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Darshan K, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Singh J, Saharan MS, Gurjar MS, Solanke AU. Characterization and development of transcriptome-derived novel EST-SSR markers to assess genetic diversity in Chaetomium globosum. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:379. [PMID: 37900266 PMCID: PMC10600081 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaetomium globosum Kunze, an internationally recognized biocontrol fungus. It mycoparasitizes various plant pathogens and produce antifungal metabolites to suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi. Lack of detailed genome level diversity studies has delimited the development and utilization of potential C. globosum strains. The present study was taken to reveal the distribution, identification, and characterization of expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) in C. globosum. RNA-Seq experiment was performed for C. globosum potential isolate Cg2 (AY429049) using Illumina HiSeq 2500. Reference-guided de novo assembly yielded 45,582 transcripts containing 27,957 unigenes. We generated a new set of 8485 EST-SSR markers distributed in 5908 unigene sequences with one SSR locus distribution density per 6.1 kb. Six distinct classes of SSR repeat motifs were identified. The most abundant were mononucleotide repeats (51.67%), followed by tri-nucleotides (36.61%). Out of 5034 EST-SSR primers, 50 primer pairs were selected and validated for the polymorphic study of 15 C. globosum isolates. Twenty-two SSR markers showed average genetic polymorphism among C. globosum isolates. The number of alleles (Na) per marker ranges from 2 to 4, with a total of 74 alleles detected for 22 markers with a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.4. UPGMA hierarchical clustering analysis generated three main clusters of C. globosum isolates and exhibited a lower similarity index range from 0.59 to 0.85. Thus, the newly developed EST-SSR markers could replace traditional methods for determining diversity. The study will also enhance the genomic research in C. globosum to explore its biocontrol potential against phytopathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03794-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Darshan
- Division of Plant Pathology, Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482021 India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - M. S. Gurjar
- Division of Plant Pathology, Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Amolkumar U. Solanke
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Zhang W, Yang Q, Yang L, Li H, Zhou W, Meng J, Hu Y, Wang L, Kang R, Li H, Ding S, Li G. High-Quality Nuclear Genome and Mitogenome of Bipolaris sorokiniana LK93, a Devastating Pathogen Causing Wheat Root Rot. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:452-456. [PMID: 36802869 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0196-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bipolaris sorokiniana, one of the most devastating hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens, causes root rot, crown rot, leaf blotching, and black embryos of gramineous crops worldwide, posing a serious threat to global food security. However, the host-pathogen interaction mechanism between B. sorokiniana and wheat remains poorly understood. To facilitate related studies, we sequenced and assembled the genome of B. sorokiniana LK93. Nanopore long reads and next generation sequencing short reads were applied in the genome assembly, and the final 36.4-Mb genome assembly contains 16 contigs with the contig N50 of 2.3 Mb. Subsequently, we annotated 11,811 protein-coding genes. Of these, 10,620 were functional genes, 258 of which were identified as secretory proteins, including 211 predicted effectors. Additionally, the 111,581-bp mitogenome of LK93 was assembled and annotated. The LK93 genomes presented in this study will facilitate research in the B. sorokiniana-wheat pathosystem for better control of crop diseases. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxing Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruijiao Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Meena BR, Yadav J, Saharan MS, Hussain Z. Temporal transcriptome of tomato elucidates the signaling pathways of induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance activated by Chaetomium globosum. Front Genet 2022; 13:1048578. [PMID: 36467997 PMCID: PMC9716087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. globosum is an endophytic fungus, which is recorded effective against several fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. The exclusively induce defense as mechanism of biocontrol for C. globosum against phyto-pathogens is reported. Our pervious study states the effectiveness of induced defense by C. globosum (Cg), in tomato against Alternaria solani. In this study the temporal transcriptome analysis of tomato plants after treatment with C. globosum was performed for time points at 0 hpCi, 12 hpCi, 24 hpCi and 96 phCi. The temporal expression analysis of genes belonging to defense signaling pathways indicates the maximum expression of genes at 12 h post Cg inoculation. The sequential progression in JA signaling pathway is marked by upregulation of downstream genes (Solyc10g011660, Solyc01g005440) of JA signaling at 24 hpCi and continued to express at same level upto 96 hpCi. However, the NPR1 (Solyc07g040690), the key regulator of SA signaling is activated at 12 h and repressed in later stages. The sequential expression of phenylpropanoid pathway genes (Solyc09g007920, Solyc12g011330, Solyc05g047530) marks the activation of pathway with course of time after Cg treatment that results in lignin formation. The plant defense signaling progresses in sequential manner with time course after Cg treatment. The results revealed the involvement of signaling pathways of ISR and SAR in systemic resistance induced by Cg in tomato, but with temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barnala, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rashmi Aggarwal,
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. Darshan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-TFRI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jagdish Yadav
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M. S. Saharan
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi, India
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N M, Manjunatha N, Li H, Sivasithamparam K, Jones MGK, Edwards I, Wylie SJ, Agarrwal R. Fungal endophytes from salt-adapted plants confer salt tolerance and promote growth in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) at early seedling stage. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35943865 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With increasing human global population, increased yield under saline conditions is a desirable trait for major food crops. Use of endophytes, isolated from halophytic hosts, seems to be an exciting approach for conferring salt tolerance to a salt-sensitive crop. Therefore, in the current study, fungal endophytes were isolated from halophytic plants' roots and their ability to withstand in vitro salt stress was evaluated. The fungal endophytes could withstand up to 1M NaCl concentrations and this tolerance was independent of their host or tissue source. When inoculated on salt-sensitive wheat seeds/seedlings, several of the endophytes showed a positive impact on germination and biomass-related parameters upon salt stress, both in vitro and under glasshouse conditions. One of the isolates from dicot plants (identified as Microsphaeropsis arundinis) could successfully colonize wheat and promote its growth under salt and no-salt conditions. Amongst the fungal isolates that are known to be natural endophytes of wheat, Chaetomium globosum was the best performing isolate and has previously been reported to be an effective biocontrol agent. Based on the results of our preliminary study, we suggest that these fungal endophytes could prove beneficial for enhancing the salt stress tolerance of wheat crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha N
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi- 284003, India.,ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur-413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nayana Manjunatha
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi- 284003, India
| | - Hua Li
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael G K Jones
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Edwards
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen J Wylie
- Plant Biotechnology Research Group - Virology, Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ruchi Agarrwal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur-413255, Maharashtra, India
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Tian Z, Du Y, Yang F, Zhao J, Liu S, Zhang D, Long CA. Chromosome Genome Sequencing and Comparative Transcriptome-Based Analyses of Kloeckera apiculata 34-9 Unveil the Potential Biocontrol Mechanisms Against Citrus Green Mold. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752529. [PMID: 34858366 PMCID: PMC8631199 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control is an environmentally friendly, safe, and replaceable strategy for disease management. Genome sequences of a certain biocontrol agent could lay a solid foundation for the research of molecular biology, and the more refined the reference genome, the more information it provides. In the present study, a higher resolution genome of Kloeckera apiculata 34-9 was assembled using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. A total of 8.07 M sequences of K. apiculata 34-9 genome was anchored onto 7 pesudochromosomes, which accounting for about 99.51% of the whole assembled sequences, and 4,014 protein-coding genes were annotated. Meanwhile, the detailed gene expression changes of K. apiculata 34-9 were obtained under low temperature and co-incubation with Penicillium digitatum treatments, respectively. Totally 254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected with low temperature treatment, of which 184 and 70 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Some candidate genes were significantly enriched in ribosome biosynthesis in eukaryotes and ABC transporters. The expression of gene Kap003732 and Kap001595 remained upregulated and downregulated through the entire time-points, respectively, indicating that they might be core genes for positive and negative response to low temperature stress. When co-incubation with P. digitatum, a total of 2,364 DEGs were found, and there were 1,247 upregulated and 1,117 downregulated genes, respectively. Biosynthesis of lysine and arginine, and phenylalanine metabolism were the highest enrichment of the cluster and KEGG analyses of the co-DEGs, the results showed that they might be involved in the positive regulation of K. apiculata 34-9 response to P. digitatum. The completeness of K. apiculata 34-9 genome and the transcriptome data presented here are essential for providing a high-quality genomic resource and it might serve as valuable molecular properties for further studies on yeast genome, expression pattern of biocontrol system, and postharvest citrus storage and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Du
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-An Long
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,National Centre of Citrus Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Singh J, Aggarwal R, Bashyal BM, Darshan K, Parmar P, Saharan MS, Hussain Z, Solanke AU. Transcriptome Reprogramming of Tomato Orchestrate the Hormone Signaling Network of Systemic Resistance Induced by Chaetomium globosum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:721193. [PMID: 34630468 PMCID: PMC8495223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.721193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chaetomium globosum is a potential biological control agent effective against various plant pathogens. Several reports are available on the mycoparastism and antibiosis mechanisms of C. globosum against plant pathogenic fungi, whereas a few states induced resistance. The potential induced defense component of C. globosum (Cg-2) was evaluated against early blight disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and further, global RNA sequencing was performed to gain deep insight into its mechanism. The expression of marker genes of hormone signaling pathways, such as PR1, PiII, PS, PAL, Le4, and GluB were analyzed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to determine the best time point for RNA sequencing. The transcriptome data revealed that 22,473 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed in tomato at 12 h post Cg-2 inoculation as compared with control plants and among these 922 DEGs had a fold change of -2 to +2 with p < 0.05. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGs were belonging to metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, chlorophyll metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that DEGs were enriched mainly related to binding activity (GO:0005488), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), metabolic process (GO:0008152), cellular process (GO:0009987), response to stimulus (GO:0050896), biological regulation (GO:0065007), and transcription regulator activity (GO:0140110). The gene modulations in hormone signaling transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPK) signaling indicated the upregulation of genes in these pathways. The results revealed active participation of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling transduction pathways which further indicated the involvement of induced systemic resistance (ISR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the systemic resistance induced by Cg-2 in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmohan Singh
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Aggarwal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K Darshan
- Forest Protection Division, IC FRE-Tropical Forest Research Institute, Jabalpur, India
| | - Pooja Parmar
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M S Saharan
- Fungal Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Zakir Hussain
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Amolkumar U Solanke
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, India
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Kaur B, Sandhu KS, Kamal R, Kaur K, Singh J, Röder MS, Muqaddasi QH. Omics for the Improvement of Abiotic, Biotic, and Agronomic Traits in Major Cereal Crops: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10101989. [PMID: 34685799 PMCID: PMC8541486 DOI: 10.3390/plants10101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, are becoming an integral part of virtually every commercial cereal crop breeding program, as they provide substantial dividends per unit time in both pre-breeding and breeding phases. Continuous advances in omics assure time efficiency and cost benefits to improve cereal crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the established omics methods in five major cereals, namely rice, sorghum, maize, barley, and bread wheat. We cover the evolution of technologies in each omics section independently and concentrate on their use to improve economically important agronomic as well as biotic and abiotic stress-related traits. Advancements in the (1) identification, mapping, and sequencing of molecular/structural variants; (2) high-density transcriptomics data to study gene expression patterns; (3) global and targeted proteome profiling to study protein structure and interaction; (4) metabolomic profiling to quantify organ-level, small-density metabolites, and their composition; and (5) high-resolution, high-throughput, image-based phenomics approaches are surveyed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwinder Kaur
- Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3200 E. Palm Beach Rd., Belle Glade, FL 33430, USA;
| | - Karansher S. Sandhu
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA;
| | - Roop Kamal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (R.K.); or (M.S.R.)
| | - Kawalpreet Kaur
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada;
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Marion S. Röder
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (R.K.); or (M.S.R.)
| | - Quddoos H. Muqaddasi
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany; (R.K.); or (M.S.R.)
- Correspondence: or
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