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Chade AR, Sitz R, Kelty TJ, McCarthy E, Tharp DL, Rector RS, Eirin A. Chronic kidney disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (CKD-LVDD) alter cardiac expression of mitochondria-related genes in swine. Transl Res 2024; 267:67-78. [PMID: 38262578 PMCID: PMC11001533 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and heart failure doubles in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Mitochondria are central to maintaining cellular respiration and modulating cardiomyocyte function. We took advantage of our novel swine model of CKD and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (CKD-LVDD) to investigate the expression of mitochondria-related genes and potential mechanisms regulating their expression. CKD-LVDD and normal control pigs (n=6/group, 3 males/3 females) were studied for 14 weeks. Renal and cardiac hemodynamics were quantified by multidetector-CT, echocardiography, and pressure-volume loop studies, respectively. Mitochondrial morphology (electron microscopy) and function (Oroboros) were assessed ex vivo. In randomly selected pigs (n=3/group), cardiac mRNA-, MeDIP-, and miRNA-sequencing (seq) were performed to identify mitochondria-related genes and study their pre- and post -transcriptional regulation. CKD-LVDD exhibited cardiac mitochondrial structural abnormalities and elevated mitochondrial H2O2 emission but preserved mitochondrial function. Cardiac mRNA-seq identified 862 mitochondria-related genes, of which 69 were upregulated and 33 downregulated (fold-change ≥2, false discovery rate≤0.05). Functional analysis showed that upregulated genes were primarily implicated in processes associated with oxidative stress, whereas those downregulated mainly participated in respiration and ATP synthesis. Integrated mRNA/miRNA/MeDIP-seq analysis showed that upregulated genes were modulated predominantly by miRNAs, whereas those downregulated were by miRNA and epigenetic mechanisms. CKD-LVDD alters cardiac expression of mitochondria-related genes, associated with mitochondrial structural damage but preserved respiratory function, possibly reflecting intrinsic compensatory mechanisms. Our findings may guide the development of early interventions at stages of cardiac dysfunction in which mitochondrial injury could be prevented, and the development of LVDD ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA.
| | - Rhys Sitz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Taylor J Kelty
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Darla L Tharp
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- The Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Zaid M, Sala L, Despins L, Heise D, Popescu M, Skubic M, Ahmad S, Emter CA, Huxley VH, Guidoboni G. Cardiovascular sex-differences: insights via physiology-based modeling and potential for noninvasive sensing via ballistocardiography. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1215958. [PMID: 37868782 PMCID: PMC10587415 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1215958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, anatomical and functional differences between men and women in their cardiovascular systems and how these differences manifest in blood circulation are theoretically and experimentally investigated. A validated mathematical model of the cardiovascular system is used as a virtual laboratory to simulate and compare multiple scenarios where parameters associated with sex differences are varied. Cardiovascular model parameters related with women's faster heart rate, stronger ventricular contractility, and smaller blood vessels are used as inputs to quantify the impact (i) on the distribution of blood volume through the cardiovascular system, (ii) on the cardiovascular indexes describing the coupling between ventricles and arteries, and (iii) on the ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal. The model-predicted outputs are found to be consistent with published clinical data. Model simulations suggest that the balance between the contractile function of the left ventricle and the load opposed by the arterial circulation attains similar levels in females and males, but is achieved through different combinations of factors. Additionally, we examine the potential of using the BCG waveform, which is directly related to cardiovascular volumes, as a noninvasive method for monitoring cardiovascular function. Our findings provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular sex differences and may help facilitate the development of effective noninvasive cardiovascular monitoring methods for early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular disease in both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaid
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Lorenzo Sala
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurel Despins
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - David Heise
- Science, Technology & Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO, United States
| | - Mihail Popescu
- Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Marjorie Skubic
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Salman Ahmad
- Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Craig A. Emter
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Virginia H. Huxley
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Giovanna Guidoboni
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maine College of Engineering and Computing, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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Steffensen TL, Schjerven FE, Flade HM, Kirkeby-Garstad I, Ingeström E, Solberg FS, Steinert M. Wrist ballistocardiography and invasively recorded blood pressure in healthy volunteers during reclining bike exercise. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1189732. [PMID: 37250120 PMCID: PMC10213206 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1189732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Ballistocardiogram (BCG) features are of interest in wearable cardiovascular monitoring of cardiac performance. We assess feasibility of wrist acceleration BCG during exercise for estimating pulse transit time (PTT), enabling broader cardiovascular response studies during acute exercise and improved monitoring in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also examine the relationship between PTT, blood pressure (BP), and stroke volume (SV) during exercise and posture interventions. Methods: 25 participants underwent a bike exercise protocol with four incremental workloads (0 W, 50 W, 100 W, and 150 W) in supine and semirecumbent postures. BCG, invasive radial artery BP, tonometry, photoplethysmography (PPG) and echocardiography were recorded. Ensemble averages of BCG signals determined aortic valve opening (AVO) timings, combined with peripheral pulse wave arrival times to calculate PTT. We tested for significance using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: BCG was successfully recorded at the wrist during exercise. PTT exhibited a moderate negative correlation with systolic BP (ρSup = -0.65, ρSR = -0.57, ρAll = -0.54). PTT differences between supine and semirecumbent conditions were significant at 0 W and 50 W (p < 0.001), less at 100 W (p = 0.0135) and 150 W (p = 0.031). SBP and DBP were lower in semirecumbent posture (p < 0.01), while HR was slightly higher. Echocardiography confirmed association of BCG features with AVO and indicated a positive relationship between BCG amplitude and SV (ρ = 0.74). Significance: Wrist BCG may allow convenient PTT and possibly SV tracking during exercise, enabling studies of cardiovascular response to acute exercise and convenient monitoring of cardiovascular performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torjus L. Steffensen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Filip E. Schjerven
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hans M. Flade
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Idar Kirkeby-Garstad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emma Ingeström
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Fredrik S. Solberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Martin Steinert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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