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Pang B, Zheng H, Ma S, Tian J, Wen Y. Nitric oxide sensor NsrR is the key direct regulator of magnetosome formation and nitrogen metabolism in Magnetospirillum. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2924-2941. [PMID: 38197240 PMCID: PMC11014258 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role as signaling molecule in regulation of eukaryotic biomineralization, but its role in prokaryotic biomineralization is unknown. Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, a model strain for studies of prokaryotic biomineralization, has the unique ability to form magnetosomes (magnetic organelles). We demonstrate here that magnetosome biomineralization in MSR-1 requires the presence of NsrRMg (an NO sensor) and a certain level of NO. MSR-1 synthesizes endogenous NO via nitrification-denitrification pathway to activate magnetosome formation. NsrRMg was identified as a global transcriptional regulator that acts as a direct activator of magnetosome gene cluster (MGC) and nitrification genes but as a repressor of denitrification genes. Specific levels of NO modulate DNA-binding ability of NsrRMg to various target promoters, leading to enhancing expression of MGC genes, derepressing denitrification genes, and repressing nitrification genes. These regulatory functions help maintain appropriate endogenous NO level. This study identifies for the first time the key transcriptional regulator of major MGC genes, clarifies the molecular mechanisms underlying NsrR-mediated NO signal transduction in magnetosome formation, and provides a basis for a proposed model of the role of NO in the evolutionary origin of prokaryotic biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haolan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiesheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Construction of Recombinant Magnetospirillum Strains for Nitrate Removal from Wastewater Based on Magnetic Adsorption. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate ion (NO3−) in wastewater is a major cause of pollution in aquatic environments worldwide. Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense (MSR-1) has a complete dissimilatory denitrification pathway, converts NO3− in water into nitrogen (N2) and simultaneously removes ammonium ions (NH4+). We investigated and confirmed direct effects of regulatory protein factors Mg2046 and MgFnr on MSR-1 denitrification pathway by EMSAs and ChIP-qPCR assays. Corresponding mutant strains were constructed. Denitrification efficiency in synthetic wastewater medium during a 12-h cell growth period was significantly higher for mutant strain Δmgfnr (0.456 mmol·L−1·h−1) than for wild-type (0.362 mmol·L−1·h−1). Presence of magnetic particles (magnetosomes) in MSR-1 greatly facilitates collection and isolation of bacterial cells (and activated sludge) by addition of a magnetic field. The easy separation of magnetotactic bacteria, such as MSR-1 and Δmgfnr, from wastewater using magnetic fields is a unique feature that makes them promising candidates for practical application in wastewater treatment and sludge pretreatment.
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Amor M, Wan J, Egli R, Carlut J, Gatel C, Andersen IM, Snoeck E, Komeili A. Key Signatures of Magnetofossils Elucidated by Mutant Magnetotactic Bacteria and Micromagnetic Calculations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SOLID EARTH 2022; 127:e2021JB023239. [PMID: 35444924 PMCID: PMC9017866 DOI: 10.1029/2021jb023239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) produce single-stranded or multi-stranded chains of magnetic nanoparticles that contribute to the magnetization of sediments and rocks. Their magnetic fingerprint can be detected in ancient geological samples and serve as a unique biosignature of microbial life. However, some fossilized assemblages bear contradictory signatures pointing to magnetic components that have distinct origin(s). Here, using micromagnetic simulations and mutant MTB producing looped magnetosome chains, we demonstrate that the observed magnetofossil fingerprints are produced by a mixture of single-stranded and multi-stranded chains, and that diagenetically induced chain collapse, if occurring, must preserve the strong uniaxial anisotropy of native chains. This anisotropy is the key factor for distinguishing magnetofossils from other populations of natural magnetite particles, including those with similar individual crystal characteristics. Furthermore, the detailed properties of magnetofossil signatures depend on the proportion of equant and elongated magnetosomes, as well as on the relative abundances of single-stranded and multi-stranded chains. This work has important paleoclimatic, paleontological, and phylogenetic implications, as it provides reference data to differentiate distinct MTB lineages according to their chain and magnetosome morphologies, which will enable the tracking of the evolution of some of the most ancient biomineralizing organisms in a time-resolved manner. It also enables a more accurate discrimination of different sources of magnetite particles, which is pivotal for gaining better environmental and relative paleointensity reconstructions from sedimentary records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Amor
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Aix‐Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAMSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceFrance
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Ramon Egli
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)ViennaAustria
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Julie Carlut
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRSParisFrance
| | | | | | | | - Arash Komeili
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
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Wu S, Ma F, He J, Li QX, Hammock BD, Tian J, Xu T. Fusion expression of nanobodies specific for the insecticide fipronil on magnetosomes in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:27. [PMID: 33468141 PMCID: PMC7816308 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic nanoparticles such as magnetosomes modified with antibodies allow a high probability of their interaction with targets of interest. Magnetosomes biomineralized by magnetotactic bacteria are in homogeneous nanoscale size and have crystallographic structure, and high thermal and colloidal stability. Camelidae derived nanobodies (Nbs) are small in size, thermal stable, highly water soluble, easy to produce, and fusible with magnetosomes. We aimed to functionalize Nb-magnetosomes for the analysis of the insecticide fipronil. RESULTS Three recombinant magnetotactic bacteria (CF, CF+ , and CFFF) biomineralizing magnetosomes with different abundance of Nbs displayed on the surface were constructed. Compared to magnetosomes from the wild type Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, all of the Nb-magnetosomes biosynthesized by strains CF, CF+ , and CFFF showed a detectable level of binding capability to fipronil-horseradish peroxidase (H2-HRP), but none of them recognized free fipronil. The Nb-magnetosomes from CFFF were oxidized with H2O2 or a glutathione mixture consisting of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione in vitro and their binding affinity to H2-HRP was decreased, whereas that to free fipronil was enhanced. The magnetosomes treated with the glutathione mixture were employed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of fipronil in water samples, with average recoveries in a range of 78-101%. CONCLUSIONS The economical and environmental-friendly Nb-magnetosomes biomineralized by the bacterial strain MSR-1 can be potentially applied to nanobody-based immunoassays for the detection of fipronil or nanobody-based assays in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Suzhou Vicheck Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Fengfei Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Suzhou Vicheck Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Suzhou Vicheck Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215128, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii At Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jiesheng Tian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Suzhou Vicheck Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215128, China.
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Abdelrazig S, Safo L, Rance GA, Fay MW, Theodosiou E, Topham PD, Kim DH, Fernández-Castané A. Metabolic characterisation of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 using LC-MS-based metabolite profiling. RSC Adv 2020; 10:32548-32560. [PMID: 35516490 PMCID: PMC9056635 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetosomes are nano-sized magnetic nanoparticles with exquisite properties that can be used in a wide range of healthcare and biotechnological applications. They are biosynthesised by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), such as Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 (Mgryph). However, magnetosome bioprocessing yields low quantities compared to chemical synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. Therefore, an understanding of the intracellular metabolites and metabolic networks related to Mgryph growth and magnetosome formation are vital to unlock the potential of this organism to develop improved bioprocesses. In this work, we investigated the metabolism of Mgryph using untargeted metabolomics. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to profile spent medium samples of Mgryph cells grown under O2-limited (n = 6) and O2-rich conditions (n = 6) corresponding to magnetosome- and non-magnetosome producing cells, respectively. Multivariate, univariate and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to identify significantly altered metabolites and pathways. Rigorous metabolite identification was carried out using authentic standards, the Mgryph-specific metabolite database and MS/MS mzCloud database. PCA and OPLS-DA showed clear separation and clustering of sample groups with cross-validation values of R2X = 0.76, R2Y = 0.99 and Q2 = 0.98 in OPLS-DA. As a result, 50 metabolites linked to 45 metabolic pathways were found to be significantly altered in the tested conditions, including: glycine, serine and threonine; butanoate; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and; pyruvate and citric acid cycle (TCA) metabolisms. Our findings demonstrate the potential of LC-MS to characterise key metabolites in Mgryph and will contribute to further understanding the metabolic mechanisms that affect Mgryph growth and magnetosome formation. Metabolic pathways in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 are significantly altered under microaerobic (O2-limited) growth conditions enabling magnetosome formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Abdelrazig
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK +44 (0)115 74 84697
| | - Laudina Safo
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK +44 (0)115 74 84697
| | - Graham A Rance
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Michael W Fay
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Eirini Theodosiou
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK +44 (0)121 204 4870
| | - Paul D Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK +44 (0)121 204 4870
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK +44 (0)115 74 84697
| | - Alfred Fernández-Castané
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK +44 (0)121 204 4870.,Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute, Aston University Birmingham B4 7ET UK
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Durak GM, Laumann M, Wolf SLP, Pawar A, Gebauer D, Böttcher T. Pseudo-Biomineralization: Complex Mineral Structures Shaped by Microbes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5088-5096. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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