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Rodrigues AF, Todiras M, Qadri F, Alenina N, Bader M. Angiotensin deficient FVB/N mice are normotensive. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1843-1861. [PMID: 36740662 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE All previous rodent models lacking the peptide hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) were hypotensive. A mixed background strain with global deletion of the angiotensinogen gene was backcrossed to the FVB/N background (Agt-KO), a strain preferred for transgenic generation. Surprisingly, the resulting line turned out to be normotensive. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the unique blood pressure regulation of FVB/N mice without angiotensin peptides. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Acute and chronic recordings of blood pressure (BP) in freely-moving adult mice were performed to establish baseline BP. The pressure responses to sympatholytic and sympathomimetic as well as a nitric oxide inhibitor and donor compounds were used to quantify the neurogenic tone and endothelial function. The role of the renal nerves on baseline BP maintenance was tested by renal denervation. Finally, further phenotyping was done by gene expression analysis, histology and measurement of metabolites in plasma, urine and tissues. KEY RESULTS Baseline BP in adult FVB/N Agt-KO was unexpectedly unaltered. As compensatory mechanisms Agt-KO presented an increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced endothelial nitric oxide production. However, FVB/N Agt-KO exhibited the renal morphological and physiological alterations previously found in mice lacking the production of Ang II including polyuria and hydronephrosis. The hypotensive effect of bilateral renal denervation was blunted in Agt-KO compared to wildtype FVB/N mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We describe a germline Agt-KO line that challenges all previous knowledge on BP regulation in mice with deletion of the classical RAS. This line may represent a model of drug-resistant hypertension because it lacks hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Felipe Rodrigues
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Fatimunnisa Qadri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Paricalcitol Improves the Angiopoietin/Tie-2 and VEGF/VEGFR2 Signaling Pathways in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245316. [PMID: 36558475 PMCID: PMC9783872 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal endothelial cell (EC) injury and microvascular dysfunction contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, increasing evidence has suggested that EC undergoes an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), which might promote fibrosis. Adriamycin (ADR) induces glomerular endothelial dysfunction, which leads to progressive proteinuria in rodents. The activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in endothelial function modulation, cell differentiation, and suppression of the expression of fibrotic markers by regulating the production of nitric oxide (NO) by activating the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the kidneys. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paricalcitol treatment on renal endothelial toxicity in a model of CKD induced by ADR in rats and explore mechanisms involved in EC maintenance by eNOS/NO, angiopoietins (Angs)/endothelium cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (Tie-2, also known as TEK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) axis. The results show that paricalcitol attenuated the renal damage ADR-induced with antiproteinuric effects, glomerular and tubular structure, and function protection. Furthermore, activation of the VDR promoted the maintenance of the function and structure of glomerular, cortical, and external medullary endothelial cells by regulating NO production. In addition, it suppressed the expression of the mesenchymal markers in renal tissue through attenuation of (transforming growth factor-beta) TGF-β1/Smad2/3-dependent and downregulated of Ang-2/Tie-2 axis. It regulated the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway, which was ADR-deregulated. These effects were associated with lower AT1 expression and VDR recovery to renal tissue after paricalcitol treatment. Our results showed a protective role of paricalcitol in the renal microvasculature that could be used as a target for treating the beginning of CKD.
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Oliveira BM, de Almeida LF, Deluque AL, Souza CS, Maciel ALD, Francescato HDC, Costa RS, Giovanini C, de Paula FJA, Coimbra TM. Calcitriol Reduces the Inflammation, Endothelial Damage and Oxidative Stress in AKI Caused by Cisplatin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415877. [PMID: 36555517 PMCID: PMC9783003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin treatment is one of the most commonly used treatments for patients with cancer. However, thirty percent of patients treated with cisplatin develop acute kidney injury (AKI). Several studies have demonstrated the effect of bioactive vitamin D or calcitriol on the inflammatory process and endothelial injury, essential events that contribute to changes in renal function and structure caused by cisplatin (CP). This study explored the effects of calcitriol administration on proximal tubular injury, oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular injury observed in CP-induced AKI. Male Wistar Hannover rats were pretreated with calcitriol (6 ng/day) or vehicle (0.9% NaCl). The treatment started two weeks before i.p. administration of CP or saline and was maintained for another five days after the injections. On the fifth day after the injections, urine, plasma and renal tissue samples were collected to evaluate renal function and structure. The animals of the CP group had increased plasma levels of creatinine and of fractional sodium excretion and decreased glomerular filtration rates. These changes were associated with intense tubular injury, endothelial damage, reductions in antioxidant enzymes and an inflammatory process observed in the renal outer medulla of the animals from this group. These changes were attenuated by treatment with calcitriol, which reduced the inflammation and increased the expression of vascular regeneration markers and antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M. Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ferreira de Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda L. Deluque
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia S. Souza
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia D. Maciel
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloísa D. C. Francescato
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto S. Costa
- Department of Medical Clinic, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Giovanini
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco José A. de Paula
- Department of Medical Clinic, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezila M. Coimbra
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 140490-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315–3021
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Cortese F, Costantino MF, Luzi G, Di Marino S, Giordano P, Monitillo F. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. A literature overview. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8925-8942. [PMID: 35364717 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis and cerebro and cardiovascular disease associated represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, vitamin D deficiency has been considered a new potential risk factor of these conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS In this reviw we briefly describe the biological role of vitamin D, analyze the pathophysiological associations between cardiovascular disease and vitamin D, summarize and synthesize the evidence from literature about the association between vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Vit D is an essential vitamin for bone metabolism and homeostasis. The maintenance of optimal blood levels contributes to the correct homeostasis by influencing different metabolic processes, including those underlying cardiovascular diseases. However, the evidence does not support vitamin D routine administration for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and intake to achieve specific cardiovascular effects. Evidence shows that maintaining optimal levels of vitamin D, ensures cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cortese
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Matera, Viale Salerno, 74015, Policoro, Italy.
| | | | - Giampaolo Luzi
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Science, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Serena Di Marino
- Department of Cardiology, "Valle D'Itria" Hospital, Martina Franca, Taranto, Italy
| | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Verdoia M, De Luca G. Potential role of hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D supplementation during COVID-19 pandemic. QJM 2021; 114:3-10. [PMID: 32735326 PMCID: PMC7454841 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a pandemic disorder affecting over 1 billion of subjects worldwide and displaying a broad spectrum of implications on cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Since the initial reports of the association between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19, Vitamin D has been pointed as a potentially interesting treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We provide an overview on the current status of vitamin D deficiency, the mechanisms of action of vitamin D and the current literature on the topic, with a special focus on the potential implications for COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verdoia
- From the Department of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Biella, Italy
| | - G De Luca
- Department of Cardiology, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Mazzini, 18, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Address correspondence to G. De Luca, Chief Interventional Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria ‘Maggiore della Carità’, Eastern Piedmont University, Corso Mazzini, 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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