DOG1 as a novel antibody-drug conjugate target for the treatment of multiple gastrointestinal tumors and liver metastasis

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MET-variant digestive tract tumors

The receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the MET gene plays an important role in various cellular processes such as growth, survival, migration and angiogenesis, and its abnormal activation is closely related to the occurrence and development of various tumors. This article reviews the recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of MET-variant digestive tract tumors. In terms of diagnosis, the application of next-generation sequencing technology and liquid biopsy technology makes the detection of MET variants more accurate and efficient, providing a reliable basis for individualized treatment. In terms of treatment, MET inhibitors such as crizotinib and cabotinib have shown good efficacy in clinical trials. In addition, the combination of immunotherapy and MET inhibitors also demonstrated potential synergies, further improving the therapeutic effect. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of drug resistance mechanisms are still one of the difficulties in current research. In the future, it is necessary to further deepen the understanding of the mechanism of MET variation and explore new combination treatment strategies to improve the overall survival rate and quality of life of patients. The diagnosis and treatment of MET-variant digestive tract tumors are moving towards precision and individualization, and have broad application prospects.

Microtubule dynamics in cancer metastasis: Harnessing the underappreciated potential for therapeutic interventions

Microtubules, dynamic cytoskeletal structures crucial for cellular processes, have surfaced as promising targets for cancer therapy owing to their pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis. This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted landscape of microtubule-targeting drugs and their potential to inihibit cancer metastasis. Although the role of Actin cytoskeleton is well known in controlling metastasis, only recently Microtubules are emerging as a potential controller of metastasis. We delve into the processes at the core of antimetastatic impacts of microtubule-targeting agents, both through direct modulation of microtubules and via alternative pathways. Drawing from in vitro and in vivo studies, we analyze the cytotoxic and antimetastatic doses of various compounds, shedding light on their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging class of microtubule targeting drugs, and their role in metastasis inhibition, such as microtubules acetylation inhibitory drugs, particularly histone deacetylase inihibitors and antibody-drug conjugates. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) strengthens the microtubule cytoskeleton through acetylation. Recently, HDAC inhibitors have been discovered to have antimetastatic properties. Here, the role of HDAC inhibitors in stopping metastasis is discussed with respect to microtubule cytoskeleton. Surprisingly, novel antibody conjugates of microtubule-targeting agents, which are in clinical trials, were found to be antimetastatic. This review discusses these antibody conjugates in detail. Additionally, we elucidate the intricate crosstalk between microtubules and other cytoskeletal proteins, unveiling novel therapeutic strategies for metastasis suppression. By providing a wide-ranging overview of the complex interplay between microtubules and cancer metastasis, this review contributes to the comprehension of cancer's biological mechanisms and the development of innovative therapeutic interventions to mitigate metastatic progression.

The role of anoctamin 1 in liver disease

Liver diseases include all types of viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, liver failure (LF) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver disease is now one of the leading causes of disease and death worldwide, which compels us to better understand the mechanisms involved in the development of liver diseases. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), plays an important role in epithelial cell secretion, proliferation and migration. ANO1 plays a key role in transcriptional regulation as well as in many signalling pathways. It is involved in the genesis, development, progression and/or metastasis of several tumours and other diseases including liver diseases. This paper reviews the role and molecular mechanisms of ANO1 in the development of various liver diseases, aiming to provide a reference for further research on the role of ANO1 in liver diseases and to contribute to the improvement of therapeutic strategies for liver diseases by regulating ANO1.

Drug conjugates for the treatment of lung cancer: from drug discovery to clinical practice

A drug conjugate consists of a cytotoxic drug bound via a linker to a targeted ligand, allowing the targeted delivery of the drug to one or more tumor sites. This approach simultaneously reduces drug toxicity and increases efficacy, with a powerful combination of efficient killing and precise targeting. Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) are the best-known type of drug conjugate, combining the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce adverse reactions by preferentially targeting the payload to the tumor. The structure of ADCs has also provided inspiration for the development of additional drug conjugates. In recent years, drug conjugates such as ADCs, peptide‒drug conjugates (PDCs) and radionuclide drug conjugates (RDCs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The scope and application of drug conjugates have been expanding, including combination therapy and precise drug delivery, and a variety of new conjugation technology concepts have emerged. Additionally, new conjugation technology-based drugs have been developed in industry. In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, drug conjugate therapy has undergone continuous development and made significant progress in treating lung cancer in recent years, offering a promising strategy for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of drug conjugates for lung cancer treatment, including structure-based drug design, mechanisms of action, clinical trials, and side effects. Furthermore, challenges, potential approaches and future prospects are presented.