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Rahmani Z, Hosseini SS, Bagheri P, Dadashi M, Haghighi M, Goudarzi M. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from otitis externa: Emergence of CC30- spa t019-SCC mec IV carrying PVL as major genotype. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32002. [PMID: 38868027 PMCID: PMC11168311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of Staphylococcus aureus as the primary causative agent of otitis externa has been noted; however, detailed information regarding the molecular characteristics of these strains in Iran remains scarce. The current study aims to investigate both genotypic and phenotypic attributes of S. aureus strains implicated in ear infections. In the present work, we analyzed 60 S. aureus strains isolated from cases of otitis externa over a period of 45 months. The resistance patterns were determined using disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. All S. aureus isolates were confirmed by the nucA polymerase chain reaction assay, and their biofilm production was assessed by a microtiter plate assay. Molecular characterization of the isolates was performed using the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, multilocus sequence typing, and staphylococcus protein A typing methods. Overall, the results indicated that 44 out of 60 S. aureus isolates (73.3 %) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Resistance to mupirocin and vancomycin was observed in 13.3 % and 1.7 % of the tested isolates, respectively. Furthermore, out of the 60 S. aureus isolates, 56 strains (93.4 %) were classified as positive biofilm strains at different levels. Twelve distinct clonal lineages were identified. The vast majority of S. aureus isolates belonged to CC30/ST30-MRSA IV/t019 (41.7 %). Among the 31 strong biofilm producers, the majority (64.5 %) belonged to CC30/ST30-MRSA IV/t019 clone. Biofilm negative isolates belonged to CC22/ST22 (2 isolates), CC8/ST585 (one isolate), and CC8/ST8 (one isolate). Our result revealed that about three-quarters of PVL-positive strains belonged to CC30/ST30. Our data confirmed the presence of MSSA strains among CC30/ST30 and CC22/ST22 isolates. The mupirocin resistant isolates (n = 8) belonged to CC8/ST585-MRSA III/t713 (37.5 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t030 (25 %), CC8/ST8-MRSA IV/t008 (12.5 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t037 (12.5 %), and CC22/ST22-MRSA IV/t790 (12.5 %) lineages. The VRSA strain belonged to the CC8/ST8-MRSA IV/t008 lineage, carrying the vanA determinant. iMLSB phenotypes (n = 14) were distributed across different lineages, including CC30/ST30-MRSA IV/t019 (21.5 %), CC30/ST30-MSSA/t021 (21.5 %), CC22/ST22-MSSA/t005 (14.3 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t030 (14.3 %), CC22/ST22-MSSA/t1869 (7.1 %), CC22/ST22-MRSA IV/t790 (7.1 %), CC8/ST239-MRSA III/t037 (7.1 %), and CC1/ST772-MRSA IV/t10795 (7.1 %). These findings highlight significant genotypic diversity and high biofilm formation among our isolates. The frequent occurrence of the CC/ST30 clone in S. aureus strains isolated from otitis externa reflects the emergence of these lineages as a predominant clone in Iran, posing a significant public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rahmani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Loghman Hospital, Shahid-Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmida Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti 7 University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Haghighi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Hossein Teaching and Medical Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yamaguchi T, Furuno K, Komori K, Abe T, Sato T, Ogihara S, Aoki K, Ishii Y, Tateda K. Evolutionary dynamics of the novel ST22-PT methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone co-harbouring Panton-Valentine leucocidin and duplicated toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 genes. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:779-786. [PMID: 38408643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, the isolation of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harbouring both the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) genes is rare. However, we encountered an outbreak of the ST22-PT clone exhibiting this phenotype in Japan. Notably, the TSST-1 gene was duplicated in most of the strains. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this gene duplication. METHODS A total of 90 MRSA isolates were collected from the skin of outpatients in Fukuoka City, Japan, between 2017 and 2019. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on MRSA strains that were PVL and TSST-1 positive. RESULTS A total of 43 (47.8%) strains produced TSST-1, 20 (22.2%) produced PVL, and 16 (17.8%) produced both. Fifteen isolates were classified as ST22/SCCmec type IVa (ST22-PT clone) and one as ST1/SCCmec type V (ST1-PT clone). Three distinct ST22-PT clones were identified: Fukuoka clone I (one PVL gene and one TSST-1 gene), Fukuoka clone II (addition of a TSST-1 gene to Fukuoka clone I), and Fukuoka clone III (marked by a chromosomal inversion in a large region from Fukuoka clone II). DISCUSSION Fukuoka clone I may have integrated a novel pathogenicity island bearing the TSST-1 gene, leading to the emergence of Fukuoka clone II with a duplicated TSST-1 gene. This duplication subsequently instigated a chromosomal inversion in a large region owing to the homologous sequence surrounding TSST-1, giving rise to Fukuoka clone III. These findings provide crucial insights into the genetic evolution of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Furuno
- Department of General Pediatrics & Emergency Medicine, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Komori
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of General Medicine and Emergency Care, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogihara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Aoki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Navidinia M, Zamani S, Mohammadi A, Araghi S, Amini C, Pourhossein B, Goudarzi M. Hospital-Related Lineage of USA300 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to Cause Bacteremia in Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8335385. [PMID: 37096227 PMCID: PMC10122600 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8335385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes bloodstream infections. This study is aimed at assessing the genotypic characteristics of S. aureus strains responsible for bloodstream infections. An epidemiological study was conducted using 85 S. aureus strains isolated from bloodstream infections. Susceptibility was tested using the broth microdilution method and disk diffusion. All detected methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were confirmed by mecA PCR assays. S. aureus isolated from bacteremia were characterized using SCCmec, spa, and multilocus sequence typing methods. The prevalence of S. aureus strains responsible for bloodstream infections was 38.8%. All isolates were MRSA. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was present in 84.7% of isolates. MRSA isolated categorized within six clonal complexes including CC8 (60%), CC22 (22.4%), CC5 (5.9%), CC30 (4.7%), CC45 (4.7%), and CC59 (2.3%). The main lineages found were USA300/CC8-MRSA-IV/t008 (41.2%), followed by ST22-SCCmecIV/t790 (9.4%), ST239-SCCmecIII/t037 (7.1%), ST22-SCCmecIV/t032 (7.1%), ST239-SCCmecIII/t631 (5.9%), ST239-SCCmecIII/t860 (5.9%), ST22-SCCmecIV/t852 (5.9%), ST5-SCCmecIV/t002 (4.7%), ST45-SCCmecIV/t038 (4.7%), ST30-SCCmecIV/t318 (4.7%), ST59-SCCmecIV/t437 (2.3%), and ST225-SCCmecII/t045 (1.1%). Resistance to vancomycin amounted to 5.9% of isolates that belonged to ST239-SCCmecIII/t037 (80%) and ST8-SCCmecIV/t008 (20%). The emergence of USA300 strains in bloodstream infections in our country is a serious alarm and highlights the significant invasion of this lineage into the healthcare system. MDR patterns among these strains appear to be becoming the biggest problem in healthcare treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Navidinia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Zamani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anis Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Araghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chakameh Amini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Pourhossein
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lynch JP, Zhanel GG. Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among MRSA part 1: focus on global spread. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:99-113. [PMID: 36470275 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2154653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus produce numerous virulence factors that influence tissue invasion, cytotoxicity, membrane damage, and intracellular persistence allowing them to be very common human pathogens. S. aureus isolates exhibit considerable diversity though specific genotypes have been associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and toxin gene profiles. MRSA is an important pathogen causing both community-acquired (CA) and healthcare-acquired (HCA) infections. Importantly, over the past several decades, both HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA have spread all over the globe. Even more concerning is that CA-MRSA clones have disseminated into hospitals and HCA-MRSA have entered the community. Factors that enhance spread of MRSA include: poor antimicrobial stewardship and inadequate infection control. The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) MRSA has limited therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the escalation of MRSA, both HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA across the globe. A literature search of MRSA was performed via PubMed (up to September 2022), using the key words: antimicrobial resistance; β-lactams; community-associated MRSA; epidemiology; infection; multidrug resistance; Staphylococcus aureus. EXPERT OPINION Over the past several decades, MRSA has spread all over the globe. We encourage the judicious use of antimicrobials in accordance with antimicrobial stewardship programs along with infection control measures to minimize the spread of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at Ucla, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George G Zhanel
- Professor-Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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M S, Mulki SS, Shenoy S, Dhanashree B, M C, Bhat G. Heterogeneous Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients - A Hospital-Based Comparative Study. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:9-17. [PMID: 36636375 PMCID: PMC9830051 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s393415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the infections caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with emphasis on heterogeneous vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and their comparison. Patients and Methods S. aureus strains isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic patients admitted in four tertiary care hospitals in Coastal Karnataka, South India, were tested for methicillin resistance and included in the present study. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were collected using structured proforma. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and MLSB phenotypes were identified using the D-test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined using agar dilution. MRSA isolates were tested for hVISA using vancomycin screen agar and population analysis profile - area under the curve (PAP-AUC) test. Statistical analysis of the results was done using the chi-square test. SPSS version 29.0 was used for this purpose. Results Out of 665 strains of S. aureus isolated, 220 (33.1%) were MRSA. Of these 220 MRSA strains, 122 (55.5%) and 98 (44.5%) were isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the antimicrobial resistance patterns of MRSA strains isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Foot infections and osteomyelitis caused by MRSA were significantly more among diabetic patients. Out of 220 strains of MRSA, 14 (6.4%) were hVISA. The rates of hVISA among MRSA isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic were 9.0% and 3.1%, respectively. This difference was statistically not significant. Conclusion The rate of hVISA among all MRSA isolates was 6.4%. The risk of hVISA infection was three times more in diabetic patients. The results emphasize the importance of the detection of hVISA among MRSA isolates especially from diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejisha M
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Shalini Shenoy Mulki
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Biranthabail Dhanashree
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Chakrapani M
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Gopalakrishna Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India,Correspondence: Gopalakrishna Bhat, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India, Tel +91 9480424729, Email
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Boswihi SS, Verghese T, Udo EE. Diversity of clonal complex 22 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Kuwait hospitals. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:970924. [PMID: 35992657 PMCID: PMC9386227 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.970924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CC22-MRSA is a major MRSA lineage that is widely reported globally. To characterize CC22-MRSA for trends in antibiotic resistance and emergence of variants, a total of 636 CC22 isolates identified by DNA microarray in 2016 (n = 195), 2017 (n = 227) and 2018 (n = 214) were investigated further using staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing and multilocus sequence typing. The isolates belonged to 109 spa types dominated by t223 (n = 160), t032 (n = 60), t852 (n = 59), t005 (n = 56) and t309 (n = 30) and 10 sequence types (STs) dominated by ST22 (85.5%). Genotypes CC22-MRSA-IV [tst1+]; CC22-MRSA-IV UK-EMRSA-15/Barnim EMRSA variants, CC22-MRSA-IV [PVL+], CC22-MRSA-IV [tst1+/PVL+] and CC22-MRSA-IV + V constituted >50% of the isolates. An increase from 2016 to 2018 were shown in isolates belonging to spa types t223 (43 to 62), t032 (18 to 27) and t309 (10 to 15) and genotypes CC22-MRSA-IV [tst1+] (89 to 102), CC22-MRSA-IV + V (12 to 30) and CC22-MRSA-IV [tst1+/PVL+] (12 to 22). Ninety-nine CC22-MRSA isolates were multi-resistant to three or more antibiotic classes with 76.7% of them belonging to CC22-MRSA-IV [PVL+] and CC22-MRSA-IV [tst1+/PVL+]. The study revealed an ongoing domination of the CC22-MRSA-[tst1+] genotype and the emergence of new clones bearing SCCmec IV + V and multiply resistant variants.
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Abdel-Karim SAAM, El-Ganiny AMA, El-Sayed MA, Abbas HAA. Promising FDA-approved drugs with efflux pump inhibitory activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272417. [PMID: 35905077 PMCID: PMC9337675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes wide range of nosocomial and community-acquired infections which have spread worldwide leading to an urgent need for developing effective anti-staphylococcal agents. Efflux is an important resistance mechanism that bacteria used to fight the antimicrobial action. This study aimed to investigate the efflux mechanism in S. aureus and assess diclofenac, domperidone, glyceryl trinitrate and metformin as potential efflux pump inhibitors that can be used in combination with antibiotics for treating topical infections caused by S. aureus. Materials and methods Efflux was detected qualitatively by the ethidium bromide Cart-Wheel method followed by investigating the presence of efflux genes by polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six isolates were selected for further investigation of efflux by Cart-Wheel method in absence and presence of tested compounds followed by quantitative efflux assay. Furthermore, antibiotics minimum inhibitory concentrations in absence and presence of tested compounds were determined. The effects of tested drugs on expression levels of efflux genes norA, fexA and tetK were determined by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Results Efflux was found in 65.3% of isolates, the prevalence of norA, tetK, fexA and msrA genes were 91.7%, 77.8%, 27.8% and 6.9%. Efflux assay revealed that tested drugs had potential efflux inhibitory activities, reduced the antibiotic’s MICs and significantly decreased the relative expression of efflux genes. Conclusion Diclofenac sodium, domperidone and glyceryl trinitrate showed higher efflux inhibitory activities than verapamil and metformin. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that diclofenac sodium, glyceryl trinitrate and domperidone have efflux pump inhibitory activities against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mona Abdelmonem El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Laceb ZM, Diene SM, Lalaoui R, Kihal M, Chergui FH, Rolain JM, Hadjadj L. Genetic Diversity and Virulence Profile of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Western Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070971. [PMID: 35884225 PMCID: PMC9312111 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcusaureus causes a wide range of life-threatening infections. In this study, we determined its prevalence in the hospital environment and investigated nasal carriage among healthcare workers and patients admitted to a hospital in western Algeria. A total of 550 specimens were collected. An antibiogram was performed and the genes encoding resistance to methicillin, inducible clindamycin and toxins were sought among the 92 S. aureus isolates. The spread of clones with a methicillin- and/or clindamycin-resistance phenotype between these ecosystems was studied using genomic analysis. A prevalence of 27%, 30% and 13% of S. aureus (including 2.7%, 5% and 1.25% of MRSA) in patients, healthcare workers and the hospital environment were observed, respectively. The presence of the mecA, erm, pvl and tsst-1 genes was detected in 10.9%, 17.4%, 7.6% and 18.5% of samples, respectively. Sequencing allowed us to identify seven sequence types, including three MRSA-IV-ST6, two MRSA-IV-ST80-PVL+, two MRSA-IV-ST22-TSST-1, two MRSA-V-ST5, and one MRSA-IV-ST398, as well as many virulence genes. Here, we reported that both the hospital environment and nasal carriage may be reservoirs contributing to the spread of the same pathogenic clone persisting over time. The circulation of different pathogenic clones of MRSA, MSSA, and iMLSB, as well as the emergence of at-risk ST398 clones should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoua Mentfakh Laceb
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria; (Z.M.L.); (F.H.C.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mabrouk Kihal
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Ahmed Ben Bella Oran1, BP1524 El M’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Fella Hamaidi Chergui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria; (Z.M.L.); (F.H.C.)
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-8613-6930
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Prevalence and Clindamycin Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Associated Factors among Patients Attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:6503929. [PMID: 35747449 PMCID: PMC9213149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6503929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clindamycin can serve as an alternative treatment for staphylococcal infections. Routine susceptibility tests may fail to determine inducible type clindamycin resistance and can be a source of failure in clinical therapeutics. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) prevalence, inducible clindamycin resistance pattern, and associated factors among patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, northwest Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2018. Clinical samples were inoculated on appropriate culture media. Standard bacteriological tests, including Gram stain, catalase, and coagulase tests, identified the presence of S. aureus. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests and the D-test were performed by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique on the Mueller-Hinton agar. The D-test was performed using clindamycin (CLI) 2 ug and erythromycin (ERY) 15 ug disks located approximately 15 mm apart, and the cefoxitin susceptibility test was used to characterize methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The association between S. aureus infection and different variables was assessed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. Of 388 study participants, the overall prevalence of S. aureus was 17% (66/388). Of these, the inducible type of clindamycin resistance was 25.8% (17/66) and 21.2% (14/66) were MRSA. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and resistant to tetracycline. A family size of 4-6 (AOR = 2.627, 95% CI (1.030-6.702)) and >7 (AOR = 3.892, 95% CI (1.169-12.959)), inpatient study participants (AOR = 3.198, 95% CI (1.197-8.070)), illness in the previous 4 weeks (AOR = 2.116, 95% CI (1.080-4.145)), and a history of chronic disease (AOR = 0.265, 95% CI (0.094-0.750)) were likely to have S. aureus infection. Conclusion. This study shows a considerable high magnitude of MRSA and inducible clindamycin resistance S. aureus isolates. To rule out clindamycin susceptibility testing, the D-test should be routinely performed.
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Wang Q, Pan L, Han Y, Zhou Z. Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Enterocin CHQS Against Candida albicans. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:191. [PMID: 35552837 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, which is extremely harmful to health. The increasing fungal infections is requiring the rapid development of novel antifungal agents. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of CHQS, an enterocin isolated from Enterococcus faecalis TG2 against C. albicans was confirmed by the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and time-kill curve. Aniline blue and calcofluor white staining methods showed that CHQS remarkably affected β-1,3-glucan and chitin cell wall components and made cell wall more vulnerable. The C. albicans cell wall rupture and intracellular vacuolation were observed by TEM and SEM. Moreover, CHQS induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggested that CHQS might have a complex multi-target antimicrobial mechanism against C. albicans. In addition, the use of CHQS combined with amphotericin B showed synergistic antimicrobial effects against C. albicans. In conclusion, enterocin CHQS, a natural product with antimicrobial effect, might has a bright future for the development of new antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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11
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Hayashi T, Mori N, Yamaguchi T, Komori K, Sugiura T, Katayama M. Invasive pectoral abscess and costal osteomyelitis with bloodstream infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after nasal septoplasty in an immunocompetent adult patient. J Infect Chemother 2022; 28:1198-1202. [PMID: 35527174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are few reports of multilocus sequence type (ST) 5/staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec type IVc/toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1- positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections. We report a case of community-onset MRSA (CO-MRSA) bloodstream infection in a healthy 41-year-old Japanese man after nasal septoplasty, followed by pectoral abscess and costal osteomyelitis. The patient presented with right anterior chest pain and fever. After admission, MRSA was isolated from two sets of blood cultures, and vancomycin was administered. On the fifth day, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan showed an abscess in the right anterior chest to the right subpleural region. The dosage of vancomycin (4 g/day) did not reach the effective blood concentration; therefore, there was a switch to daptomycin. On the 23rd day, contrast-enhanced MRI revealed osteomyelitis of the right first rib, and as a result, linezolid was initiated. Two weeks later, contrast-enhanced CT of the chest showed improvement in the abscess. The patient was treated for 6 weeks during hospitalization and then switched to minocycline for 10 weeks. Molecular characterization of this isolate showed that it was ST5/SCCmec type IVc/TSST-1-positive/Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-negative. PVL-negative CO-MRSA can lead to hematogenous osteomyelitis and abscess even if the patient is immunocompetent, and if isolated from blood cultures, it is important to repeat imaging studies, even if the initial imaging studies were normal. It is possible that this strain contributes to the pathogenesis of invasive CO-MRSA, but further case accumulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Hayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kohji Komori
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Tokuko Sugiura
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Katayama
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, National Hospital Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
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12
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Fungwithaya P, Boonchuay K, Narinthorn R, Sontigun N, Sansamur C, Petcharat Y, Thomrongsuwannakij T, Wongtawan T. First study on diversity and antimicrobial-resistant profile of staphylococci in sports animals of Southern Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:765-774. [PMID: 35497942 PMCID: PMC9047138 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.765-774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococci are commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens found on the skin and mucosa. Sports animals are more prone to injury and illness, and we believe that antimicrobial agents might be extensively used for the treatment and cause the existence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and AMR profile of staphylococci in sports animals (riding horses, fighting bulls, and fighting cocks) in South Thailand. Materials and Methods: Nasal (57 fighting bulls and 33 riding horses) and skin swabs (32 fighting cocks) were taken from 122 animals. Staphylococci were cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar and then identified species by biochemical tests using the VITEK® 2 card for Gram-positive organisms in conjunction with the VITEK® 2 COMPACT machine and genotypic identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed with VITEK® 2 AST-GN80 test kit cards and VITEK® 2 COMPACT machine. Detection of AMR genes (mecA, mecC, and blaZ) and staphylococcal chromosomal mec (SCCmec) type was evaluated by PCR. Results: Forty-one colonies of staphylococci were isolated, and six species were identified, including Staphylococcus sciuri (61%), Staphylococcus pasteuri (15%), Staphylococcus cohnii (10%), Staphylococcus aureus (7%), Staphylococcus warneri (5%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2%). Staphylococci were highly resistant to two drug classes, penicillin (93%) and cephalosporin (51%). About 56% of the isolates were methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and the majority was S. sciuri (82%), which is primarily found in horses. Most MRS (82%) were multidrug-resistant. Almost all (96%) of the mecA-positive MRS harbored the blaZ gene. Almost all MRS isolates possessed an unknown type of SCCmec. Interestingly, the AMR rate was notably lower in fighting bulls and cocks than in riding horses, which may be related to the owner’s preference for herbal therapy over antimicrobial drugs. Conclusion: This study presented many types of staphylococci displayed on bulls, cocks, and horses. However, we found a high prevalence of MRS in horses that could be transmitted to owners through close contact activities and might be a source of AMR genotype transmission to other staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punpichaya Fungwithaya
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other Microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Kanpapat Boonchuay
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Ruethai Narinthorn
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Narin Sontigun
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other Microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Chalutwan Sansamur
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Yotsapat Petcharat
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160; Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other Microorganisms, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand 80160
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13
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Staphylococcus aureus with inducible clindamycin resistance and methicillin resistance in a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:99. [PMID: 34961568 PMCID: PMC8711148 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a global public health issue in both community and hospital settings. Management of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections are tough owing to its resistance to many antibiotics. Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics are commonly used for the management of MRSA. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence of inducible clindamycin- and methicillin-resistant S. aureus at a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods A total of 1027 clinical samples were processed following standard laboratory procedures and antibiotic susceptibility testing of S. aureus was performed by disc diffusion method. MRSA isolates were detected phenotypically using cefoxitin disc, and inducible clindamycin resistance was detected phenotypically using the D-zone test. Results Of 1027 samples, 321 (31.2%) were culture positive, of which 38 (11.8%) were S. aureus. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, and 25 (67%) of S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant. Similarly, 15 (39.5%) of S. aureus were MRSA and 14 (36.5%) were inducible clindamycin-resistant phenotypes. Conclusion Inducible clindamycin and methicillin resistance were common in S. aureus. This emphasizes that the methicillin resistance test and the D-zone test should be incorporated into the routine antibiotic susceptibility testing in hospital settings.
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Pradhan S, Regmi SM, Shrestha N. Inducible Clindamycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Patients Attending Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:1111-1115. [PMID: 35199757 PMCID: PMC9124341 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus, a superbug, resistant to multiple antibiotics led to growing interest in the usage of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics, which are now rapidly developing resistance. This study aims to find the prevalence of inducible clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among obtained clinical samples from in-patient and out-patient departments of a tertiary care center. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in clinical samples from the in-patient and out-patient departments of a tertiary care center from September 2020-May 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 068/2077/2078). Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin and methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus were detected using D-test and cefoxitin disc according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Convenient sampling was done and the data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS Among a total of 141 Staphylococcus aureus isolated, the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistant phenotype was 41 (29.1%) (21.6-36.59 at 95% Confidence Interval). Whereas, 30 (21.3%) were constitutive clindamycin resistant. The inducible 28 (47.5%) and 19 (32.2%) constitutive clindamycin resistance was higher among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of inducible clindamycin resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was high, which alarms the use of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus infections. Hence, D-test should be performed to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in routine testing to prevent treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Pradhan
- Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Sanjib Mani Regmi
- Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Nabina Shrestha
- Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
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15
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Faezi NA, Hasani A, Soltani E, Valizadeh V, Hasani A, Khabbaz A, Rezaee MA, Varschochi M. Plausible challenges of methicillin and clindamycin resistance detection in Staphylococcus aureus. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains in Iran: A contemporaneous systematic review and meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Najafi Olya Z, Najar-Peerayeh S, Yadegar A, Bakhshi B. Clonal diversity and genomic characterization of Panton-valentine Leukocidin (PVL)-positive Staphylococcus aureus in Tehran, Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:372. [PMID: 33882854 PMCID: PMC8058961 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some Staphylococcus aureus strains produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a bi-component pore-forming toxin, which causes leukocyte lysis and tissue necrosis. Currently, there is very limited information on the molecular epidemiology of PVL-encoding S. aureus strains in Iran. This study aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology and genetic background of PVL-positive S. aureus clinical strains isolated from Iranian patients. Methods A total of 28 PVL-positive S. aureus strains were detected from 600 S. aureus isolates between February 2015 and March 2018 from different hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Molecular genotyping was performed using SCCmec and accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, PVL haplotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results The highest antibiotic resistance rate was found to be against erythromycin (57.1%), followed by ciprofloxacin (42.8%) and clindamycin (35.7%). Moreover, 19 (67.9%) out of 28 S. aureus isolates were identified as MRSA, including CA-MRSA (14/19, 73.7%) and HA-MRSA (5/19, 26.3%). SCCmec type IVa was detected as the predominant type (10/19, 52.6%), followed by type III (5/19, 26.3%) and type V (4/19, 21.1%). The agr type I was identified as the most common type (14/28, 50%), and H and R haplotype groups were observed at frequencies of 67.9 and 32.1%, respectively. Among H variants, the predominant variant was H2 (78/9%). The isolates encompassed 21 different sequence types (STs), including 16 new STs (ST5147 to ST5162). Based on eBURST analysis, the isolates were clustered into five CCs, including CC30, CC22, CC1, CC8, and CC5 (ST5160), and nine singletons. PFGE typing showed that 24 isolates were clustered into A (4 pulsotypes), B (9 pulsotypes), and C (11 pulsotypes) clusters. Conclusions A high prevalence of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains was detected in Iran. The majority of PVL-positive isolates were of H (mostly H2) variant, while R variant was harbored by 100% of PVL-positive MRSA strains. Also, CC8, CC22, and CC30 were identified as the dominant clones among PVL-encoding S. aureus strains. This study promotes a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PVL-positive S. aureus strains in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Najafi Olya
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal-Ale-Ahmad Ave, Tehran, 14117-13116, Iran.
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Goudarzi M, Navidinia M, Dadashi M, Hashemi A, Pouriran R. First report of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecC gene in human samples from Iran: prevalence and molecular characteristics. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 39:100832. [PMID: 33425366 PMCID: PMC7777544 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of information concerning mecC clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains throughout the world. In the present survey, 345 MRSA strains were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) typing. mecC-positive MRSA isolates were characterized by study of biofilm formability, adhesion and virulence analysis, multilocus sequence typing, accessory gene regulator (agr) typing, S. aureus protein A locus (spa) typing and staphylocoagulase typing. The present study found ten SCCmec types, with the majority being SCCmec type III (38.3%). The presence of mecC was confirmed in three isolates from skin wounds (two isolates) and burn wounds (one isolate). All the mecC-positive isolates carried SCCmec XI and belonged to coa type III. Molecular typing showed that these isolates belonged to clonal complex/ST130-spa type t843-agr type III (two isolates) and clonal complex/ST599-spa type 5930-agr type I. The presence of SCCmec type IV confirms the hypothesis of extensive infiltration from the community to the hospital. Detection of MRSA isolates harbouring the mecC gene highlights the need to perform routine detection methods and molecular investigations in order to identify these emerging strains and limit their transfer in hospitals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Goudarzi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Navidinia
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - A Hashemi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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