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Juby S, Soumya P, Jayachandran K, Radhakrishnan EK. Morphological, Metabolomic and Genomic Evidences on Drought Stress Protective Functioning of the Endophyte Bacillus safensis Ni7. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:209. [PMID: 38834921 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The metabolomic and genomic characterization of an endophytic Bacillus safensis Ni7 was carried out in this study. This strain has previously been isolated from the xerophytic plant Nerium indicum L. and reported to enhance the drought tolerance in Capsicum annuum L. seedlings. The effects of drought stress on the morphology, biofilm production, and metabolite production of B. safensis Ni7 are analyzed in the current study. From the results obtained, the organism was found to have multiple strategies such as aggregation and clumping, robust biofilm production, and increased production of surfactin homologues under the drought induced condition when compared to non-stressed condition. Further the whole genome sequencing (WGS) based analysis has demonstrated B. safensis Ni7 to have a genome size of 3,671,999 bp, N50 value of 3,527,239, and a mean G+C content of 41.58%. Interestingly the organism was observed to have the presence of various stress-responsive genes (13, 20U, 16U,160, 39, 17M, 18, 26, and ctc) and genes responsible for surfactin production (srfAA, srfAB, srfAC, and srfAD), biofilm production (epsD, epsE, epsF, epsG, epsH, epsI, epsK, epsL, epsM, epsN, and pel), chemotaxis (cheB_1, cheB_2, cheB_3, cheW_1, cheW_2 cheR, cheD, cheC, cheA, cheY, cheV, and cheB_4), flagella synthesis (flgG_1, flgG_2, flgG_3, flgC, and flgB) as supportive to the drought tolerance. Besides these, the genes responsible for plant growth promotion (PGP), including the genes for nitrogen (nasA, nasB, nasC, nasD, and nasE) and sulfur assimilation (cysL_1&L_2, cysI) and genes for phosphate solubilization (phoA, phoP_1& phoP_2, and phoR) could also be predicted. Along with the same, the genes for catalase, superoxide dismutase, protein homeostasis, cellular fitness, osmoprotectants production, and protein folding could also be predicted from its WGS data. Further pan-genome analysis with plant associated B. safensis strains available in the public databases revealed B. safensis Ni7 to have the presence of a total of 5391 gene clusters. Among these, 3207 genes were identified as core genes, 954 as shell genes and 1230 as cloud genes. This variation in gene content could be taken as an indication of evolution of strains of Bacillus safensis as per specific conditions and hence in the case of B. safensis Ni7 its role in habitat adaptation of plant is well expected. This diversity in endophytic bacterial genes may attribute its role to support the plant system to cope up with stress conditions. Overall, the study provides genomic evidence on Bacillus safensis Ni7 as a stress alleviating microbial partner in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silju Juby
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - P Soumya
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
| | - K Jayachandran
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India
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Yao S, Zhou B. Enhancing phytoremediation of cadmium and arsenic in alkaline soil by Miscanthus sinensis: A study on the synergistic effect of endophytic fungi and biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171458. [PMID: 38438035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi (Trichoderma harzianum (TH) and Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL)) showed potential in phytoremediation for soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs (Cd and As)). However, their efficiency is limited, which can be enhanced with the assistance of biochar. This study sought to investigate the effects of TH at two application rates (T1: 4.5 g m-2; T2: 9 g m-2), PL at two application rates (P1: 4.5 g m-2; P2: 9 g m-2), in conjunction with biochar (BC) at 750 g m-2 on the phytoremediation of PTEs by Miscanthus sinensis (M. sinensis). The results showed that the integration of endophytic fungi with biochar notably enhanced the accumulation of Cd and As in M. sinensis by 59.60 %-114.38 % and 49.91 %-134.60 %, respectively. The treatments T2BC and P2BC emerged as the most effective. Specifically, the P2BC treatment significantly enhanced the soil quality index (SQI > 0.55) across all examined soil layers, markedly improving the overall soil condition. It was observed that T2BC treatment could elevate the SQI to 0.56 at the 0-15 cm depth. The combined amendment shifted the primary influences on plant PTEs accumulation from fungal diversity and soil nutrients to bacterial diversity and the availability of soil PTEs. Characteristic microorganisms identified under the combined treatments were RB41 and Pezizaceae, indicating an increase in both bacterial and fungal diversity. This combination altered the soil microbial community, influencing key metabolic pathways. The combined application of PL and biochar was superior to the TH and biochar combination for the phytoremediation of M. sinensis. This approach not only enhanced the phytoremediation potential but also positively impacted soil health and microbial community, suggesting that the synergistic use of endophytic fungi and biochar is an effective strategy for improving the condition of alkaline soils contaminated with PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
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Gu T, Qi Z, Wang Y, Chen S, Yan J, Qiu H, Yu Y, Fang Z, Wang J, Gong J. An endophytic fungus interacts with the defensin-like protein OsCAL1 to regulate cadmium allocation in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:312-324. [PMID: 38160253 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Defensin-like proteins are conserved in multicellular organisms and contribute to innate immune responses against fungal pathogens. In rice, defensins play a novel role in regulating cadmium (Cd) efflux from the cytosol. However, whether the antifungal activity of defensins correlates with Cd-efflux function remains unknown. In this study, we isolated an endophytic Fusarium, designed Fo10, by a comparative microbiome analysis of rice plants grown in a paddy contaminated with Cd. Fo10 is tolerant to high levels of Cd, but is sensitive to the defensin-like protein OsCAL1, which mediates Cd efflux to the apoplast. We found that Fo10 symbiosis in rice is regulated by OsCAL1 dynamics, and Fo10 coordinates multiple plant processes, including Cd uptake, vacuolar sequestration, efflux to the environment, and formation of Fe plaques in the rhizosphere. These processes are dependent on the salicylic acid signaling pathway to keep Cd levels low in the cytosol of rice cells and to decrease Cd levels in rice grains without any yield penalty. Fo10 also plays a role in Cd tolerance in the poaceous crop maize and wheat, but has no observed effects in the eudicot plants Arabidopsis and tomato. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the mechanistic basis underlying how a fungal endophyte and host plant interact to control Cd accumulation in host plants by adapting defense responses to promote the establishment of a symbiosis that permits adaptation to high-Cd environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Ziai Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yating Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jing Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huapeng Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxuan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijun Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jiming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Rungjindamai N, Jones EBG. Why Are There So Few Basidiomycota and Basal Fungi as Endophytes? A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38248976 PMCID: PMC10820240 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A review of selected studies on fungal endophytes confirms the paucity of Basidiomycota and basal fungi, with almost 90% attributed to Ascomycota. Reasons for the low number of Basidiomycota and basal fungi, including the Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Mortierellomycota, are advanced, including isolation procedure and media, incubation period and the slow growth of basidiomycetes, the identification of non-sporulating isolates, endophyte competition, and fungus-host interactions. We compare the detection of endophytes through culture-dependent methods and culture-independent methods, the role of fungi on senescence of the host plant, and next-generation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawut Rungjindamai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - E. B. Gareth Jones
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Zare L, Ronaghi A, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Zarei M, Sepehri M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nitric oxide alleviate cadmium phytotoxicity by improving internal detoxification mechanisms of corn plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:93602-93616. [PMID: 37507565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants develop several external and internal mechanisms to increase their tolerance to heavy metals (HMs) toxicity including cadmium (Cd). Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) is one of the plants' strategies to tolerate HMs toxicity. Nitric oxide (NO), as a signaling molecule, is also involved in physiological responses of plants to various stresses. The present work was conducted as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications to study the effects of Funneliformis mosseae fungi and Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 mM) as a donor of NO alone, in combination (AMF + SNP) on corn plant growth, and internal detoxification mechanisms of Cd toxicity in a Cd-contaminated calcareous soil (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg Cd kg-1). The results showed that under Cd stress, AMF inoculation and/or foliar application of SNP significantly increased plant growth (32% to 103% for shoot and 44% to 84% for root) by decreasing Cd concentration in corn plant tissues (23% to 46% for shoot and 19% to 40% for root). Cd-induced oxidative stress was mitigated by AMF and/or SNP by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatin (PC). Increasing the tolerance index (TI) and decreasing the transfer factor (TF) in the corn plants treated with AMF and/or SNP, confirm the efficient role of SNP and AMF in stimulating the detoxification mechanisms of Cd within the plant cells, which was more pronounced at the lowest Cd level (25 mg Cd kg-1). In conclusion, symbiotic associations of corn plants with AMF alone or in combination with SNP mitigated the detrimental effect of Cd toxicity in corn grown in Cd-contaminated calcareous soil. The corn's internal detoxification mechanisms lowered the Cd concentration in plant tissue which resulted in the improvement of the corn's growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zare
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Ronaghi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Sepehri
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Haruma T, Doyama K, Lu X, Noji K, Masuya H, Arima T, Tomiyama S, Yamaji K. Miscanthus sinensis contributes to the survival of Pinus densiflora seedlings at a mining site via providing a possible functional endophyte and maintaining symbiotic relationship between P. densiflora and endophytes from high soil temperature stress. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286203. [PMID: 37220165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
At a sedimentary site in an old mine site, Miscanthus sinensis formed patches, where Pinus densiflora seedlings could grow better compared with those outside the patches, indicating that M. sinensis would improve P. densiflora seedling establishment. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms by which M. sinensis facilitates the survival of P. densiflora seedlings by considering the soil properties, heavy metal tolerance, and root endophytes in P. densiflora seedlings at the sedimentary site. The sedimentary site, which is a bare ground, contained high concentrations of Fe, indicating that plants should be exposed to Fe and high soil temperature stresses. Measurement of soil temperature revealed that M. sinensis suppressed sharp increases and alternation of soil temperature, resulting in reducing high soil temperature stress in P. densiflora seedlings. To adapt to the Fe stress environment, P. densiflora outside and inside the patches produced Fe detoxicants, including catechin, condensed tannin, and malic acid. Ceratobasidium bicorne and Aquapteridospora sp. were commonly isolated from P. densiflora seedlings outside and inside the patches as root endophytes, which might enhance Fe tolerance in the seedlings. Aquapteridospora sp., which is considered as a dark-septate endophyte (DSE), was also isolated from the roots of M. sinensis, suggesting that M. sinensis might play a source of a root endophyte to P. densiflora seedlings. Ceratobasidium bicorne could be classified into root endophytes showing symbiosis and weak pathogenicity to host plants. Therefore, high soil temperature stress would weaken P. densiflora seedlings, causing root endophytic C. bicorne to appear pathogenic. We suggested that P. densiflora could adapt to the Fe stress environment via producing Fe detoxicants, and M. sinensis would facilitate the establishment of P. densiflora seedlings in the sedimentary site by providing a DSE, Aquapteridospora sp., and maintaining symbiosis of C. bicorne from high soil temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Haruma
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita, Nishi, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kohei Doyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xingyan Lu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenta Noji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hayato Masuya
- Department of Mushroom Science and Forest Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiko Arima
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita, Nishi, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Tomiyama
- Faculty of Engineering, Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita, Nishi, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamaji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zheng J, Xie X, Li C, Wang H, Yu Y, Huang B. Regulation mechanism of plant response to heavy metal stress mediated by endophytic fungi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 25:1596-1613. [PMID: 36786203 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2176466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi exist widely in plants and play an important role in the growth and adaptation of plants. They could be used in phytoremediation techniques against heavy metal contaminated soil since beneficial microbial symbionts can endow plants with resistance to external heavy metal stresses. This review summarized the regulation mechanism of plant response to heavy metal stress mediated by endophytic fungi. Potential endophytic fungi in enhancing plant's adaption to heavy metal stresses include arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dark septate endophytic fungi, plant growth promoting endophytic fungi. The mechanisms involve coevolution strategy, immune regulation and detoxification transport to improve the ability of plants to adapt to heavy metal stress. They can increase the synthesis of host hormones and maintaining the balance of endogenous hormones, strengthen osmotic regulation, regulate carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and increase immune activity, antioxidant enzyme and glutathione activity. They also help to improve the detoxification transport and heavy metal emission capacity of the host by significantly producing iron carrier, metallothionein and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase. The combination of endophytic fungi and hyperaccumulation plants provides a promising technology for the ecological restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil. Endophytic fungi reserves further development on enhancing host plant's adaptability to heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xingguang Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaru Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baokang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Domka A, Jędrzejczyk R, Ważny R, Gustab M, Kowalski M, Nosek M, Bizan J, Puschenreiter M, Vaculίk M, Kováč J, Rozpądek P. Endophytic yeast protect plants against metal toxicity by inhibiting plant metal uptake through an ethylene-dependent mechanism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:268-287. [PMID: 36286193 PMCID: PMC10100480 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Toxic metal pollution requires significant adjustments in plant metabolism. Here, we show that the plant microbiota plays an important role in this process. The endophytic Sporobolomyces ruberrimus isolated from a serpentine population of Arabidopsis arenosa protected plants against excess metals. Coculture with its native host and Arabidopsis thaliana inhibited Fe and Ni uptake. It had no effect on host Zn and Cd uptake. Fe uptake inhibition was confirmed in wheat and rape. Our investigations show that, for the metal inhibitory effect, the interference of microorganisms in plant ethylene homeostasis is necessary. Application of an ethylene synthesis inhibitor, as well as loss-of-function mutations in canonical ethylene signalling genes, prevented metal uptake inhibition by the fungus. Coculture with S. ruberrimus significantly changed the expression of Fe homeostasis genes: IRT1, OPT3, OPT6, bHLH38 and bHLH39 in wild-type (WT) A. thaliana. The expression pattern of these genes in WT plants and in the ethylene signalling defective mutants significantly differed and coincided with the plant accumulation phenotype. Most notably, down-regulation of the expression of IRT1 solely in WT was necessary for the inhibition of metal uptake in plants. This study shows that microorganisms optimize plant Fe and Ni uptake by fine-tuning plant metal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Domka
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Roman Jędrzejczyk
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Rafał Ważny
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Maciej Gustab
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Michał Kowalski
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of BiologyPedagogical University of KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Jakub Bizan
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
| | - Markus Puschenreiter
- Vienna, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil ResearchUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesTullnAustria
| | - Marek Vaculίk
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity CentreSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Ján Kováč
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity CentreSlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Malopolska Centre of BiotechnologyJagiellonian University in KrakówKrakówPoland
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Tiwari P, Kang S, Bae H. Plant-endophyte associations: Rich yet under-explored sources of novel bioactive molecules and applications. Microbiol Res 2023; 266:127241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Endophytic Diaporthe as Promising Leads for the Development of Biopesticides and Biofertilizers for a Sustainable Agriculture. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122453. [PMID: 36557707 PMCID: PMC9784053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens are responsible for causing economic and production losses in several crops worldwide, thus reducing the quality and quantity of agricultural supplies. To reduce the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, strategies and approaches using microorganisms are being used in plant disease management. Most of the studies concerning plant-growth promotion and biological agents to control plant diseases are mainly focused on bacteria. In addition, a great portion of registered and commercialized biopesticides are bacterial-based products. Despite fungal endophytes having been identified as promising candidates for their use in biological control, it is of the utmost importance to develop and improve the existing knowledge on this research field. The genus Diaporthe, encompasses plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes that have been screened for secondary metabolite, mainly due to their production of polyketides and a variety of unique bioactive metabolites with agronomic importance. Some of these metabolites exhibit antifungal and antibacterial activity for controlling plant pathogens, and phytotoxic activity for the development of potential mycoherbicides. Moreover, species of Diaporthe are reported as promising agents in the development of biofertilizers. For this reason, in this review we summarize the potential of Diaporthe species to produce natural products with application in agriculture and describe the benefits of these fungi to promote their host plant's growth.
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Koza NA, Adedayo AA, Babalola OO, Kappo AP. Microorganisms in Plant Growth and Development: Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Secondary Metabolites Secretion. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081528. [PMID: 36013946 PMCID: PMC9415082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops aimed at feeding an exponentially growing population are often exposed to a variety of harsh environmental factors. Although plants have evolved ways of adjusting their metabolism and some have also been engineered to tolerate stressful environments, there is still a shortage of food supply. An alternative approach is to explore the possibility of using rhizosphere microorganisms in the mitigation of abiotic stress and hopefully improve food production. Several studies have shown that rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae organisms can help improve stress tolerance by enhancing plant growth; stimulating the production of phytohormones, siderophores, and solubilizing phosphates; lowering ethylene levels; and upregulating the expression of dehydration response and antioxidant genes. This article shows the secretion of secondary metabolites as an additional mechanism employed by microorganisms against abiotic stress. The understanding of these mechanisms will help improve the efficacy of plant-growth-promoting microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombikhona Appear Koza
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
| | - Afeez Adesina Adedayo
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (O.O.B.); (A.P.K.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2568 (O.O.B.); +27-11-559-3182 (A.P.K.); Fax: +27-11-559-2605 (O.O.B.)
| | - Abidemi Paul Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Correspondence: (O.O.B.); (A.P.K.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2568 (O.O.B.); +27-11-559-3182 (A.P.K.); Fax: +27-11-559-2605 (O.O.B.)
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12
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Shah S, Shah B, Sharma R, Rekadwad B, Shouche YS, Sharma J, Pant B. Colonization with non-mycorrhizal culturable endophytic fungi enhances orchid growth and indole acetic acid production. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:101. [PMID: 35418028 PMCID: PMC9006483 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symbiotic associations of endophytic fungi have been proved by possessing an ability to produce hormones and metabolites for their host plant. Members of the Orchidaceae are obligate mycorrhizal species but a non-mycorrhizal association needs more investigation for their ability to promote plant growth and produce plant growth hormones. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the roots of Dendrobium longicornu Lindl., to investigate the root colonizing activity and role in plant growth and development. RESULTS Among 23 fungal isolates were identified both by morphological and molecular technique as Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Coniochaeta sp., Alternaria sp., and Cladosporium sp. The dominate species were Coniochaeta sp. and Cladosporium sp. The dominant species as per the isolation was Coniochaeta sp. These fungal strains were screened for growth-promoting activity of Cymbidium aloifolium (plantlet) consider as cross genus interaction and Dendrobium longicornu (protocorms) as a host plant in in-vitro condition. Importantly, Cladosporium sp., and Coniochaeta sp. showed successful colonization and peloton formation with roots of C. aloifolium. Moreover, it also enhanced acclimatization of plantlets. Fungal elicitors from nine fungal isolates enhanced the growth of the in vitro grown protocorms of D. longicornu. Key bioactive compounds detected in the fungal colonized plant extract were 2H-pyran-2-one, Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, Oleic Acid and d-Mannitol, which may have a potential role in plant-microbe interaction. All fungal endophytes were able to synthesize the indole acetic acid (IAA) in presence of tryptophan. Moreover, fungal extract DLCCR7 treated with DL-tryptophan yielded a greater IAA concentration of 43 μg per ml than the other extracts. The iaaM gene involved in IAA synthesis pathway was amplified using iaaM gene primers successfully from Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., and Coniochaeta sp. CONCLUSIONS Hence, this study confirms the production of IAA by endophytes and demonstrated their host as well as cross-genus plant growth-promoting potential by producing metabolites required for the growth of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Shah
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal.,Daffodil Agro Biological Research Center, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal
| | - Biva Shah
- Daffodil Agro Biological Research Center, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal
| | - Rohit Sharma
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.,School of Sciences, SAGE University, Katara Hills, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Bhagwan Rekadwad
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.,Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Box 42122, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Bijaya Pant
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal.
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13
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Zhu JN, Yu YJ, Dai MD, Zeng YL, Lu XJ, Wang L, Liu XH, Su ZZ, Lin FC. A New Species in Pseudophialophora From Wild Rice and Beneficial Potential. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845104. [PMID: 35359723 PMCID: PMC8963453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild rice (Oryza granulata) is a natural resource pool containing abundant unknown endophytic fungi species. There are few reports on the endophytic fungi in wild rice. Here, one isolate recovered from wild rice roots was identified as a new species Pseudophialophora oryzae sp. nov based on the molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics. Fluorescent protein-expressing P. oryzae was used to monitor the fungal colonization pattern. Hyphae invaded the epidermis to the inner cortex but not into the root stele. The inoculation of P. oryzae promoted the rice growth, with the growth parameters of chlorophyll content, shoot height, root length, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight and dry weight increasing by 24.10, 35.32, 19.35, 90.00, 33.3, and 79.17%, respectively. P. oryzae induced up-regulation of nitrate transporter OsPTR9 and potassium transporter OsHAK16 by 7.28 ± 0.84 and 2.57 ± 0.80 folds, promoting nitrogen and potassium elements absorption. In addition, P. oryzae also conferred a systemic resistance against rice blast, showing a 72.65 and 75.63% control rate in sterile plates and potting conditions. This systemic resistance was mediated by the strongly up-regulated expression of resistance-related genes NAC, OsSAUR2, OsWRKY71, EL5, and PR1α. Since P. oryzae can promote rice growth, biomass and induce systemic disease resistance, it can be further developed as a new biogenic agent for agricultural production, providing a new approach for biocontrol of rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jun Yu
- Department of Agriculture and Rural of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Di Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Lan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen-Zhu Su,
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Fu-Cheng Lin,
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14
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Karunarathna SC, Ashwath N, Jeewon R. Editorial: The Potential of Fungi for Enhancing Crops and Forestry Systems. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:813051. [PMID: 35003047 PMCID: PMC8727527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.813051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Nanjappa Ashwath
- Institute for Future Farming Systems, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Moka, Mauritius
- *Correspondence: Rajesh Jeewon
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15
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Zhu M, Ding Y, Li X, Xiao Y, Zhao Z, Li T. Biodiversity of Root Endophytic Fungi from Oxyria sinensis Grown in Metal-Polluted and Unpolluted Soils in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122731. [PMID: 34961202 PMCID: PMC8705786 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxyria sinensis adopts a tolerant strategy as a metal excluder to survive toxic metal concentrations. Biodiversity and the endophytic fungal community colonizing the O. sinensis roots were assessed from a mining area (MA) and a neighboring non-mining area (nMA) in southwestern China. All O. sinensis roots formed fully developed dark septate endophytes (DSEs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Total DSE colonization was higher for the MA versus nMA, in contrast to the total AMF colonization in the two sites. The DSE colonization was higher than AMF colonization regardless of the site. Pure-culture data showed that the fungi closely related to Exophiala, Cadophora and Phialophora dominantly colonized the O. sinensis roots. A total of 450 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified showing the presence of a distinct fungal community in MA and nMA, which was shaped by soil physiochemical properties, including soil Zn concentrations and organic matter. We found that O. sinensis accumulates and adapts efficiently to local endophytic fungi to achieve the expansion of its community, including the spontaneously reclaimed DSE. This property may be targeted to achieve its colonization with a pioneer plant for phytoremediation in the restoration of a vegetation cover in a metal-contaminated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (M.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (Y.X.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (M.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (Y.X.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (M.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (Y.X.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuqing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (M.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (Y.X.)
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (M.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (T.L.); Tel.: +86-871-6503-4838 (Z.Z.)
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (M.Z.); (Y.D.); (X.L.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (T.L.); Tel.: +86-871-6503-4838 (Z.Z.)
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16
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Co-Inoculation of an Endophytic and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Improve Growth and Yield of Helianthus tuberosus L. under Field Condition. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110976. [PMID: 34829263 PMCID: PMC8625637 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi (EPF) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbioses can promote the growth and productivity of several types of plants. This work aimed to investigate the effect of co-inoculation of an EPF Exserohilum rostratum NMS1.5 and an AMF Glomus etunicatum UDCN52867 g.5 on the growth and yields of sunchoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) compared to the effects of full-dose and half-dose chemical fertilizer (15-15-15) under field conditions. Several plant growth parameters of the co-inoculated plants were significantly higher than the other treatments. Remarkably, such an effect was relatively equal to that of the full-dose chemical fertilizers. Moreover, the co-inoculation of EPF and AMF significantly improved the tuber yield production, even better than the use of a chemical fertilizer. This is the first report to show that plant growth promoting effects of the co-inoculation of EPF and AMF were exceptionally greater than those of the chemical fertilizer. Therefore, our EPF and AMF could potentially be used as a biofertilizer for promoting the growth and yield of sunchoke in the fields.
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17
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Ważny R, Rozpądek P, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Domka A, Nosek M, Kidd P, Turnau K. Phytohormone based biostimulant combined with plant growth promoting endophytic fungus enhances Ni phytoextraction of Noccaea goesingensis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147950. [PMID: 34082195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficiency of Ni phytoextraction, the metal hyperaccumulator N. goesingensis was subject to treatment with a combination of a Ni uptake stimulating microorganism and the commercially available, IAA- based biostimulating seaweed extract - Kelpak. Additionally, we compared the plant growth promoting and Ni uptake capabilities of the two biofertilizers. Treatment with the Kelpak alone had no significant effect on plant growth or Ni accumulation. Inoculation of N. goesingensis with Phomopsis columnaris significantly improved the biomass of the hyperaccumulating plant and Ni yield per plant and improved several plant biometric features such as fresh and dry weight and several others related to leaf and root size. However, the combination of the two treatments yielded the best results; plants treated with the two growth promoting agents yielded 85% more biomass compared to not treated plants and accumulated 48% more Ni per plant. To verify plant inoculation with the fungus we generated a GFP expressing strain of P. columnaris and visualized the fungus in both plant leaves and roots. To trace the development of the fungus in planta and to evaluate the effect of biostimulant treatment on mycelium development fungal translational elongation factor 1α (tef1α) DNA was quantified with qPCR. Upon biofertilizer the abundance P. columnaris in plant leaves increased nearly 5-fold. The utilization of plant growth stimulating microorganisms, endophytic fungi in particular, can significantly improve Ni phytoextraction in hyperaccumulator N. goesingensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman J Jędrzejczyk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domka
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia (IIAG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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18
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Yung L, Sirguey C, Azou-Barré A, Blaudez D. Natural Fungal Endophytes From Noccaea caerulescens Mediate Neutral to Positive Effects on Plant Biomass, Mineral Nutrition and Zn Phytoextraction. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689367. [PMID: 34295322 PMCID: PMC8290495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoextraction using hyperaccumulating plants is a method for the remediation of soils contaminated with trace elements (TEs). As a strategy for improvement, the concept of fungal-assisted phytoextraction has emerged in the last decade. However, the role played by fungal endophytes of hyperaccumulating plants in phytoextraction is poorly studied. Here, fungal endophytes isolated from calamine or non-metalliferous populations of the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens were tested for their growth promotion abilities affecting the host plant. Plants were inoculated with seven different isolates and grown for 2 months in trace element (TE)-contaminated soil. The outcomes of the interactions between N. caerulescens and its native strains ranged from neutral to beneficial. Among the strains, Alternaria thlaspis and Metapochonia rubescens, respectively, isolated from the roots of a non-metallicolous and a calamine population of N. caerulescens, respectively, exhibited the most promising abilities to enhance the Zn phytoextraction potential of N. caerulescens related to a significant increase of the plant biomass. These strains significantly increased the root elemental composition, particularly in the case of K, P, and S, suggesting an improvement of the plant nutrition. Results obtained in this study provide new insights into the relevance of microbial-assisted phytoextraction approaches in the case of hyperaccumulating plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Yung
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, Nancy, France
| | | | - Antonin Azou-Barré
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LSE, Nancy, France
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19
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DeVore CL, Hayek EE, Busch T, Long B, Mann M, Rudgers JA, Ali AMS, Howard T, Spilde MN, Brearley A, Ducheneaux C, Cerrato JM. Arsenic Accumulation in Hydroponically Grown Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem) Amended with Root-Colonizing Endophytes. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:1278-1287. [PMID: 34308092 PMCID: PMC8302048 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We integrated microscopy, spectroscopy, culturing and molecular biology, and aqueous chemistry techniques to evaluate arsenic (As) accumulation in hydroponically grown Schizachyrium scoparium inoculated with endophytic fungi. Schizachyrium scoparium grows in historically contaminated sediment in the Cheyenne River Watershed and was used for laboratory experiments with As(V) ranging from 0 to 2.5 mg L-1 at circumneutral pH. Arsenic accumulation in regional plants has been a community concern for several decades, yet mechanisms affecting As accumulation in plants associated with endophytic fungi remain poorly understood. Colonization of roots by endophytic fungi supported better external and vascular cellular structure, increased biomass production, increased root lengths and increased P uptake, compared to noninoculated plants (p value <0.05). After exposure to As(V), an 80% decrease of As was detected in solution and accumulated mainly in the roots (0.82-13.44 mg kg-1) of noninoculated plants. Endophytic fungi mediated intracellular uptake into root cells and translocation of As. Electron microprobe X-ray mapping analyses detected Ca-P and Mg-P minerals with As on the root surface of exposed plants, suggesting that these minerals could lead to As adsorption on the root surface through surface complexation or coprecipitation. Our findings provide new insights regarding biological and physical-chemical processes affecting As accumulation in plants for risk assessment applications and bioremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie L DeVore
- Department of Civil, Construction, Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States; Present Address: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eliane El Hayek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States; Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MSC09 5360, University of New Mexico, College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Taylor Busch
- Department of Civil, Construction, Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Benson Long
- Department of Civil, Construction, Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Michael Mann
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Abdul-Mehdi S Ali
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Tamara Howard
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Michael N Spilde
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Adrian Brearley
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Carlyle Ducheneaux
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe, Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States
| | - Josée M Cerrato
- Department of Civil, Construction, Environmental Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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20
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Choudhary M, Gupta S, Dhar MK, Kaul S. Endophytic Fungi-Mediated Biocatalysis and Biotransformations Paving the Way Toward Green Chemistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:664705. [PMID: 34222213 PMCID: PMC8242341 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.664705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is a process carried out in the presence of a heterogenous catalyst for accelerating the rate of a chemical reaction. It plays a pivotal role in transition from take, make, and dispose technology to sustainable technology via chemo- and biocatalytic processes. However, chemocatalyzed reactions are usually associated with copious amounts of perilous/hazardous environmental footprints. Therefore, whole-cell biotransformations or enzyme cocktails serve as cleaner biocatalytic alternatives in replacing the classical chemical procedures. These benchmark bioconversion reactions serve as important key technology in achieving the goals of green chemistry by eliminating waste generation at source. For this, nature has always been a driving force in fuelling natural product discovery and related applications. The fungal endophytic community, in particular, has undergone co-evolution with their host plant and has emerged as a powerful tool of genetic diversity. They can serve as a treasure trove of biocatalysts, catalyzing organic transformations of a wide range of substances into enantiopure compounds with biotechnological relevance. Additionally, the biocatalytic potential of endophytic fungi as whole-intact organisms/isolated enzyme systems has been greatly expanded beyond the existing boundaries with the advancement in high-throughput screening, molecular biology techniques, metabolic engineering, and protein engineering. Therefore, the present review illustrates the promising applications of endophytic fungi as biocatalysts for the synthesis of new structural analogs and pharmaceutical intermediates and refinement of existing proteins for novel chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suruchi Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
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21
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Ważny R, Rozpądek P, Domka A, Jędrzejczyk RJ, Nosek M, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Lichtscheidl I, Kidd P, Turnau K. The effect of endophytic fungi on growth and nickel accumulation in Noccaea hyperaccumulators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144666. [PMID: 33736318 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of endophytic fungi isolated from different populations of European Ni hyperaccumulators was investigated in regard to the microorganisms' ability to enhance the hyperaccumulation of Ni in Noccaea caerulescens. Effects of particular species of endophytic fungi on adaptation of N. caerulescens to excess Ni were tested by co-cultivation with single strains of the fungi. Seven of these had a positive effect on plant biomass production, whereas two of the tested species inhibited plant growth; biomass production of inoculated plants was significantly different compared to non-inoculated control. Inoculation with six fungal strains: Embellisia thlaspis, Pyrenochaeta cava, Phomopsis columnaris, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria sp. stimulated the plant to uptake and accumulate more Ni in both roots and shoots, compared to non-inoculated control. P. columnaris was isolated from all plant species sampled. Strains isolated from Noccaea caerulescens and Noccaea goesingensis increased Ni root and shoot accumulation of their native hosts (compared to non-inoculated control). Inoculation of different populations of Noccaea with P. columnaris of foreign origin did not cause its host to accumulate more Ni, with the exception of the Ni-unadapted ecotype of N. goesingensis. Inoculation with P. columnaris from N. caerulescens significantly improved Ni uptake, but the effect of the fungus was not as prominent as in the case of N. caerulescens. By comparing the transcriptomes of N. caerulescens and N. goesingensis from Flatz inoculated with P. columnaris, we showed that enhanced uptake and accumulation of Ni in the plants is accompanied by an upregulation of several genes mainly involved in plant stress protection and metal uptake and compartmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ważny
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domka
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman J Jędrzejczyk
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Irene Lichtscheidl
- Core Facility of Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Kidd
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. de Vigo, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Turnau
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Barberis L, Michalet S, Piola F, Binet P. Root fungal endophytes: identity, phylogeny and roles in plant tolerance to metal stress. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:326-345. [PMID: 33766311 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal trace elements accumulate in soils mainly because of anthropic activities, leading living organisms to develop strategies to handle metal toxicity. Plants often associate with root endophytic fungi, including nonmycorrhizal fungi, and some of these organisms are associated with metal tolerance. The lack of synthetic analyses of plant-endophyte-metal tripartite systems and the scant consideration for taxonomy led to this review aiming (1) to inventory non-mycorrhizal root fungal endophytes described with respect to their taxonomic diversity and (2) to determine the mutualistic roles of these plant-fungus associations under metal stress. More than 1500 species in 100 orders (mainly Hypocreales and Pleosporales) were reported from a wide variety of environments and hosts. Most reported endophytes had a positive effect on their host under metal stress, but with various effects on metal uptake or translocation and no clear taxonomic consistency. Future research considering the functional patterns and dynamics of these associations is thus encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barberis
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Serge Michalet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5557 Écologie microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence Piola
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Binet
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, CNRS-UFC, UMR6249 Chrono-environnement, Montbéliard, France.
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Barberis L, Chevalier W, Toussaint ML, Binet P, Piola F, Michalet S. Responses of the species complex Fallopia × bohemica to single-metal contaminations to Cd, Cr or Zn: growth traits, metal accumulation and secondary metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:673. [PMID: 33011855 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to heavy metals and their storage constitute a crucial step to understand the environmental impacts of metallic trace elements (MTEs). In controlled experiments, we previously demonstrated the tolerance and resilience of Japanese knotweed to soil artificial polymetallic contamination. Using the same experimental design, we tested here the effect of three individual MTEs on Fallopia × bohemica performance traits. Rhizome fragments from three different sites (considered as distinct morphotypes) were grown in a greenhouse for 1 month on a prairial soil artificially contaminated with either Cd, Cr (VI) or Zn at concentrations corresponding to relatively highly polluted soils. Our results confirmed the high tolerance of Bohemian knotweed to metal stress, though, plant response to MTE pollution was dependant on MTE identity. Bohemian knotweed was stimulated by Cr (VI) (increased root and aerial masses), did not display any measurable change in performance traits under Cd at the high dose of 10 mg kg-1, and uptook all MTEs in its rhizome, but only Zn was transferred to its aerial parts. We also highlighted changes in root secondary metabolism that were more accentuated with Zn, including the increase of anthraquinone, stilbene and biphenyl derivatives. These results compared to multi-contamination experiments previously published suggest complex interactions between metals and plant, depending principally on metal identity and also suggest a potential role of soil microbes in the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barberis
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Wilfried Chevalier
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- CNRS, UMR5557 Écologie microbienne, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Laure Toussaint
- CNRS-UFC, UMR6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Montbéliard, France
| | - Philippe Binet
- CNRS-UFC, UMR6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Montbéliard, France
| | - Florence Piola
- CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Serge Michalet
- CNRS, UMR5557 Écologie microbienne, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Strom N, Hu W, Haarith D, Chen S, Bushley K. Corn and Soybean Host Root Endophytic Fungi with Toxicity Toward the Soybean Cyst Nematode. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:603-614. [PMID: 31631807 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0243-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although fungal endophytes are commonly investigated for their ability to deter microbial plant pathogens, few studies have examined the activity of fungal root endophytes against nematodes. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines), the most severe yield-limiting pathogen of soybean (Glycine max), is commonly managed through rotation of soybean with corn (Zea mays), a nonhost of the SCN. A total of 626 fungal endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized corn and soybean roots from experimental plots in which soybean and corn had been grown under annual rotation and under 1, 3, 5, and 35 years of continuous monoculture. Fungal isolates were grouped into 401 morphotypes, which were clustered into 108 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 99% sequence similarity of the full internal transcribed spacer region. Morphotype representatives within each OTU were grown in malt extract broth and in a secondary metabolite-inducing medium buffered with ammonium tartrate, and their culture filtrates were tested for nematicidal activity against SCN juveniles. A majority of OTUs containing isolates with nematicidal culture filtrates were in the order Hypocreales, with the genus Fusarium being the most commonly isolated nematicidal genus from corn and soybean roots. Less commonly isolated taxa from soybean roots included the nematophagous fungi Hirsutella rhossiliensis, Metacordyceps chlamydosporia, and Arthrobotrys iridis. Root endophytic fungal diversity in soybean was positively correlated with SCN density, suggesting that the SCN plays a role in shaping the soybean root endophytic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Strom
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Weiming Hu
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Deepak Haarith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Senyu Chen
- Southern Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Waseca, MN
| | - Kathryn Bushley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
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Tiwari P, Bae H. Horizontal Gene Transfer and Endophytes: An Implication for the Acquisition of Novel Traits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E305. [PMID: 32121565 PMCID: PMC7154830 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), an important evolutionary mechanism observed in prokaryotes, is the transmission of genetic material across phylogenetically distant species. In recent years, the availability of complete genomes has facilitated the comprehensive analysis of HGT and highlighted its emerging role in the adaptation and evolution of eukaryotes. Endophytes represent an ecologically favored association, which highlights its beneficial attributes to the environment, in agriculture and in healthcare. The HGT phenomenon in endophytes, which features an important biological mechanism for their evolutionary adaptation within the host plant and simultaneously confers "novel traits" to the associated microbes, is not yet completely understood. With a focus on the emerging implications of HGT events in the evolution of biological species, the present review discusses the occurrence of HGT in endophytes and its socio-economic importance in the current perspective. To our knowledge, this review is the first report that provides a comprehensive insight into the impact of HGT in the adaptation and evolution of endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
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White JF, Kingsley KL, Zhang Q, Verma R, Obi N, Dvinskikh S, Elmore MT, Verma SK, Gond SK, Kowalski KP. Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2558-2565. [PMID: 31228333 PMCID: PMC6771842 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Endophytes are microbes (mostly bacteria and fungi) present asymptomatically in plants. Endophytic microbes are often functional in that they may carry nutrients from the soil into plants, modulate plant development, increase stress tolerance of plants, suppress virulence in pathogens, increase disease resistance in plants, and suppress development of competitor plant species. Endophytic microbes have been shown to: (i) obtain nutrients in soils and transfer nutrients to plants in the rhizophagy cycle and other nutrient-transfer symbioses; (ii) increase plant growth and development; (iii) reduce oxidative stress of hosts; (iv) protect plants from disease; (v) deter feeding by herbivores; and (vi) suppress growth of competitor plant species. Because of the effective functions of endophytic microbes, we suggest that endophytic microbes may significantly reduce use of agrochemicals (fertilizers, fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides) in the cultivation of crop plants. The loss of endophytic microbes from crop plants during domestication and long-term cultivation could be remedied by transfer of endophytes from wild relatives of crops to crop species. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could reduce the efficiency of the rhizophagy cycle due to repression of reactive oxygen used to extract nutrients from microbes in roots. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F White
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Qiuwei Zhang
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Rajan Verma
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Nkolika Obi
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Sofia Dvinskikh
- Department of Plant BiologyRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | | | - Satish K Verma
- Centre of Advanced Study in BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Surendra K Gond
- Centre of Advanced Study in BotanyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Kurt P Kowalski
- U.S. Geological SurveyGreat Lakes Science CenterClevelandOHUSA
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28
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Direct and indirect influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on enhancing metal tolerance of plants. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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