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Liu M, Hu R, Xia M, He X, Jin Y. Novel broad-spectrum bacteriophages against Xanthomonas oryzae and their biocontrol potential in rice bacterial diseases. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2075-2087. [PMID: 37300421 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS)-caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), respectively-are two major bacterial diseases that threaten the safe production of rice, one of the most important food crops. Bacteriophages are considered potential biocontrol agents against rice bacterial pathogens, due to their host specificity and environmental safety. It is common for BLB and BLS to occur together in fields, which highlights the need for broad-spectrum phages capable of infecting both Xoo and Xoc. In this study, two lytic broad-spectrum phages (pXoo2106 and pXoo2107) that can infect various strains of Xoo and Xoc were assessed. Both phages belong to the class Caudoviricetes and one of them to the family Autographiviridae, while the other belongs to an unclassified family. Two phages alone or combined in a phage cocktail could effectively inhibit Xoo and Xoc growth in vitro. In an in vivo biocontrol experiment, the phage cocktail reduced the total CFU and significantly eased the symptoms caused by Xoo or Xoc. Our results suggest that pXoo2106 and pXoo2107 have a broad-spectrum host range targeting different X. oryzae strains, and have strong biocontrol potential in field applications against both BLB and BLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mian Xia
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoqing He
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Safety in Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Sciallano C, Auguy F, Boulard G, Szurek B, Cunnac S. The Complete Genome Resource of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae CIX2779 Includes the First Sequence of a Plasmid for an African Representative of This Rice Pathogen. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:73-77. [PMID: 36537805 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-22-0191-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is responsible for the foliar rice bacterial blight disease. Genetically contrasted, continent-specific, sublineages of this species can cause important damages to rice production both in Asia and Africa. We report on the genome of the CIX2779 strain of this pathogen, previously named NAI1 and originating from Niger. Oxford Nanopore long reads assembly and Illumina short reads polishing produced a genome sequence composed of a 4,725,792-bp circular chromosome and a 39,798-bp-long circular plasmid designated pCIX2779_1. The chromosome structure and base-level sequence are highly related to reference strains of African X. oryzae pv. oryzae and encode identical transcription activator-like effectors for virulence. Importantly, our in silico analysis strongly indicates that pCIX2779_1 is a genuine conjugative plasmid, the first indigenous one sequenced from an African strain of the X. oryzae species. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Sciallano
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Auguy
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Boulard
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Szurek
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Cunnac
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Zhang B, Han X, Yuan W, Zhang H. TALEs as double-edged swords in plant-pathogen interactions: Progress, challenges, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100318. [PMID: 35576155 PMCID: PMC9251431 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas species colonize many host plants and cause huge losses worldwide. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by Xanthomonas and translocated into host cells to manipulate the expression of target genes, especially by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, which cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively, in rice. In this review, we summarize the progress of studies on the interaction between Xanthomonas and hosts, covering both rice and other plants. TALEs are not only key factors that make plants susceptible but are also essential components of plant resistance. Characterization of TALEs and TALE-like proteins has improved our understanding of TALE evolution and promoted the development of gene editing tools. In addition, the interactions between TALEs and hosts have also provided strategies and possibilities for genetic engineering in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Sivaraman S, Krishnamoorthy D, Arvind K, Grace T, Sharma J, Antony G. TAL effectors and the predicted host targets of pomegranate bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae. Curr Genet 2022; 68:361-373. [PMID: 35275250 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of pomegranate susceptibility to bacterial blight, a serious threat to pomegranate production in India, is largely unknown. In the current study, we have used PacBio and Illumina sequencing of Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae (Xcp) strain 119 genome to identify tal genes and RNA-Seq analysis to identify putative host targets in the susceptible pomegranate variety Bhagwa challenged with Xcp119. Xcp119 genome encodes seven transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), three of which are harbored by a plasmid. RVD-based phylogenetic analysis of TALEs of Xanthomonas citri pathovars indicate the TALEs of Xcp as evolutionarily and functionally close to Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum and Xanthomonas citri pv. glycines. Comparative RNA-Seq of Xcp and mock-inoculated leaf tissues revealed Xcp-induced pomegranate transcription modulation. The prediction of TALE binding elements (EBEs) in the promoters of up-regulated genes identified a set of TALE-targeted candidate genes in pomegranate-Xcp interaction. The predicted candidate susceptibility genes include two oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase gene, ethylene-responsive transcription factor and flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like gene, and the further characterization of these would enable blight resistance engineering in pomegranate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Sivaraman
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | | | - Kumar Arvind
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Tony Grace
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India
| | - Jyotsana Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre On Pomegranate, Kegaon, Solapur, 413255, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ginny Antony
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, 671320, Kerala, India.
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Diversity of transcription activator-like effectors and pathogenicity in strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola from Yunnan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:71. [PMID: 35258706 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate transcriptional activator-like effector (TALE) genes in 86 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola strains collected from 8 rice-growing regions in Yunnan, and to examine the relationship between TALE genotypes and virulence in 6 differential rice lines. Besides, the geographical areas, distribution of these genotypes were studied in detail. Genetic diversity was analyzed through the number and size of putative TALE genes based on TALE gene avrXa3 as a probe. We found that X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strains consist of variable number (13-27) of avrXa3-hybridizing fragments (putative TALE genes). Test strains were classified into 8 genotypes (G1-G8) with major genotypes G3 and G7 widely distributed in Yunnan. Pathogenicity of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola was evaluated by inoculating 6 differential rice lines with a single resistance gene into 9 pathotypes clusters (I-IX), the dominant Genotypes G3 and G7 consist of pathotypes I, II, and IV. Furthermore, we also detected the known TALE target genes expression in susceptible rice cultivar (cv. nipponbare) after inoculating 8 genotypes-representative X. oryzae pv. oryzicola strain. Correlation between the numbers of putative TALE genes of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola and relevant target genes in nipponbare confirmed up-regulation. Altogether, this study has given insights into the population structure of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola that may inform strategies to control BLS in rice.
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Doydora SA, Baars O, Harrington JM, Duckworth OW. Salicylate coordination in metal-protochelin complexes. Biometals 2021; 35:87-98. [PMID: 34837588 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element for bacteria that is utilized in myriad metalloenzymes that directly couple to the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon. In particular, Mo is found in the most common nitrogenase enzyme, and the scarcity and low bioavailability of Mo in soil may be a critical factor that contributes to the limitation of nitrogen fixation in forests and agroenvironments. To overcome this scarcity, microbes produce exudates that specifically chelate scarce metals, promoting their solubilization and uptake. Here, we have determined the structure and stability constants of Mo bound by protochelin, a siderophore produced by bacteria under Mo-depleted conditions. Spectrophotometric titration spectra indicated a coordination shift from a catecholate to salicylate binding mode for MoVI-protochelin (Mo-Proto) complexes at pH < 5. pKa values obtained from analysis of titrations were 4.8 ± 0.3 for MoVIO2H3Proto- and 3.3 ± 0.1 for MoVIO2H4Proto. The occurrence of negatively charged Mo-Proto complexes at pH 6 was also confirmed by mass spectrometry. K-edge Extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy confirmed the change in Mo coordination at low pH, and structural fitting provides insights into the physical architecture of complexes at neutral and acidic pH. These findings suggest that Mo can be chelated by protochelin across a wide environmental pH range, with a coordination shift occurring at pH < 5. This chelation and associated coordination shift may impact biological availability and mineral surface retention of Mo under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Doydora
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Oliver Baars
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - James M Harrington
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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