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Liang L, Mi Y, Zhou S, Yang A, Wei C, Dai E. Advances in the study of key cells and signaling pathways in renal fibrosis and the interventional role of Chinese medicines. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403227. [PMID: 39687302 PMCID: PMC11647084 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is a pathological process characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which triggers a repair cascade in response to stimuli and pathogenic factors, leading to the activation of molecular signaling pathways involved in fibrosis. This article discusses the key cells, molecules, and signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of RF, with a particular focus on tubular epithelial cells (TECs), cellular senescence, ferroptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling. These factors drive the core and regulatory pathways that significantly influence RF. A comprehensive understanding of their roles is essential. Through a literature review, we explore recent advancements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) aimed at reducing RF and inhibiting chronic kidney disease (CKD). We summarize, analyze, and elaborate on the important role of Chinese herbs in RF, aiming to provide new directions for their application in prevention and treatment, as well as scientific guidance for clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Translation, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youjun Mi
- Institute of pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shihan Zhou
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aojian Yang
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Wei
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Enlai Dai
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Sun L, Wen L, Li Q, Chen R, Wen S, Lai X, Lai Z, Cao J, Zhang Z, Hao M, Cao F, Sun S. Microbial Fermentation Enhances the Effect of Black Tea on Hyperlipidemia by Mediating Bile Acid Metabolism and Remodeling Intestinal Microbes. Nutrients 2024; 16:998. [PMID: 38613030 PMCID: PMC11013065 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Black tea (BT), the most consumed tea worldwide, can alleviate hyperlipidemia which is a serious threat to human health. However, the quality of summer BT is poor. It was improved by microbial fermentation in a previous study, but whether it affects hypolipidemic activity is unknown. Therefore, we compared the hypolipidemic activity of BT and microbially fermented black tea (EFT). The results demonstrated that BT inhibited weight gain and improved lipid and total bile acid (TBA) levels, and microbial fermentation reinforced this activity. Mechanistically, both BT and EFT mediate bile acid circulation to relieve hyperlipidemia. In addition, BT and EFT improve dyslipidemia by modifying the gut microbiota. Specifically, the increase in Lactobacillus johnsonii by BT, and the increase in Mucispirillum and Colidextribacter by EFT may also be potential causes for alleviation of hyperlipidemia. In summary, we demonstrated that microbial fermentation strengthened the hypolipidemic activity of BT and increased the added value of BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Lianghua Wen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (L.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Shuai Wen
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Junxi Cao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Zhenbiao Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Fanrong Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China; (L.W.); (F.C.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.S.); (Q.L.); (R.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.); (Z.L.); (J.C.); (Z.Z.); (M.H.)
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Liu X, Wu X, Wang S, Qin X. Gut microbiome and tissue metabolomics reveal the compatibility effects of Xiaoyaosan on depression based on "gut-liver-kidney" axis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154628. [PMID: 36731299 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression affects not only the central nervous system, but also the peripheral system. Xiaoyaosan (XYS), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, exhibits definite anti-depression effects demonstrated both clinically and experimentally. However, its compatibility has not been entirely revealed due partly to the complex compositions of herbs contained. AIM Based on the strategy of "Efficacy Group", this study aimed to reveal the compatibility of XYS from the perspective of "gut-liver-kidney" axis. METHODS Firstly, XYS was divided into two efficacy groups, i.e. Shugan (SG) and Jianpi (JP) groups. Classic behaviors of rats were measured to confirm the anti-depression effects of XYS and its two efficacy groups. On top of this, gut microbiota analysis and kidney metabolomics were performed by 16S rRNA sequencing and 1H NMR, respectively. RESULTS We found that XYS and its efficacy groups significantly regulated the abnormalities of behaviors and kidney metabolism of depressed rats, as well as intestinal disorders, but to different degrees. The regulatory effects of XYS and its efficacy groups on behaviors and kidney metabolomics of depressed rats had the same order, i.e. XYS > SG > JP, while the order of regulating gut microbiota was XYS > JP > SG. Both XYS and its efficacy groups significantly ameliorated gut microbiota disturbed, especially significant modulation of Peptostreptococcaceae. XYS significantly regulated nine kidney metabolites, while SG and JP regulated four and five differential metabolites, respectively, indicating that the two efficacy groups synergistically exhibited anti-depression effects, consequently contributing to the overall anti-depression effects of XYS. CONCLUSION The current findings not only innovatively demonstrate the anti-depression effects and compatibility of XYS from the perspective of "gut-liver-kidney" axis, comprehensively using "Efficacy Group" strategy, macro behavioristics, metabolome and microbiome, and also provide a new perspective, strategy, and methodology for studying complex diseases and the compatibility of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Senyan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China; Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Rd. Xiaodian Dist. Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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