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Hu T, Guo D, Li B, Wang L, Liu H, Yin J, Jin T, Luan H, Sun L, Liu M, Zhi H, Li K. Soybean 40S Ribosomal Protein S8 (GmRPS8) Interacts with 6K1 Protein and Contributes to Soybean Susceptibility to Soybean Mosaic Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:2362. [PMID: 38140603 PMCID: PMC10748009 DOI: 10.3390/v15122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of Potyvirus, is the most destructive and widespread viral disease in soybean production. Our earlier studies identified a soybean 40S ribosomal protein S8 (GmRPS8) using the 6K1 protein of SMV as the bait to screen a soybean cDNA library. The present study aims to identify the interactions between GmRPS8 and SMV and characterize the role of GmRPS8 in SMV infection in soybean. Expression analysis showed higher SMV-induced GmRPS8 expression levels in a susceptible soybean cultivar when compared with a resistant cultivar, suggesting that GmRPS8 was involved in the response to SMV in soybean. Subcellular localization showed that GmRPS8 was localized in the nucleus. Moreover, the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) experiments showed that GmRPS8 only interacted with 6K1 among the eleven proteins encoded by SMV. The interaction between GmRPS8 and 6K1 was further verified by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, and the interaction was localized in the nucleus. Furthermore, knockdown of GmRPS8 by a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system retarded the growth and development of soybeans and inhibited the accumulation of SMV in soybeans. Together, these results showed that GmRPS8 interacts with 6K1 and contributes to soybean susceptibility to SMV. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the role of GmRPS8 in the SMV infection cycle, which could help reveal potyviral replication mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Dongquan Guo
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Bowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Jinlong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Tongtong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Hexiang Luan
- Institute of Plant Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengzhuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Haijian Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory (ZSBBL)/National Innovation Platform for Soybean Breeding and Industry-Education Integration/State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization/College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (T.H.); (B.L.); (L.W.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (T.J.); (L.S.); (M.L.)
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Liu R, Lv X, Wang X, Yang L, Cao J, Dai Y, Wu W, Wu Y. Integrative analysis of the multi-omics reveals the stripe rust fungus resistance mechanism of the TaPAL in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1174450. [PMID: 37342140 PMCID: PMC10277697 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1174450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the major food crops in the world. However, stripe rust fungus significantly decreases wheat yield and quality. In the present study, transcriptomic and metabolite analyses were conducted in R88 (resistant line) and CY12 (susceptible cultivar) during Pst-CYR34 infection due to the limited availability of information regarding the underlying mechanisms governing wheat-pathogen interactions. The results revealed that Pst infection promoted the genes and metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The key enzyme gene TaPAL to regulate lignin and phenolic synthesis has a positive resistance contribution to Pst in wheat, which was verified by the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. The distinctive resistance of R88 is regulated by the selective expression of genes involved in the fine-tuning of wheat-Pst interactions. Furthermore, metabolome analysis suggested that lignin biosynthesis-related metabolite accumulation was significantly affected by Pst. These results help to elucidate the regulatory networks of wheat-Pst interactions and pave the way for durable resistance breeding in wheat, which may ease environmental and food crises around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Xue Lv
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Li Yang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology, Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Ya Dai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wang Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering of Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Kavya N, Prasannakumar MK, Venkateshbabu G, Niranjan V, Uttarkar A, Buela Parivallal P, Banakar SN, Mahesh HB, Devanna P, Manasa KG, Shivakumara TN. Insights on Novel Effectors and Characterization of Metacaspase (RS107_6) as a Potential Cell Death-Inducing Protein in Rhizoctonia solani. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040920. [PMID: 37110343 PMCID: PMC10143347 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effectors play an important role in host–pathogen interactions. Though an economically significant disease in rice, knowledge regarding the infection strategy of Rhizoctonia solani is obscure. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the effectors in R. solani based on the characteristics of previously reported effector proteins. A total of seven novel effectors (designated as RS107_1 to RS107_7) in the disease mechanism of R. solani were identified and were predicted to be non-classically secreted proteins with functionally conserved domains. The function, reactivity, and stability of these proteins were evaluated through physiochemical characterization. The target proteins involved in the regulation of rice defense mechanisms were identified. Furthermore, the effector genes were cloned and RS107_6 (metacaspase) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain a purified protein of ~36.5 kDa. The MALD-TOF characterization confirmed that the protein belonged to a metacaspase of the Peptidase_C14 protein family, 906 bp in size, and encoded a polypeptide of 301 amino acids. These findings suggest that the identified effectors can potentially serve as a virulence factor and can be targeted for the management of sheath blight in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kavya
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - M. K. Prasannakumar
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopal Venkateshbabu
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshay Uttarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - P. Buela Parivallal
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Sahana N. Banakar
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - H. B. Mahesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramesh Devanna
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584104, Karnataka, India
| | - K. G. Manasa
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Tagginahalli N. Shivakumara
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
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Zhou X, Yu D, Cao Z. Convergence Analysis of Rust Fungi and Anther Smuts Reveals Their Common Molecular Adaptation to a Phytoparasitic Lifestyle. Front Genet 2022; 13:863617. [PMID: 35464858 PMCID: PMC9023891 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.863617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution between distantly related taxa often mirrors adaptation to similar environments. Rust fungi and anther smuts, which belong to different classes in Pucciniomycotina, have independently evolved a phytoparasitic lifestyle, representing an example of convergent evolution in the fungal kingdom. To investigate their adaptations and the genetic bases underlying their phytoparasitic lifestyles, we performed genome-wide convergence analysis of amino acid substitutions, evolutionary rates, and gene gains and losses. Convergent substitutions were detected in ATPeV0D and RP-S27Ae, two genes important for the generation of turgor pressure and ribosomal biosynthesis, respectively. A total of 51 positively selected genes were identified, including eight genes associated with translation and three genes related to the secretion pathway. In addition, rust fungi and anther smuts contained more proteins associated with oligopeptide transporters and vacuolar proteases than did other fungi. For rust fungi and anther smuts, these forms of convergence suggest four adaptive mechanisms for a phytoparasitic lifestyle: 1) reducing the metabolic demand for hyphal growth and penetration at the pre-penetration stage, 2) maintaining the efficiency of protein synthesis during colonization, 3) ensuring the normal secretion of rapidly evolving secreted proteins, and 4) improving the capacity for oligopeptide metabolism. Our results are the first to shed light on the genetic convergence mechanisms and molecular adaptation underlying phytoparasitic lifestyles in fungi.
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Galindo-González L, Hwang SF, Strelkov SE. Candidate Effectors of Plasmodiophora brassicae Pathotype 5X During Infection of Two Brassica napus Genotypes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:742268. [PMID: 34803960 PMCID: PMC8595600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.742268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most important diseases of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. Disease management relies heavily on planting clubroot resistant (CR) cultivars, but in recent years, new resistance-breaking pathotypes of P. brassicae have emerged. Current efforts against the disease are concentrated in developing host resistance using traditional genetic breeding, omics and molecular biology. However, because of its obligate biotrophic nature, limited resources have been dedicated to investigating molecular mechanisms of pathogenic infection. We previously performed a transcriptomic study with the cultivar resistance-breaking pathotype 5X on two B. napus hosts presenting contrasting resistance/susceptibility, where we evaluated the mechanisms of host response. Since cultivar-pathotype interactions are very specific, and pathotype 5X is one of the most relevant resistance-breaking pathotypes in Canada, in this study, we analyze the expression of genes encoding putative secreted proteins from this pathotype, predicted using a bioinformatics pipeline, protein modeling and orthologous comparisons with effectors from other pathosystems. While host responses were found to differ markedly in our previous study, many common effectors are found in the pathogen while infecting both hosts, and the gene response among biological pathogen replicates seems more consistent in the effectors associated with the susceptible interaction, especially at 21 days after inoculation. The predicted effectors indicate the predominance of proteins with interacting domains (e.g., ankyrin), and genes bearing kinase and NUDIX domains, but also proteins with protective action against reactive oxygen species from the host. Many of these genes confirm previous predictions from other clubroot studies. A benzoic acid/SA methyltransferase (BSMT), which methylates SA to render it inactive, showed high levels of expression in the interactions with both hosts. Interestingly, our data indicate that E3 ubiquitin proteasome elements are also potentially involved in pathogenesis. Finally, a gene with similarity to indole-3-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase is a promising candidate effector because of its involvement in indole acetic acid synthesis, since auxin is one of the major players in clubroot development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Chen Z, Zhang T, Mao K, Shao X, Xu Y, Zhu M, Zhou H, Wang Q, Li Z, Xie Y, Yuan X, Ying L, Zhang M, Hu J, Mou S. A single-cell survey of the human glomerulonephritis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4684-4695. [PMID: 33754492 PMCID: PMC8107090 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis is the one of the major causes of the end-stage kidney disease, whereas the pathological process of glomerulonephritis is still not completely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) emerges to be a powerful tool to evaluate the full heterogeneity of kidney diseases. To reveal cellular gene expression profiles of glomerulonephritis, we performed scRNA-seq of 2 human kidney transplantation donor samples, 4 human glomerulonephritis samples, 1 human malignant hypertension (MH) sample and 1 human chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN) sample, all tissues were taken from the biopsy. After filtering the cells with < 200 genes and > 10% mitochondria (MT) genes, the resulting 14 932 cells can be divided into 20 cell clusters, consistently with the previous report, in disease samples dramatic immune cells infiltration was found, among which a proximal tubule (PT) subset characterized by wnt-β catenin activation and a natural killer T (NKT) subset high expressing LTB were found. Furthermore, in the cluster of the podocyte, three glomerulonephritis related genes named FXYD5, CD74 and B2M were found. Compared with the mesangial of donor, the gene CLIC1 and RPS26 were up-regulated in mesangial of IgA nephropathy(IgAN), whereas the gene JUNB was up-regulated in podocyte of IgAN in comparison with that of donor. Meanwhile, some membranous nephropathy (MN) high expressed genes such as HLA-DRB5, HLA-DQA2, IFNG, CCL2 and NR4A2, which involve in highest enrichment pathway, display the cellular-specific expression style, whereas monocyte marker of lupus nephritis (LN) named TNFSF13B was also found and interferon alpha/beta signalling pathway was enriched in B and NKT of LN comparing with donor. By scRNA-seq, we first defined the podocyte markers of glomerulonephritis and specific markers in IgA, MN and LN were found at cellular level. Furthermore, the critical role of interferon alpha/beta signalling pathway was enriched in B and NKT of LN was declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiqiong Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - YuanYuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Transplantation Center of Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Ying
- Transplantation Center of Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Transplantation Center of Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Molecular Cell Laboratory for Kidney Disease, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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