Genetic Sequence Data Evidence that Human Fecal‐associated
HF183
sequences Are on Human Skin and in Urine.
J Appl Microbiol 2022;
133:232-240. [PMID:
35429105 PMCID:
PMC9544380 DOI:
10.1111/jam.15577]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aims
The DNA marker HF183 is a partial 16S rRNA gene sequence highly specific to human‐associated Bacteroides including Bacteroides dorei. While HF183 is used to assess human faecal contamination in aquatic environments worldwide, little is known about the existence of HF183 and B. dorei in human microbiomes outside of the human gastrointestinal tract and faeces.
Methods and Results
Previously published human skin and urine microbiome data sets from five independent human body skin studies, the Human Microbiome Project (HMP) and three independent human urine studies were analysed. The HF183 gene sequence was detected in all skin data sets, with the ratios of positive samples ranging from 0.5% to 36.3%. Popliteal fossa (knee), volar forearm and inguinal (groin) creases were identified as hot spots. HF183 was detected in two of three urine data sets, with ratios of positive samples ranging from 0% to 37.5%. All HF183‐containing sequences from these data sets were classified as associated with B. dorei.
Conclusions
HF183 is widespread on human skin and present in urine.
Significance and Impact of Study
Skin and urine microbiomes could be sources of HF183 to environmental waters. Such non‐faecal sources of HF183 might explain low concentrations of HF183 in recreational waters when swimmers are present.
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