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de Oliveira MI, Aciole MR, Neves PAF, Silva VPOE, Silva MPOE, de Lorena VMB, de Araújo PSR. A stronger antibody response in increased disease severity of SARS-CoV-2. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:17. [PMID: 38166763 PMCID: PMC10762998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An assessment of the factors that interfere with serum levels and the persistence of anti-SARs-CoV-2 IgG antibodies is essential in order to estimate the risk of reinfection and to plan vaccination. We analyzed the impact of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the clinical and biological factors regarding the persistence of SARs-CoV-2 anti-spike protein (IgG-S) antibodies at 12 months. METHODS This was an observational, longitudinal study with individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 between August 2020 and June 2021. Peripheral blood samples were collected from volunteers who were hospitalized (SERIOUS COVID-19) and those who required no hospitalization (COVID-19 LIGHT). Samples were grouped according to days after symptom onset: up to 90, between 91 and 180, ≥ 180 days after symptom onset. A semiquantitative test for IgG anti-spike protein S1(IgG-S1) was used. RESULTS We analyzed 238 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, of whom 87 had been hospitalized and 151 had not. They provided 148 and 220 samples, respectively. Among those hospitalized, males (65.5%), volunteers aged over 60 years (41.1%), comorbidities such as arterial hypertension (67.8%) and diabetes mellitus (37.9%) were most frequent. We observed higher median serum IgG-S1 titers among those who had recovered from COVID-19 and had been hospitalized, at all collection time intervals (p < 0.001). We observed a weak correlation of increasing age with humoral IgG-S1 response (Spearman correlation = 0.298). There was a greater probability of IgG-S1 antibody persistence over time among samples from hospitalized individuals compared to samples from non-hospitalized participants (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION This study has revealed higher titers and a higher probability of the persistence of IgG-S1 in severe cases after SARs-CoV-2 primary infection in unvaccinated recovered patients. Thus, in this study, the severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 was the main factor influencing serum levels and the persistence of IgG-S1 antibodies in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Iglis de Oliveira
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Melayne Rocha Aciole
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Areias Feitosa Neves
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Virginia Maria Barros de Lorena
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Ramos de Araújo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz-PE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clínicas, Brazilian Company of Hospital Services (EBSERH), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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