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Chen YH, Hsieh CY, Chiou CT, Caro EJGV, Tayo LL, Tsai PW. In Vitro and In Silico Studies on the Anti-H1N1 Activity of Bioactive Compounds from Marine-Derived Streptomyces ardesiacus. Mar Drugs 2025; 23:149. [PMID: 40278270 PMCID: PMC12028705 DOI: 10.3390/md23040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2025] [Revised: 03/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/26/2025] Open
Abstract
This study explores the potential anti-H1N1 Influenza A activity of bioactive compounds extracted from Streptomyces ardesiacus, a marine-derived microorganism known for producing diverse secondary metabolites. Four major compounds-1-acetyl-β-carboline, 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, anthranilic acid, and indole-3-carboxylic acid-were isolated and characterized through NMR. Among these, the identified structure of 1-acetyl-β-carboline showed the highest IC50 effect, with a dose of 9.71 μg/mL in anti-influenza assays. Using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses, the interactions of these compounds with key proteins involved in H1N1 pathogenesis were examined. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed CDC25B, PARP1, and PTGS2 as key targets, associating these compounds with pathways related to catalytic activity, inflammation, and cell cycle regulation. The molecular docking results demonstrated that 1-acetyl-β-carboline exhibited binding affinities comparable to Tamiflu, the positive control drug, with LibDock scores of 81.89, 77.49, and 89.21 for CDC25B, PARP1, and PTGS2, respectively, compared to Tamiflu's scores of 84.34, 86.13, and 91.29. These findings highlight the potential of the active compound 1-acetyl-β-carboline from S. ardesiacus as a novel anti-influenza agent, offering insights into their molecular mechanisms of action. The results support further in vitro and in vivo studies to validate the observed inhibitory mechanisms and therapeutic applications against H1N1 Influenza A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Husan Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Natural Products Resources of Marine Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China;
- Fujian Provincial University Marine Biomedical Resources Engineering Research Center, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National I-Lan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Tang Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Engelo John Gabriel V. Caro
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines;
| | - Lemmuel L. Tayo
- Department of Biology, School of Health Sciences, Mapúa University, Makati 1200, Philippines
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;
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Chen X, Gulbahar K, Ding H, Nie C, Gao X. Comparative analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics reveals novel mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity and immune-enhancing properties of horse milk. Front Nutr 2025; 12:1512669. [PMID: 40135224 PMCID: PMC11932903 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1512669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Horse milk is a highly valuable organic food that is a promising alternative to cow milk, exhibiting plenty of healthy and immune benefits to human. However, identification of proteins associated human wellness and underlying molecular mechanism in horse milk remain unclear. Methodology Label-free mass spectrometry-based protein quantification technology was employed to investigate protein composition of animal milk, including cow, goat, camel and horse milk. Prokaryotic expression and disk diffusion assay were applied to acquire and evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of candidate proteins. RAW264.7 macrophage model cell line was used to validate effect of proteins on cytotoxicity, apoptosis and immune induction. ROS probe detected cell ROS change and RT-qPCR verified expression of immune response genes induced by proteins. Microscopy was used to observe the effects of protein on the morphological characteristics of bacteria, further transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate transcriptional changes of bacteria induced by candidate proteins. Results A total of 1,335 proteins was identified in cow, goat, camel and horse milk. GO enrichment analysis showed that the proteins related to protein degradation were highly expressed in horse milk compared to other three types of milk, contributing to easier assimilation and palatability. KEGG analysis showed that horse milk contained abundant antimicrobial associated proteins relevant to pathogenic bacterial resistance, leading to the decreased risk of pathogenic diseases. A higher accumulation of proteins associated with caffeine metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in horse milk contributes to its distinctive flavor. Notably, highly expressed proteins in horse milk were closely linked to immune signaling pathways, functioning as immune modulators. Importantly, we identified four highly expressed antimicrobial associated proteins in horse milk including LPO, B2M, CD14 and PGL, among them, PGL functioned dually by in vitro antibacterial activity and immune activation. Further transcriptome analysis demonstrated that PGL exerted significant transcriptional changes to bacteria. Enrichment analysis showed PGL could inhibit growth of P. aeruginosa and E. coli by repressing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Conclusion Comparative proteomics revealed immune enhancement and nutrient composition of horse milk compared to cow, goat and camel milk. Identification of PGL showed antibacterial activity and potential medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kawuli Gulbahar
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Changhong Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang and Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
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Shieu MK, Lin CC, Ho HY, Lo YS, Chuang YC, Hsieh MJ. Picrasidine I Regulates Apoptosis in Melanoma Cell Lines by Activating ERK and JNK Pathways and Suppressing AKT Signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:5309-5320. [PMID: 39194337 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
World Health Organization data indicate a continuous increase in melanoma incidence, with metastatic melanoma characterized by poor prognosis and drug resistance. The exploration of therapeutics derived from natural products remains an active area of in vitro research. The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor effects of picrasidine I, a natural compound extracted from Picrasma quassioides, against two melanoma cell lines. We selected two metastatic melanoma cell lines, HMY-1 and A2058, for molecular studies, including Western blotting, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and flow cytometry. Picrasidine I demonstrated cytotoxic effects against the HMY-1 and A2058 melanoma cell lines. It induced cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase and downregulated cell cycle-related proteins (e.g., cyclin A2, D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4, and 6). In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, picrasidine I activated proapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bax, Bak, t-Bid, BimL/S) and suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), with an observed increase in the quantity of depolarized cells. In addition, the apoptotic effects of picrasidine I were linked to the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways and the inhibition of the protein kinase B signaling pathway. A human apoptosis array indicated claspin inhibition upon picrasidine I treatment, suggesting the potential involvement of picrasidine I in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Our findings suggest that picrasidine I has potential as a candidate for treating advanced melanoma, and thus these findings warrant further investigation. The modulation of claspin expression by picrasidine I could be investigated further as a potential biomarker to predict its efficacy in related to advanced stages of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Kuei Shieu
- Department of Dermatology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Qin H, Qi T, Xu J, Wang T, Zeng H, Yang J, Yu F. Integration of ubiquitination-related genes in predictive signatures for prognosis and immunotherapy response in sarcoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1446522. [PMID: 39469643 PMCID: PMC11513255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1446522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitination is one of the most prevalent and complex post-translational modifications of proteins in eukaryotes, playing a critical role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. Targeting ubiquitination pathways, either through inhibition or activation, holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. However, the expression patterns, prognostic significance, and underlying mechanisms of ubiquitination-related genes (URGs) in sarcoma (SARC) remain unclear. Methods We analyzed URG expression patterns and prognostic implications in TCGA-SARC using public databases, identifying DEGs related to ubiquitination among SARC molecular subtypes. Functional enrichment analysis elucidated their biological significance. Prognostic signatures were developed using LASSO-Cox regression, and a predictive nomogram was constructed. External validation was performed using GEO datasets and clinical tissue samples. The association between URG risk scores and various clinical parameters, immune response, drug sensitivity, and RNA modification regulators was investigated. Integration of data from multiple sources and RT-qPCR confirmed upregulated expression of prognostic URGs in SARC. Single-cell RNA sequencing data analyzed URG distribution across immune cell types. Prediction analysis identified potential target genes of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. Results We identified five valuable genes (CALR, CASP3, BCL10, PSMD7, PSMD10) and constructed a prognostic model, simultaneously identifying two URG-related subtypes in SARC. The UEGs between subtypes in SARC are mainly enriched in pathways such as Cell cycle, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interaction. Analysis of URG risk scores reveals that patients with a low-risk score have better prognoses compared to those with high-risk scores. There is a significant correlation between DRG riskscore and clinical features, immune therapy response, drug sensitivity, and genes related to pan-RNA epigenetic modifications. High-risk SARC patients were identified as potential beneficiaries of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We established regulatory axes in SARC, including CALR/hsa-miR-29c-3p/LINC00943, CASP3/hsa-miR-143-3p/LINC00944, and MIR503HG. RT-qPCR data further confirmed the upregulation of prognostic URGs in SARC. Finally, we validated the prognostic model's excellent predictive performance in predicting outcomes for SARC patients. Conclusion We discovered a significant correlation between aberrant expression of URGs and prognosis in SARC patients, identifying a prognostic model related to ubiquitination. This model provides a basis for individualized treatment and immunotherapy decisions for SARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Qin
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tianbing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Tan L, Lv W, Chen Y, Dong J, Mao D, Wei R. Modified Sanliangsan Improved Sjogren's Syndrome Complicated with Interstitial Lung Disease by Suppressing Serum MUC1 Levels. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:30392-30403. [PMID: 39035955 PMCID: PMC11256294 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify if the mechanism of Sanliangsan in improving Sjogren's syndrome complicated with interstitial lung disease (SS-ILD) involves MUC1 suppression, which is involved in SS-ILD pathogenesis. METHODS Fifty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups receiving Sanliangsan prescription (SP) therapy and conventional therapy (western medicine). In-depth transcriptome profiles from a large database of SS-ILD patients were collected and analyzed to identify candidate genes involved in SS pathogenesis. Clinical symptom scores, metabolic compositions, lung HRCT (high-resolution computed tomography) scores, and serum MUC1 levels were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and ITC assays were performed to identify bioactive compounds of SP in improving SS. Metabolome analyzed the metabolic composition of serum associated with SS-ILD before and after SP treatment. RESULTS Transcriptome results identified the involvement of abnormal expression of genes relevant to the immune system, inflammatory responses, and signaling pathways. Numerous genes, including CD58, CD86, CTLA4, CXCL8, STAT1, and especially MUC1, were involved in SS pathogenesis and could be used to diagnose SS-ILD early. Both treatments improved the lung HRCT scores and clinical symptoms of SS-ILD. The SP therapy improved SS-ILD more effectively than conventional therapy. Moreover, Sanliangsan prescription therapy reduced serum MUC1 levels and restored the abnormal metabolisms, improving the abnormal inflammatory and immune responses of patients. Eugenol directly interacted with MUC1, suppressed related genes, and was the bioactive compound of SP. SP could partially restore the abnormal metabolisms associated with SS-ILD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Based on conventional Western medicine treatment, modified Sanliangsan can significantly improve the clinical symptoms, signs, and lung function of patients; the mechanism may be due to eugenol and related to MUC1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Tan
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wang Lv
- Department
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Cangzhou
central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jianjian Dong
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Dun Mao
- Department
of Orthopaedic, Community Health Service
Center of Suzhou Science and Technology City, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Department
of Rheumatology and Immunology, The People’s
Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215000, China
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Mo WJ, Liang ZQ, Huang JZ, Huang ZG, Zhi ZF, Chen JH, Chen G, Zeng JJ, Feng ZB. Clinicopathological role of Cyclin A2 in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: Integration of tissue microarrays and ScRNA-Seq. Int J Biol Markers 2024; 39:168-183. [PMID: 38646803 DOI: 10.1177/03936155241238759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comprehensive expression level and potential molecular role of Cyclin A2 (CCNA2) in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) remains undiscovered. METHODS UCEC and normal endometrium tissues from in-house and public databases were collected for investigating protein and messenger RNA expression of CCNA2. The transcription factors of CCNA2 were identified by the Cistrome database. The prognostic significance of CCNA2 in UCEC was evaluated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression as well as Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed to explore cell types in UCEC, and the AUCell algorithm was used to investigate the activity of CCNA2 in different cell types. RESULTS A total of 32 in-house UCEC and 30 normal endometrial tissues as well as 720 UCEC and 165 control samples from public databases were eligible and collected. Integrated calculation showed that the CCNA2 expression was up-regulated in the UCEC tissues (SMD = 2.43, 95% confidence interval 2.23∼2.64). E2F1 and FOXM1 were identified as transcription factors due to the presence of binding peaks on transcription site of CCNA2. CCNA2 predicted worse prognosis in UCEC. However, CCNA2 was not an independent prognostic factor in UCEC. The scRNA-seq analysis disclosed five cell types: B cells, T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and epithelial cells in UCEC. The expression of CCNA2 was mainly located in B cells and T cells. Moreover, CCNA2 was active in T cells and B cells using the AUCell algorithm. CONCLUSION CCNA2 was up-regulated and mainly located in T cells and B cells in UCEC. Overexpression of CCNA2 predicted unfavorable prognosis of UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Mo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zi-Qian Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie-Zhuang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Fu Zhi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Du Y, Ma H, Liu Y, Gong R, Lan Y, Zhao J, Liu G, Lu Y, Wang S, Jia H, Li N, Zhang R, Wang J, Sun G. Major quality regulation network of flavonoid synthesis governing the bioactivity of black wolfberry. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:558-575. [PMID: 38396374 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Black wolfberry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) contains various bioactive metabolites represented by flavonoids, which are quite different among production regions. However, the underlying regulation mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis governing the bioactivity of black wolfberry remains unclear. Presently, we compared the bioactivity of black wolfberry from five production regions. Multi-omics were performed to construct the regulation network associated with the fruit bioactivity. The detailed regulation mechanisms were identified using genetic and molecular methods. Typically, Qinghai (QH) fruit exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The higher medicinal activity of QH fruit was closely associated with the accumulation of eight flavonoids, especially Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (K3R) and Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin). Flavonoid biosynthesis was found to be more active in QH fruit, and the upregulation of LrFLS, LrCHS, LrF3H and LrCYP75B1 caused the accumulation of K3R and rutin, leading to high medicinal bioactivities of black wolfberry. Importantly, transcription factor LrMYB94 was found to regulate LrFLS, LrCHS and LrF3H, while LrWRKY32 directly triggered LrCYP75B1 expression. Moreover, LrMYB94 interacted with LrWRKY32 to promote LrWRKY32-regulated LrCYP75B1 expression and rutin synthesis in black wolfberry. Transgenic black wolfberry overexpressing LrMYB94/LrWRKY32 contained higher levels of K3R and rutin, and exhibited high medicinal bioactivities. Importantly, the LrMYB94/LrWRKY32-regulated flavonoid biosynthesis was light-responsive, showing the importance of light intensity for the medicinal quality of black wolfberry. Overall, our results elucidated the regulation mechanisms of K3R and rutin synthesis, providing the basis for the genetic breeding of high-quality black wolfberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Huiya Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, 810016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Gong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuanghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hongchen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Zhi D, An Z, Li L, Zheng C, Yuan X, Lan Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Ma H, Li N, Wang J. 3-Amide-β-carbolines block the cell cycle by targeting CDK2 and DNA in tumor cells potentially as anti-mitotic agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107216. [PMID: 38387396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
β-Carboline alkaloids are natural and synthetic products with outstanding antitumor activity. C3 substituted and dimerized β-carbolines exert excellent antitumor activity. In the present research, 37 β-carboline derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Their cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and CDK2- and DNA-binding affinity were evaluated. β-Carboline monomer M3 and dimer D4 showed selective activity and higher cytotoxicity in tumor cells than in normal cells. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) indicated that the amide group at C3 enhanced the antitumor activity. M3 blocked the A549 (IC50 = 1.44 ± 1.10 μM) cell cycle in the S phase and inhibited A549 cell migration, while D4 blocked the HepG2 (IC50 = 2.84 ± 0.73 μM) cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, both of which ultimately induced apoptosis. Furthermore, associations of M3 and D4 with CDK2 and DNA were proven by network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, and western blotting. The expression level of CDK2 was downregulated in M3-treated A549 cells and D4-treated HepG2 cells. Moreover, M3 and D4 interact with DNA and CDK2 at sub-micromolar concentrations in endothermic interactions caused by entropy-driven adsorption processes, which means that the favorable entropy change (ΔS > 0) overcomes the unfavorable enthalpy change (ΔH > 0) and drives the spontaneous reaction (ΔG < 0). Overall, these results clarified the antitumor mechanisms of M3 and D4 through disrupting the cell cycle by binding DNA and CDK2, which demonstrated the potential of M3 and D4 as novel antiproliferative drugs targeting mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhi
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiyuan An
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lishan Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chaojia Zheng
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaorong Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinghan Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huiya Ma
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chifeng University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Junru Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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