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Aquino ACB, Mendes LW, Pellegrinetti TA, Alleoni LRF. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere of tropical soils cultivated with maize as a function of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Braz J Microbiol 2025:10.1007/s42770-025-01695-w. [PMID: 40418296 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-025-01695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) has a strong affinity with soil colloids in humid tropical conditions, reducing its availability to plants. The use of alternative sources of P can provide nutrients to plants and reduce countries' dependence on imports of phosphate fertilizers. Some nitrogen (N) sources can acidify the soil and affect the efficiency of P fertilizers. In this study, evaluated the changes in the microbial community of the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays) affected by N and P fertilizers in soils with contrasting textures. The N sources used were calcium nitrate (CN) and ammonium sulphate (AS), and the P sources: triple superphosphate (TSP), organomineral (OR) and struvite (ST), and two control treatments without the addition of N and P fertilizers, with (Control) and without plant (Control NP). The rhizosphere samples were subjected to genetic sequencing of the 16S rRNA region, and the structures, diversity, richness and differential abundance of the microbial communities were assessed. Distinct microbial compositions were identified between medium-textured (MT) and clayey (CT) soils, influenced by soil texture, organic matter and fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers had the greatest impact on the structure of microbial communities in MT soil. Differential abundance analysis revealed specific variations in microbial taxa in response to nutrient sources, with an impact on nutrient cycling and acquisition. The ST + CN treatment in MT soil was enriched with pollutant bioremediating genera such as Sphingbium, Flavitalea, Devosia and Rubellimicrobium. The study highlights the intricate interaction between soil type, fertilizer sources and microbial community dynamics, with an impact on overall productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Benites Aquino
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-260, Brazil.
| | - Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Thierry Alexandre Pellegrinetti
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, USP, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
- Department of Soil Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-260, Brazil
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Praeg N, Steinwandter M, Urbach D, Snethlage MA, Alves RP, Apple ME, Bilovitz P, Britton AJ, Bruni EP, Chen TW, Dumack K, Fernandez-Mendoza F, Freppaz M, Frey B, Fromin N, Geisen S, Grube M, Guariento E, Guisan A, Ji QQ, Jiménez JJ, Maier S, Malard LA, Minor MA, Mc Lean CC, Mitchell EAD, Peham T, Pizzolotto R, Taylor AFS, Vernon P, van Tol JJ, Wu D, Wu Y, Xie Z, Weber B, Illmer P, Seeber J. Biodiversity in mountain soils above the treeline. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2025. [PMID: 40369817 DOI: 10.1111/brv.70028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
Biological diversity in mountain ecosystems has been increasingly studied over the last decade. This is also the case for mountain soils, but no study to date has provided an overall synthesis of the current state of knowledge. Here we fill this gap with a first global analysis of published research on cryptogams, microorganisms, and fauna in mountain soils above the treeline, and a structured synthesis of current knowledge. Based on a corpus of almost 1400 publications and the expertise of 37 mountain soil scientists worldwide, we summarise what is known about the diversity and distribution patterns of each of these organismal groups, specifically along elevation, and provide an overview of available knowledge on the drivers explaining these patterns and their changes. In particular, we document an elevation-dependent decrease in faunal diversity above the treeline, while for cryptogams there is an initial increase above the treeline, followed by a decrease towards the nival belt. Thus, our data confirm the key role that elevation plays in shaping the biodiversity and distribution of these organisms in mountain soils. The response of prokaryote diversity to elevation, in turn, was more diverse, whereas fungal diversity appeared to be substantially influenced by plants. As far as available, we describe key characteristics, adaptations, and functions of mountain soil species, and despite a lack of ecological information about the uncultivated majority of prokaryotes, fungi, and protists, we illustrate the remarkable and unique diversity of life forms and life histories encountered in alpine mountain soils. By applying rule- as well as pattern-based literature-mining approaches and semi-quantitative analyses, we identified hotspots of mountain soil research in the European Alps and Central Asia and revealed significant gaps in taxonomic coverage, particularly among biocrusts, soil protists, and soil fauna. We further report thematic priorities for research on mountain soil biodiversity above the treeline and identify unanswered research questions. Building upon the outcomes of this synthesis, we conclude with a set of research opportunities for mountain soil biodiversity research worldwide. Soils in mountain ecosystems above the treeline fulfil critical functions and make essential contributions to life on land. Accordingly, seizing these opportunities and closing knowledge gaps appears crucial to enable science-based decision making in mountain regions and formulating laws and guidelines in support of mountain soil biodiversity conservation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Praeg
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25d, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Michael Steinwandter
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Davnah Urbach
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA), University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur la Montagne, University of Lausanne, Ch. de l'Institut 18, Bramois/Sion, 1967, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Snethlage
- Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA), University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur la Montagne, University of Lausanne, Ch. de l'Institut 18, Bramois/Sion, 1967, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo P Alves
- Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Martha E Apple
- Department of Biological Sciences, Montana Technological University, Butte, 59701, MT, USA
| | - Peter Bilovitz
- Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Andrea J Britton
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Estelle P Bruni
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry, Na Sádkách 702/7, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Göttingen, 37073, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, Cologne, 50674, Germany
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Mendoza
- Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Michele Freppaz
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
- Research Center on Natural Risks in Mountain and Hilly Environments, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Beat Frey
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Fromin
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Route de Mende 34199, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708PB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Grube
- Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Elia Guariento
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Biophore, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics (IDYST), University of Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Qiao-Qiao Ji
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Juan J Jiménez
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Avda. Ntra. Sra. de la Victoria 16, Jaca, 22700, Huesca, Spain
| | - Stefanie Maier
- Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Lucie A Malard
- Department of Ecology and Evolution (DEE), University of Lausanne, Biophore, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Maria A Minor
- School of Food Technology and Natural Sciences, Massey University, Riddett Road, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Cowan C Mc Lean
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Peham
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Roberto Pizzolotto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci 4b, Rende, 87036, Italy
| | - Andy F S Taylor
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB15 8QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Philippe Vernon
- UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, University of Rennes, Biological Station, Paimpont, 35380, France
| | - Johan J van Tol
- Department of Soil, Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Donghui Wu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Street, Changchun, 130102, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yunga Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Bettina Weber
- Institute of Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Paul Illmer
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25d, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Julia Seeber
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Viale Druso 1, Bozen/Bolzano, 39100, Italy
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Han B, He Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Shi L, Lin Z, Yu L, Wei X, Zhang W, Geng Y, Shao X, Jia S. Different microbial functional traits drive bulk and rhizosphere soil phosphorus mobilization in an alpine meadow after nitrogen input. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172904. [PMID: 38703845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced nitrogen (N) input is expected to influence the soil phosphorus (P) cycling through biotic and abiotic factors. Among these factors, soil microorganisms play a vital role in regulating soil P availability. However, the divergent contribution of functional microorganisms to soil P availability in the rhizosphere and bulk soil under N addition remains unclear. We conducted an N addition experiment with four N input rates (0, 5, 10, and 15 g N m-2 year-1) in an alpine meadow over three years. Metagenomics was employed to investigate the functional microbial traits in the rhizosphere and bulk soil. We showed that N addition had positive effects on microbial functional traits related to P-cycling in the bulk and rhizosphere soil. Specifically, high N addition significantly increased the abundance of most microbial genes in the bulk soil but only enhanced the abundance of five genes in the rhizosphere soil. The soil compartment, rather than the N addition treatment, was the dominant factor explaining the changes in the diversity and network of functional microorganisms. Furthermore, the abundance of functional microbial genes had a profound effect on soil available P, particularly in bulk soil P availability driven by the ppa and ppx genes, as well as rhizosphere soil P availability driven by the ugpE gene. Our results highlight that N addition stimulates the microbial potential for soil P mobilization in alpine meadows. Distinct microbial genes play vital roles in soil P availability in bulk and rhizosphere soil respectively. This indicates the necessity for models to further our knowledge of P mobilization processes from the bulk soil to the rhizosphere soil, allowing for more precise predictions of the effects of N enrichment on soil P cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yicheng He
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Guanzhong Plain Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Treatment National Observation and Research Station, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lina Shi
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenrong Lin
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Wei
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wantong Zhang
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yiyi Geng
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinqing Shao
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Shangang Jia
- Department of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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4
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Lin Z, Shi L, Wei X, Han B, Peng C, Yao Z, He Y, Xiao Q, Lu X, Deng Y, Zhou H, Liu K, Shao X. Soil properties and fungal community jointly explain N 2O emissions following N and P enrichment in an alpine meadow. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123344. [PMID: 38215869 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient enrichment, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), typically affects nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, predominantly via microbial nitrification and denitrification processes in the soil. However, the specific impact of soil property and microbial community alterations under N and P enrichment on grassland N2O emissions remains unclear. To address this, a field experiment was conducted in an alpine meadow of the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This study aimed to unravel the mechanisms underlying N and P enrichment effects on N2O emissions by monitoring N2O fluxes, along with analyzing associated microbial communities and soil physicochemical properties. We observed that N enrichment individually or in combination with P enrichment, escalated N2O emissions. P enrichment dampened the stimulatory effect of N enrichment on N2O emissions, indicative of an antagonistic effect. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that N enrichment enhanced N2O emissions through alterations in fungal community composition and key soil physicochemical properties such as pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), available phosphorus (AP), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN)). Notably, our findings demonstrated that N2O emissions were significantly more influenced by fungal activities, particularly genera like Fusarium, rather than bacterial processes in response to N enrichment. Overall, the study highlights that N enrichment intensifies the role of fungal attributes and soil properties in driving N2O emissions. In contrast, P enrichment exhibited a non-significant effect on N2O emissions, which highlights the critical role of the fungal community in N2O emissions responses to nutrient enrichments in alpine grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrong Lin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lina Shi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Wei
- Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Cuoji Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zeying Yao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Practaculture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Yicheng He
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Qing Xiao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xinmin Lu
- Tianshui Institute of Pomology, Tianshui, 741002, PR China
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Service Guarantee Center, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Kesi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xinqing Shao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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