1
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Gao M, Tan F, Shen Y, Peng Y. Rapid detection method of bacterial pathogens in surface waters and a new risk indicator for water pathogenic pollution. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1614. [PMID: 38238351 PMCID: PMC10796392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a accurate, rapid quantitative PCR method for the simultaneous detection of 4 kinds of pathogenic bacteria in water was established, and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in surface waters with different levels of pollution (Yulin region, China) was detected. The results showed that the detection accuracy was 94%; the detection limit was 2.7 in bacterial cells. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium and Salmonella dysenteria were always present in water when the universal primer for pathogenic bacteria abundance detection was greater than 104 copies 100 mL-1. When the detection value is lower than 104 copy 100 mL-1, the bacteria in the water are rarely pathogenic bacteria, so the detection value of 104 copy 100 mL-1 can be used as a new indicator of waterborne pathogen pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feiyang Tan
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Shen
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Peng
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710000, People's Republic of China
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2
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Brasseale E, Feddersen F, Wu X, Zimmer-Faust AG, Giddings SN. Performance of a One-Dimensional Model of Wave-Driven Nearshore Alongshore Tracer Transport and Decay with Applications for Dry Weather Coastal Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14674-14683. [PMID: 37738549 PMCID: PMC10552543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Dry weather pollution sources cause coastal water quality problems that are not accounted for in existing beach advisory metrics. A 1D wave-driven advection and loss model was developed for a 30 km nearshore domain spanning the United States/Mexico border region. Bathymetric nonuniformities, such as the inlet and shoal near the Tijuana River estuary mouth, were neglected. Nearshore alongshore velocities were estimated by using wave properties at an offshore location. The 1D model was evaluated using the hourly output of a 3D regional hydrodynamic model. The 1D model had high skill in reproducing the spatially averaged alongshore velocities from the 3D model. The 1D and 3D models agreed on tracer exceedance or nonexceedance above a human illness probability threshold for 87% of model time steps. 1D model tracer was well-correlated with targeted water samples tested for DNA-based human fecal indicators. This demonstrates that a simple, computationally fast, 1D nearshore wave-driven advection model can reproduce nearshore tracer evolution from a 3D model over a range of wave conditions ignoring bathymetric nonuniformities at this site and may be applicable to other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Brasseale
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Falk Feddersen
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School
of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Rd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Amity G. Zimmer-Faust
- The
Nature Conservancy, 830 S Street, Sacramento, California 96811, United States
- Southern
California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Sarah N. Giddings
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Pendergraft MA, Belda-Ferre P, Petras D, Morris CK, Mitts BA, Aron AT, Bryant M, Schwartz T, Ackermann G, Humphrey G, Kaandorp E, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Prather KA. Bacterial and Chemical Evidence of Coastal Water Pollution from the Tijuana River in Sea Spray Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4071-4081. [PMID: 36862087 PMCID: PMC10018732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roughly half of the human population lives near the coast, and coastal water pollution (CWP) is widespread. Coastal waters along Tijuana, Mexico, and Imperial Beach (IB), USA, are frequently polluted by millions of gallons of untreated sewage and stormwater runoff. Entering coastal waters causes over 100 million global annual illnesses, but CWP has the potential to reach many more people on land via transfer in sea spray aerosol (SSA). Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found sewage-associated bacteria in the polluted Tijuana River flowing into coastal waters and returning to land in marine aerosol. Tentative chemical identification from non-targeted tandem mass spectrometry identified anthropogenic compounds as chemical indicators of aerosolized CWP, but they were ubiquitous and present at highest concentrations in continental aerosol. Bacteria were better tracers of airborne CWP, and 40 tracer bacteria comprised up to 76% of the bacteria community in IB air. These findings confirm that CWP transfers in SSA and exposes many people along the coast. Climate change may exacerbate CWP with more extreme storms, and our findings call for minimizing CWP and investigating the health effects of airborne exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Pendergraft
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Pedro Belda-Ferre
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel Petras
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- CMFI
Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and
Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Clare K. Morris
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brock A. Mitts
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Allegra T. Aron
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80210, United
States
| | - MacKenzie Bryant
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tara Schwartz
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gail Ackermann
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Greg Humphrey
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ethan Kaandorp
- Independent
Researcher, Darwin, California 93522, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Collaborative
Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Microbiome Innovation, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department
of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Microbiome Innovation, University of
California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department
of Computer Sciences and Engineering, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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4
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Zimmer-Faust AG, Griffith JF, Steele JA, Santos B, Cao Y, Asato L, Chiem T, Choi S, Diaz A, Guzman J, Laak D, Padilla M, Quach-Cu J, Ruiz V, Woo M, Weisberg SB. Relationship between coliphage and Enterococcus at southern California beaches and implications for beach water quality management. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119383. [PMID: 36630853 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coliphage have been suggested as an alternative to fecal indicator bacteria for assessing recreational beach water quality, but it is unclear how frequently and at what types of beaches coliphage produces a different management outcome. Here we conducted side-by-side sampling of male-specific and somatic coliphage by the new EPA dead-end hollow fiber ultrafiltration (D-HFUF-SAL) method and Enterococcus at southern California beaches over two years. When samples were combined for all beach sites, somatic and male-specific coliphage both correlated with Enterococcus. When examined categorically, Enterococcus would have resulted in approximately two times the number of health advisories as somatic coliphage and four times that of male-specific coliphage,using recently proposed thresholds of 60 PFU/100 mL for somatic and 30 PFU/100 mL for male-specific coliphage. Overall, only 12% of total exceedances would have been for coliphage alone. Somatic coliphage exceedances that occurred in the absence of an Enterococcus exceedance were limited to a single site during south swell events, when this beach is known to be affected by nearby minimally treated sewage. Thus, somatic coliphage provided additional valuable health protection information, but may be more appropriate as a supplement to FIB measurements rather than as replacement because: (a) EPA-approved PCR methods for Enterococcus allow a more rapid response, (b) coliphage is more challenging owing to its greater sampling volume and laboratory time requirements, and (c) Enterococcus' long data history has yielded predictive management models that would need to be recreated for coliphage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity G Zimmer-Faust
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States.
| | - John F Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States
| | - Joshua A Steele
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States
| | - Bryan Santos
- City of San Diego, Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services, United States
| | - Yiping Cao
- Orange County Sanitation District, United States
| | - Laralyn Asato
- City of San Diego, Environmental Monitoring and Technical Services, United States
| | - Tania Chiem
- Orange County Public Health Laboratory, United States
| | - Samuel Choi
- Orange County Sanitation District, United States
| | - Arturo Diaz
- Orange County Sanitation District, United States
| | - Joe Guzman
- Orange County Public Health Laboratory, United States
| | - David Laak
- Ventura County Public Works Agency, United States
| | | | | | - Victor Ruiz
- Los Angeles City Sanitation Department, United States
| | - Mary Woo
- California State University Channel Islands, Ventura, CA, United States
| | - Stephen B Weisberg
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, United States
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5
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Rothman JA, Saghir A, Chung SA, Boyajian N, Dinh T, Kim J, Oval J, Sharavanan V, York C, Zimmer-Faust AG, Langlois K, Steele JA, Griffith JF, Whiteson KL. Longitudinal metatranscriptomic sequencing of Southern California wastewater representing 16 million people from August 2020-21 reveals widespread transcription of antibiotic resistance genes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119421. [PMID: 36455460 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater provides a representative sample of human fecal waste across a catchment area and contains a wide diversity of microbes. Sequencing wastewater samples provides information about human-associated and medically important microbial populations, and may be useful to assay disease prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we present a study in which we used untargeted metatranscriptomic sequencing on RNA extracted from 275 sewage influent samples obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) representing approximately 16 million people in Southern California between August 2020 - August 2021. We characterized bacterial and viral transcripts, assessed metabolic pathway activity, and identified over 2,000 AMR genes/variants across all samples. Because we did not deplete ribosomal RNA, we have a unique window into AMR carried as ribosomal mutants. We show that AMR diversity varied between WTPs (as measured through PERMANOVA, P < 0.001) and that the relative abundance of many individual AMR genes/variants increased over time (as measured with MaAsLin2, Padj < 0.05). Similarly, we detected transcripts mapping to human pathogenic bacteria and viruses suggesting RNA sequencing is a powerful tool for wastewater-based epidemiology and that there are geographical signatures to microbial transcription. We captured the transcription of gene pathways common to bacterial cell processes, including central carbon metabolism, nucleotide synthesis/salvage, and amino acid biosynthesis. We also posit that due to the ubiquity of many viruses and bacteria in wastewater, new biological targets for microbial water quality assessment can be developed. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the most complete longitudinal metatranscriptomic analysis of a large population's wastewater to date and demonstrates our ability to monitor the presence and activity of microbes in complex samples. By sequencing RNA, we can track the relative abundance of expressed AMR genes/variants and metabolic pathways, increasing our understanding of AMR activity across large human populations and sewer sheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Rothman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
| | - Andrew Saghir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Seung-Ah Chung
- Genomics High-Throughput Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Boyajian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Thao Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jordan Oval
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Vivek Sharavanan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Courtney York
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Amity G Zimmer-Faust
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | - Kylie Langlois
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | - Joshua A Steele
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | - John F Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
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6
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Rocha AY, Verbyla ME, Sant KE, Mladenov N. Detection, Quantification, and Simplified Wastewater Surveillance Model of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Tijuana River. ACS ES&T WATER 2022; 2:2134-2143. [PMID: 36398132 PMCID: PMC9063987 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage has expanded global interest in wastewater surveillance. However, many underserved communities throughout the world lack improved sanitation and use informal combined sanitary and storm sewer systems. Sewage is transported via open channels, ditches, and rivers, where it mixes with surface water and/or stormwater. There is a need to develop better methods for the surveillance of pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 RNA in this context. We developed a simplified surveillance system and monitored flow rates and concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Tijuana River at two locations downstream of the United States-Mexico border in California, United States. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the upstream location on six out of eight occasions, two of which were at concentrations as high as those reported in untreated wastewater from California sanitary sewer systems. The virus was not detected in any of the eight samples collected at the downstream (estuarine) sampling location, despite the consistent detection of PMMoV RNA. Synchrony was observed between the number of cases reported in Tijuana and the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations measured with the CDC N1 assay when the latter were normalized by the reported flow rates in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Y. Rocha
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Matthew E. Verbyla
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Karilyn E. Sant
- School
of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- Department
of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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7
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Taylor K, Baron KS, Gersberg RM. Effect of secondary treatment at the South Bay Ocean Outfall (SBOO) on microbial ocean water quality near the US-Mexico border. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114098. [PMID: 36087483 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, density plume visualizations and statistical comparisons were made of enterococci bacteria (the main marine recreational microbial water quality indicator) densities, both before and after the upgrade of the discharge from the South Bay Ocean Outfall (SBOO) to secondary treatment level, so that the effect of this upgrade on ocean microbial water quality could be assessed. During the dry weather (bathing) season, reduction in enterococci densities was rather limited with only 2 shore stations and one kelp station showing significant reductions, and none showing increased compliance frequency. During the wet weather season, although the signature of land-based sources of bacterial pollution were evident, a majority of both shore (7 of the 11 stations) and kelp (4 of the 7 stations) stations showed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) reductions enterococci densities pointing to the role of the upgrade to secondary treatment in improving microbial water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Taylor
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - Kurtis S Baron
- Atkins, SNC-Lavalin Group, San Diego, CA 92130, United States of America
| | - Richard M Gersberg
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America.
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8
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Rothman JA, Saghir A, Chung SA, Boyajian N, Dinh T, Kim J, Oval J, Sharavanan V, York C, Zimmer-Faust AG, Langlois K, Steele JA, Griffith JF, Whiteson KL. Longitudinal metatranscriptomic sequencing of Southern California wastewater representing 16 million people from August 2020-21 reveals widespread transcription of antibiotic resistance genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.08.02.502560. [PMID: 35982656 PMCID: PMC9387120 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.02.502560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater provides a representative sample of human fecal waste across a catchment area and contains a wide diversity of microbes. Sequencing wastewater samples provides information about human-associated and medically-important microbial populations, and may be useful to assay disease prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we present a study in which we used untargeted metatranscriptomic sequencing on RNA extracted from 275 sewage influent samples obtained from eight wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) representing approximately 16 million people in Southern California between August 2020 - August 2021. We characterized bacterial and viral transcripts, assessed metabolic pathway activity, and identified over 2,000 AMR genes/variants across all samples. Because we did not deplete ribosomal RNA, we have a unique window into AMR carried as ribosomal mutants. We show that AMR diversity varied between WTPs and that the relative abundance of many individual AMR genes/variants increased over time and may be connected to antibiotic use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, we detected transcripts mapping to human pathogenic bacteria and viruses suggesting RNA sequencing is a powerful tool for wastewater-based epidemiology and that there are geographical signatures to microbial transcription. We captured the transcription of gene pathways common to bacterial cell processes, including central carbon metabolism, nucleotide synthesis/salvage, and amino acid biosynthesis. We also posit that due to the ubiquity of many viruses and bacteria in wastewater, new biological targets for microbial water quality assessment can be developed. To the best of our knowledge, our study provides the most complete longitudinal metatranscriptomic analysis of a large population's wastewater to date and demonstrates our ability to monitor the presence and activity of microbes in complex samples. By sequencing RNA, we can track the relative abundance of expressed AMR genes/variants and metabolic pathways, increasing our understanding of AMR activity across large human populations and sewer sheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Rothman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Saghir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Ah Chung
- Genomics High-Throughput Facility, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Boyajian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thao Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Oval
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Sharavanan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Courtney York
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Kylie Langlois
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A. Steele
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - John F. Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Katrine L. Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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9
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Li D, Van De Werfhorst LC, Steets B, Ervin J, Murray JLS, Smith J, Holden PA. Assessing multiple fecal sources to surf zone waters of two recreational beaches by bacterial community analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118781. [PMID: 35759849 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fecal sources to recreational surf zone waters should be identified to protect public health. While watershed origins of human and other fecal sources are often discoverable by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of fecal markers using spatially stratified samples, similarly assessing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall and other offshore contributions to surf zones is challenged by individual marker fate and transport. Here, bacterial communities were assessed for relatedness between all hypothesized fecal sources and surf zone waters for two urban California recreational beaches, by sequencing genes encoding 16S rRNA and analyzing data using SourceTracker and FEAST. Ambient marine bacterial communities dominated the surf zone, while fecal (human, dog, or gull) or wastewater (sewage or treated WWTP effluent) bacterial communities were present at low proportions and those from recycled water were absent. Based on the relative abundances of bacterial genera specifically associated with human feces, the abundances of HF183 in bacterial community sequences, and FEAST and SourceTracker results when benchmarked to HF183, the major sources of HF183 to surf zone waters were human feces and treated WWTP effluent. While surf zone sequence proportions from human sources (feces, sewage and treated WWTP effluent) appeared uncorrelated to previously obtained qPCR HF183 results, the proportions of human fecal and potential human pathogen sequences in surf zone waters were elevated when there were more swimmers (i.e. during weekday afternoons, holidays and busy weekends, and race events), thus confirming previously-published qPCR-based conclusions that bather shedding contributed low levels of human fecal contamination. Here, bacterial community sequencing also showed evidence that treated WWTP effluent from an offshore outfall was entering the surf zone, thereby resolving a prior uncertainty. Thus, bacterial community sequencing not only confirms qPCR HF183-based human marker detections, but further allows for confirming fecal sources for which individual marker quantification results can be equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | | | | | - Jared Ervin
- Geosyntec Consultants, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Jill L S Murray
- Department of Parks & Recreation, Creeks Division, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, USA
| | - Jen Smith
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Patricia A Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
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10
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An Overview of Microbial Source Tracking Using Host-Specific Genetic Markers to Identify Origins of Fecal Contamination in Different Water Environments. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fecal contamination of water constitutes a serious health risk to humans and environmental ecosystems. This is mainly due to the fact that fecal material carries a variety of enteropathogens, which can enter and circulate in water bodies through fecal pollution. In this respect, the prompt identification of the polluting source(s) is pivotal to guiding appropriate target-specific remediation actions. Notably, microbial source tracking (MST) is widely applied to determine the host origin(s) contributing to fecal water pollution through the identification of zoogenic and/or anthropogenic sources of fecal environmental DNA (eDNA). A wide array of host-associated molecular markers have been developed and exploited for polluting source attribution in various aquatic ecosystems. This review is intended to provide the most up-to-date overview of genetic marker-based MST studies carried out in different water types, such as freshwaters (including surface and groundwaters) and seawaters (from coasts, beaches, lagoons, and estuaries), as well as drinking water systems. Focusing on the latest scientific progress/achievements, this work aims to gain updated knowledge on the applicability and robustness of using MST for water quality surveillance. Moreover, it also provides a future perspective on advancing MST applications for environmental research.
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Feddersen F, Boehm AB, Giddings SN, Wu X, Liden D. Modeling Untreated Wastewater Evolution and Swimmer Illness for Four Wastewater Infrastructure Scenarios in the San Diego-Tijuana (US/MX) Border Region. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2021GH000490. [PMID: 34796313 PMCID: PMC8581746 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The popular beaches of the San Diego-Tijuana (US/MX) border region are often impacted by untreated wastewater sourced from Mexico-via the Tijuana River Estuary (TJRE) and San Antonio de los Buenos outfall at the Pt. Bandera (SAB/PTB) shoreline, leading to impacted beaches and human illness. The US-Mexico-Canada trade agreement will fund border infrastructure projects reducing untreated wastewater discharges. However, estimating project benefits such as reduced human illness and beach impacts is challenging. We develop a coupled hydrodynamic, norovirus (NoV) pathogen, and swimmer illness risk model with the wastewater sources for the year 2017. The model is used to evaluate the reduction in human illness and beach impacts under baseline conditions and three infrastructure diversion scenarios which (Scenario A) reduce SAB/PTB discharges and moderately reduce TJRE inflows or (Scenarios B, C) strongly reduce TJRE in inflows only. The model estimates shoreline untreated wastewater and NoV concentrations, and the number of NoV ill swimmers at Imperial Beach CA. In the Baseline, the percentage of swimmers becoming ill is 3.8% over 2017, increasing to 4.5% during the tourist season (Memorial to Labor Day) due to south-swell driven SAB/PTB plumes. Overall, Scenario A provides the largest reduction in ill swimmers and beach impacts for the tourist season and full year. The 2017 tourist season TJRE inflows were not representative of those in 2020, yet, Scenario A likely still provides the greatest benefit in other years. This methodology can be applied to other coastal regions with wastewater inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaodong Wu
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUCSDLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Doug Liden
- Environmental Protection AgencySan DiegoCAUSA
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