Growth Performance, Immune Response, Antioxidative Status, and Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Capacity of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) After Dietary Supplementation With Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria, Molina) Seed Powder

Elucidating the Effect of Dietary Laminarin on Striped Catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) Growth Performance, Histological Features, Immune-Antioxidant-Related Genes, and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Infection

Laminarin (LAM) contains immunostimulants and antioxidative macromolecules that help aquatic creatures function and stay healthy. In this regard, striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) with an initial weight of 21.66 ± 1.24 g for each fish and 15 fish per aquarium were placed in 24 glass aquariums (90 L each). Fish fed with LAM at 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg kg-1 represented as (L0, L1, L2, and L3) for 60 days were subsequently challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The findings demonstrated that the fish-administered dietary laminarin (DLAM) significantly (P < 0.001) boosted growth performance, intestinal health, and blood indices, particularly in fish-fed LAM at 400 and 600 mg kg-1. In comparison to the control group, the fish-fed DLAM displayed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in MDA value and a rise in antioxidant (SOD, GPx, and CAT) and immunological indices (Lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, and Complement C3), particularly with higher LAM doses. When compared to other groups, fish fed LAM at 400 and 600 mg kg-1 diet showed increased significant (P < 0.001) levels of SOD, GPx, and CAT genes, while HSP70, IL-1β, and TNF gene expression decreased. According to the histological study, all tissues assessed in fish fed with LAM showed intact structural improvements with increasing DLAM supplementation. Following an A. hydrophila infection challenge, fish groups fed DLAM, specifically 600 mg kg-1, had significantly better survival rates than fish in the control group. As a result, the study found that the study found that striped catfish require 247.6 to 458 mg kg-1 of DLAM to exhibit optimal growth performance, blood indices, antioxidative, immunological response, and infection resistance.

Elucidating the effect of dietary neem (Azadirachta indica) on growth performance, haemato-biochemical, immunonological response, and anti-pathogenic capacity of Nile tilapia juveniles

This investigation attempts to evaluate the effect of diet additives via aqueous or ethanolic herbal extracts from Azadirachta indica leaves on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five dietary categories were assigned to the fish: the first category (N1, with no extract) was kept under control conditions; two categories contained aqueous extract (N2 (1.0 g/kg) and N3 (2.0 g/kg); and two categories contained ethanolic extract, N4 (1.0 g/kg) and N5 (2.0 g/kg), with each group being fed for 60 days. After the feeding trial, Aeromonas hydrophila was injected intraperitoneally into fish for 14 days; fish mortality was recorded during this period. The results showed that the fish-fed dietary A. indica significantly improved growth performance and intestinal health (digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology), especially in the N4 and N5 categories. However, N4 and N5 categories demonstrated a significant decrease in AST and ALT activities and an increase in total protein, serum albumin, globulin, growth hormone (GH), leptin hormone (LEP), hemoglobin, white blood cells, and hematocrit (P  < 0.05) in comparison with the control category (N1). Compared to the control category, the N4 and N5 categories have revealed a significant reduction in MDA activity and improvements in immunological activities (lysozyme, complement C3, and nitric oxide) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPX). Moreover, in tilapia-fed A. indica, the expression of IL-8, IL-1β, and Nf-κb genes was downregulated partially in the N4 and N5 categories than the control category. In contrast, the lysozyme, C3, GPX, and CAT genes were upregulated partially at N4 and N5 compared to the control category. Following the bacterial challenge, fish in the N4 and N5 categories also displayed the lowest fish mortality compared to the control category. The ethanolic extract displayed a more potent resistance against the parasite Cichlidogyrus tilapia in vitro than the aqueous and control categories, partially at 2 g/L. According to these findings, an ethanolic neem extract (2.0 g/kg feed) activates the immune system and antioxidant response in Nile tilapia fingerlings, improving growth and fish resistance to parasitic and bacterial infections.

Heavy Metal Levels and Cancer Risk Assessments of the Commercial Denis, Sparus aurata Collected from Bardawil Lake and Private Fish Farm Waters as a Cultured Source, Egypt

Heavy metal pollution of natural and cultivated habitats may be caused by agricultural, industrial, and human activities. Fish living in these habitats easily accumulate metals in their organs; for food safety and human health, the heavy metals in fish flesh are of major concern due to the harmful nature of these pollutants even in low quantities. In this study, metals (Iron, Fe; Lead, Pb; Cadmium, Cd; Nickel, Ni; Copper, Cu and Zinc, Zn) in the muscle, liver, intestine, and gill of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, Denis is local name) were monitored to determine the contamination levels and to investigate the protective impact of cooking methods on the reduction or mitigation of metal levels. Although the Denis samples exhibited relatively low Pb and Cd levels, most fish samples had elevated levels of Fe and Zn. The examined metals accumulated at the highest level in the liver and gills compared to the other organs. Results showed that cooking methods had a considerable effect on concentrations of metals. However, the levels of metal in S. aurata from various sources were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by frying, microwave, and grilling cooking, which was ordered in the following sequence as microwave cooking < grilling < frying. The consumption of Denis fish from different sources (wild and cultured) has no negative effects on health, according to a study of health hazards based on indices of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic. The metal results indicated that different fish sources (wild and cultured) could be acceptable for human consumption. Data hypothesized a positive impact of awareness among the native community.