategies for C5 inhibitors, treatment of kidney transplant recipients, disparity of access to treatment, and the next generation of complement inhibitors in complement-mediated HUS. The current rationale for optimal patient management is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kavanagh
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Gianluigi Ardissino
- Center for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) Prevention, Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Vicky Brocklebank
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Romy N Bouwmeester
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Bagga
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sally Johnson
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital, Sir James Spence Institute, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Licht
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L T Ma
- Paediatric Nephrology Centre, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marina Noris
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases Aldo e Cele Daccò, Ranica, Italy
| | - Manuel Praga
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Rondeau
- Intensive Care Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Aditi Sinha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Neil S Sheerin
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Complement Therapeutics Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - H Trimarchi
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Britanico de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jack F M Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Vivarelli
- Division of Nephrology, Laboratory of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole C A J Van de Kar
- Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Larry A Greenbaum
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Jo M, Hwang S, Lee CG, Hong JE, Kang DH, Yoo SH, Kim WS, Yoo JY, Rhee KJ. Promotion of Colitis in B Cell-Deficient C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:364. [PMID: 38203534 PMCID: PMC10778593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) causes colitis and is implicated in inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. The ETBF-secreted B. fragilis toxin (BFT) causes cleavage of the adherence junction, the E-cadherin, resulting in the large intestine showing IL-17A inflammation in wild-type (WT) mice. However, intestinal pathology by ETBF infection is not fully understood in B-cell-deficient mice. In this study, ETBF-mediated inflammation was characterized in B-cell-deficient mice (muMT). WT or muMT C57BL/6J mice were orally inoculated with ETBF and examined for intestinal inflammation. The indirect indicators for colitis (loss of body weight and cecum weight, as well as mortality) were increased in muMT mice compared to WT mice. Histopathology and inflammatory genes (Nos2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, and Cxcl1) were elevated and persisted in the large intestine of muMT mice compared with WT mice during chronic ETBF infection. However, intestinal IL-17A expression was comparable between WT and muMT mice during infection. Consistently, flow cytometry analysis applied to the mesenteric lymph nodes showed a similar Th17 immune response in both WT and muMT mice. Despite elevated ETBF colonization, the ETBF-infected muMT mice showed no histopathology or inflammation in the small intestine. In conclusion, B cells play a protective role in ETBF-induced colitis, and IL-17A inflammation is not attributed to prompted colitis in B-cell-deficient mice. Our data support the fact that B cells are required to ameliorate ETBF infection-induced colitis in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Jo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ju-Eun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Da-Hye Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Sang-Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Woo-Seung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jung-Yoon Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ki-Jong Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University Mirae Campus, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.H.); (C.-G.L.); (J.-E.H.); (D.-H.K.); (S.-H.Y.); (W.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.)
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