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Lanzillo F, Pisacane S, Raganati F, Russo ME, Salatino P, Marzocchella A. Optimization of CO fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans in batch reactors: Effects of the medium composition. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102855. [PMID: 38614289 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of medium composition on CO fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans. The focus was to reduce the medium cost preserving acceptable levels of solvent production. METHODS Yeast extract (YE) concentration was set in the range of 0-3 g/L. Different reducing agents were investigated, including cysteine-HCl 0.6 g/L, pure cysteine 0.6 g/L, sodium sulphide (Na2S) 0.6 g/L, cysteine-sodium sulphide 0.6 g/L and cysteine-sodium sulphide 0.72 g/L. The concentration of the metal solution was decreased down to 25 % of the standard value. Fermentation tests were also carried out with and without tungsten or selenium. RESULTS The results demonstrated that under optimized conditions, namely yeast extract (YE) concentration set at 1 g/L, pure cysteine as the reducing agent and trace metal concentration reduced to 75 % of the standard value, reasonable solvent production was achieved in less than 150 h. Under these operating conditions, the production levels were found to be 1.39 g/L of ethanol and 0.27 g/L of butanol. Furthermore, the study revealed that selenium was not necessary for C. carboxidivorans fermentation, whereas the presence of tungsten played a crucial role in both cell growth and solvent production. CONCLUSIONS The optimization of the medium composition in CO fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans is crucial for cost-effective solvent production. Tuning the yeast extract (YE) concentration, using pure cysteine as the reducing agent and reducing trace metal concentration contribute to reasonable solvent production within a relatively short fermentation period. Tungsten is essential for cell growth and solvent production, while selenium is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lanzillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering-Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - S Pisacane
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering-Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - F Raganati
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering-Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli Italy.
| | - M E Russo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie per l'Energia e la Mobilità Sostenibili - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - P Salatino
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering-Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - A Marzocchella
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering-Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli Italy
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2
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Harahap BM, Ahring BK. Acetate Production from Syngas Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials along with Gaseous Fermentation of the Syngas: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040995. [PMID: 37110418 PMCID: PMC10143712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation of lignocellulose-derived synthetic gas (syngas) into acetic acid is a promising way of creating biochemicals from lignocellulosic waste materials. Acetic acid has a growing market with applications within food, plastics and for upgrading into a wide range of biofuels and bio-products. In this paper, we will review the microbial conversion of syngas to acetic acid. This will include the presentation of acetate-producing bacterial strains and their optimal fermentation conditions, such as pH, temperature, media composition, and syngas composition, to enhance acetate production. The influence of syngas impurities generated from lignocellulose gasification will further be covered along with the means to alleviate impurity problems through gas purification. The problem with mass transfer limitation of gaseous fermentation will further be discussed as well as ways to improve gas uptake during the fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budi Mandra Harahap
- Bioproducts, Science, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tri-Cities, 2710, Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, L. J. Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Birgitte K Ahring
- Bioproducts, Science, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University Tri-Cities, 2710, Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Washington State University, L. J. Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Wegner Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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3
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Fernández-Blanco C, Robles-Iglesias R, Naveira-Pazos C, Veiga MC, Kennes C. Production of biofuels from C 1 -gases with Clostridium and related bacteria-Recent advances. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:726-741. [PMID: 36661185 PMCID: PMC10034633 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium spp. are suitable for the bioconversion of C1 -gases (e.g., CO2 , CO and syngas) into different bioproducts. These products can be used as biofuels and are reviewed here, focusing on ethanol, butanol and hexanol, mainly. The production of higher alcohols (e.g., butanol and hexanol) has hardly been reviewed. Parameters affecting the optimization of the bioconversion process and bioreactor performance are addressed as well as the pathways involved in these bioconversions. New aspects, such as mixotrophy and sugar versus gas fermentation, are also reviewed. In addition, Clostridia can also produce higher alcohols from the integration of the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and the reverse ß-oxidation pathway, which has also not yet been comprehensively reviewed. In the latter process, the acetogen uses the reducing power of CO/syngas to reduce C4 or C6 fatty acids, previously produced by a chain elongating microorganism (commonly Clostridium kluyveri), into the corresponding bioalcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernández-Blanco
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research-Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Raúl Robles-Iglesias
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research-Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Cecilia Naveira-Pazos
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research-Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - María C Veiga
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research-Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research-Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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4
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Schulz S, Molitor B, Angenent LT. Acetate augmentation boosts the ethanol production rate and specificity by Clostridium ljungdahlii during gas fermentation with pure carbon monoxide. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128387. [PMID: 36435417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recycling waste gases from industry is vital for the transition toward a circular economy. The model microbe Clostridium ljungdahlii reduces carbon from syngas and primarily produces acetate and ethanol. Here, a gas fermentation experiment is presented in chemostats with C. ljungdahlii and pure carbon monoxide (CO) as feedstock while entirely omitting yeast extract. A maximum ethanol production rate of 0.07 ± 0.01 g L-1 h-1 and a maximum average ethanol/acetate ratio of 1.41 ± 0.39 was observed under steady-state conditions. This confirmed that CO as the sole feedstock pushes the metabolism toward more reduced fermentation products. This effect was even more pronounced when 15 mM sodium acetate was added to the feed medium. An ethanol production rate of 0.23 ± 0.01 g L-1 h-1 was achieved, representing an increase of more than 240%. This increase was accompanied by an increase in cell density and selectivity toward ethanol, with a maximum average ethanol/acetate ratio of 92.96 ± 28.39. Oxygen contaminations voided this effect, although the cultures were still able to maintain a stable biomass concentration and ethanol production rate. These findings highlight the potential of CO-fermentation with acetate augmentation and the importance of preventing oxygen contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schulz
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bastian Molitor
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Largus T Angenent
- Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Germany; AG Angenent, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max Planck Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 36, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation CO(2) Research Center (CORC), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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5
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Oh HJ, Gong G, Ahn JH, Ko JK, Lee SM, Um Y. Effective hexanol production from carbon monoxide using extractive fermentation with Clostridium carboxidivorans P7. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128201. [PMID: 36374655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study achieved high production of hexanol via gas fermentation using Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 by extracting hexanol from the fermentation broth. The hexanol extraction efficiency and inhibitory effects on C. carboxidivorans P7 of 2-butyl-1-octanol, hexyl hexanoate and oleyl alcohol were examined, and oleyl alcohol was selected as the extraction solvent. Oleyl alcohol was added at the beginning of fermentation and during fermentation or a small volume of oleyl alcohol was repeatedly added during fermentation. The addition of a small volume of oleyl alcohol during fermentation was the most effective for CO consumption and hexanol production (5.06 g/L), yielding the highest known hexanol titer through any type of fermentation including gas fermentation. Hexanol production was further enhanced to 8.45 g/L with the repeated addition of oleyl alcohol and ethanol during gas fermentation. The results of this study will enable sustainable and carbon-neutral hexanol production via gas fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongtaek Gong
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Ahn
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Kyong Ko
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsoon Um
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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He Y, Kennes C, Lens PNL. Enhanced solventogenesis in syngas bioconversion: Role of process parameters and thermodynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134425. [PMID: 35351479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels, such as ethanol and butanol, obtained from carbon monoxide-rich gas or syngas bioconversion (solventogenesis) are an attractive alternative to traditional fermentation processes with merits of no competition with food production and sustainability. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of some key process parameters and mechanisms enhancing solventogenesis during the fermentation process. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of the main influencing factors during the syngas fermentation process catalyzed by acetogenic species as well as undefined mixed cultures. The role of syngas pressure, syngas components, fermentation pH, temperature, trace metals, organic compounds and additional materials is overviewed. As a so far hardly considered approach, thermodynamic calculations of the Gibbs free energy of CO conversion to acetic acid, ethanol, butyric acid and butanol under different CO pressures and pH at 25, 33 and 55 °C are also addressed and reviewed. Strategies for enhancing mass transfer and longer carbon chain solvent production are considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxue He
- National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland; Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña (UDC), E-15008, La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Center for Advanced Scientific Research - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), BIOENGIN Group, University of La Coruña (UDC), E-15008, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Piet N L Lens
- National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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7
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Oh HJ, Ko JK, Gong G, Lee SM, Um Y. Production of Hexanol as the Main Product Through Syngas Fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans P7. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850370. [PMID: 35547160 PMCID: PMC9081523 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of hexanol from syngas by acetogens has gained attention as a replacement for petroleum-derived hexanol, which is widely used in the chemical synthesis and plastic industries. However, acetogenic bacteria generally produce C2 compounds (e.g., acetate and ethanol) as the main products. In this study, the gas fermentation conditions favorable for hexanol production were investigated at different temperatures (30-37°C) and CO gas contents (30-70%) in batch gas fermentation. Hexanol production increased from 0.02 to 0.09 g/L when the cultivation temperature was lowered from 37 to 30°C. As the CO content increased from 30 to 70%, the CO consumption rate and hexanol production (yield, titer, and ratio of C6 compound to total products) increased with the CO content. When 70% CO gas was repeatedly provided by flushing the headspace of the bottles at 30°C, the total alcohol production increased to 4.32 g/L at the expense of acids. Notably, hexanol production (1.90 g/L) was higher than that of ethanol (1.20 g/L) and butanol (1.20 g/L); this is the highest level of hexanol produced in gas fermentation to date and the first report of hexanol as the main product. Hexanol production was further enhanced to 2.34 g/L when 2 g/L ethanol was supplemented at the beginning of 70% CO gas refeeding fermentation. Particularly, hexanol productivity was significantly enhanced to 0.18 g/L/day while the supplemented ethanol was consumed, indicating that the conversion of ethanol to acetyl-CoA and reducing equivalents positively affected hexanol production. These optimized culture conditions (gas fermentation at 30°C and refeeding with 70% CO gas) and ethanol supplementation provide an effective and sustainable approach for bio-hexanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ja Kyong Ko
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gyeongtaek Gong
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngsoon Um
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Marcel M, Darina E, Patrick K, Aline H, Gabriele P, Stefan J, Jochen B. Impact of different trace elements on metabolic routes during heterotrophic growth of C. ljungdahlii investigated through online measurement of the carbon dioxide transfer rate. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3263. [PMID: 35434968 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis gas fermentation using acetogenic clostridia is a rapidly increasing research area. It offers the possibility to produce platform chemicals from sustainable C1 carbon sources. The Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP), which allows acetogens to grow autotrophically, is also active during heterotrophic growth. It acts as an electron sink and allows for the utilization of a wide variety of soluble substrates and increases ATP yields during heterotrophic growth. While glycolysis leads to CO2 evolution, WLP activity results in CO2 fixation. Thus, a reduction of net CO2 emissions during growth with sugars is an indicator of WLP activity. To study the effect of trace elements and ventilation rates on the interaction between glycolysis and the WLP, the model acetogen Clostridium ljungdahlii was cultivated in YTF medium, a complex medium generally employed for heterotrophic growth, with fructose as growth substrate. The recently reported anaRAMOS device was used for online measurement of metabolic activity, in form of CO2 evolution. The addition of multiple trace elements (iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, nickel, copper, selenium, and tungsten) was tested, to study the interaction between glycolysis and the Wood ljungdahl pathway. While the addition of iron(II) increased growth rates and ethanol production, added nickel(II) increased WLP activity and acetate formation, reducing net CO2 production by 28%. Also, higher CO2 availability through reduced volumetric gas flow resulted in 25% reduction of CO2 evolution. These online metabolic data demonstrate that the anaRAMOS is a valuable tool in the investigation of metabolic responses i.e. to determine nutrient requirements that results in reduced CO2 production. Thereby the media composition can be optimized depending on the specific goal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mann Marcel
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Effert Darina
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kottenhahn Patrick
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany.,Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hüser Aline
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipps Gabriele
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennewein Stefan
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, Aachen, Germany
| | - Büchs Jochen
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
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Repurposing anaerobic digestate for economical biomanufacturing and water recovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1419-1434. [PMID: 35122155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to mounting impacts of climate change, particularly increased incidence of drought, hence water scarcity, it has become imperative to develop new technologies for recovering water from nutrient-rich, water-replete effluents other than sewage. Notably, anaerobic digestate could be harnessed for the purpose of water recovery by repurposing digestate-borne minerals as nutrients in fermentative processes. The high concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, and metals in anaerobic digestate are veritable microbial nutrients that could be harnessed for bio-production of bulk and specialty chemicals. Tethering nutrient sequestration from anaerobic digestate to bio-product accumulation offers promise for concomitant water recovery, bio-chemical production, and possible phosphate recovery. In this review, we explore the potential of anaerobic digestate as a nutrient source and as a buffering agent in fermentative production of glutamine, glutamate, fumarate, lactate, and succinate. Additionally, we discuss the potential of synthetic biology as a tool for enhancing nutrient removal from anaerobic digestate and for expanding the range of products derivable from digestate-based fermentations. Strategies that harness the nutrients in anaerobic digestate with bio-product accumulation and water recovery could have far-reaching implications on sustainable management of nutrient-rich manure, tannery, and fish processing effluents that also contain high amounts of water. KEY POINTS: • Anaerobic digestate may serve as a source of nutrients in fermentation. • Use of digestate in fermentation would lead to the recovery of valuable water.
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10
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ACETONE-BUTYL FERMENTATION PECULIARITIES OF THE BUTANOL STRAINS -PRODUCER. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech15.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to generalize and analyze the features of acetone-butyl fermentation as a type of butyric acid fermentation in the process of obtaining butanol as an alternative biofuel. Methods. The methods of analysis and generalization of analytical information and literature sources were used in the review. The results were obtained using the following methods such as microbiological (morphological properties of strains), chromatographic (determination of solvent concentration), spectrophotometric (determination of bacterial concentration), and molecular genetic (phylogenetic analysis of strains). Results. The process of acetone-butyl fermentation was analyzed, the main producer strains were considered, the features of the relationship between alcohol formation and sporulation were described, the possibility of butanol obtaining from synthesis gas was shown, and the features of the industrial production of butanol were considered. Conclusions. The features of the mechanism of acetone-butyl fermentation (the relationships between alcohol formation and sporulation, the duration of the acid-forming and alcohol-forming stages during batch fermentation depending on the change in the concentration of H2, CO, partial pressure, organic acids and mineral additives) and obtaining an enrichment culture during the production of butanol as an alternative fuel were shown. The possibility of using synthesis gas as a substrate for reducing atmospheric emissions during the fermentation process was shown. The direction of increasing the productivity of butanol-producing strains to create a competitive industrial biofuel technology was proposed.
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Fan YX, Zhang JZ, Zhang Q, Ma XQ, Liu ZY, Lu M, Qiao K, Li FL. Biofuel and chemical production from carbon one industry flux gas by acetogenic bacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 117:1-34. [PMID: 34742365 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon one industry flux gas generated from fossil fuels, various industrial and domestic waste, as well as lignocellulosic biomass provides an innovative raw material to lead the sustainable development. Through the chemical and biological processing, the gas mixture composed of CO, CO2, and H2, also termed as syngas, is converted to biofuels and high-value chemicals. Here, the syngas fermentation process is elaborated to provide an overview. Sources of syngas are summarized and the influences of impurities on biological fermentation are exhibited. Acetogens and carboxydotrophs are the two main clusters of syngas utilizing microorganisms, their essential characters are presented, especially the energy metabolic scheme with CO, CO2, and H2. Synthetic biology techniques and microcompartment regulation are further discussed and proposed to create a high-efficiency cell factory. Moreover, the influencing factors in fermentation and products in carboxylic acids, alcohols, and others such like polyhydroxyalkanoate and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate are addressed. Biological fermentation from carbon one industry flux gas is a promising alternative, the latest scientific advances are expatiated hoping to inspire more creative transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Zhe Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Sinopec Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Zi-Yong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- Sinopec Dalian (Fushun) Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, Dalian, China.
| | - Fu-Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, China.
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Abstract
Energy consumption places growing demands on modern lifestyles, which have direct impacts on the world’s natural environment. To attain the levels of sustainability required to avoid further consequences of changes in the climate, alternatives for sustainable production not only of energy but also materials and chemicals must be pursued. In this respect, syngas fermentation has recently attracted much attention, particularly from industries responsible for high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Syngas can be obtained by thermochemical conversion of biomass, animal waste, coal, municipal solid wastes and other carbonaceous materials, and its composition depends on biomass properties and gasification conditions. It is defined as a gaseous mixture of CO and H2 but, depending on those parameters, it can also contain CO2, CH4 and secondary components, such as tar, oxygen and nitrogenous compounds. Even so, raw syngas can be used by anaerobic bacteria to produce biofuels (ethanol, butanol, etc.) and biochemicals (acetic acid, butyric acid, etc.). This review updates recent work on the influence of biomass properties and gasification parameters on syngas composition and details the influence of these secondary components and CO/H2 molar ratio on microbial metabolism and product formation. Moreover, the main challenges, opportunities and current developments in syngas fermentation are highlighted in this review.
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