Prolactin regulates H3K9ac and H3K9me2 epigenetic marks and miRNAs expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with Staphylococcus aureus

Hitting Two Birds With One Stone: Dual Modulation of Brain Carbonic Anhydrases and Histone Deacetylases Boosts Memory Consolidation

Cognitive impairments, characterized by deficits in one or more cognitive domains, are common in several pathological conditions but remain inadequately addressed by available pharmacological treatments. Given the complexity and multifaceted mechanisms underpinning these deficits, multi-targeted directed ligands are emerging as promising strategies for developing more effective therapies. In this study, we reported the design, synthesis as well as In Vitro and Ex Vivo assessment of prototypic molecular scaffolds that activate the carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) and inhibit the histone deacetylase (HDAC; EC 3.5.1.98) metalloenzymes. By using the novel object recognition paradigm, we found that these compounds significantly enhanced memory consolidation at doses 10 times lower than single-target reference compounds. Taken together, these results suggest that the dual modulation of CA and HDAC activities by means of a single hybrid molecular entity represents an innovative approach for the management of cognitive symptoms associated with neurodegenerative, neurodevelopment, and psychiatric disorders.

Innovations in Cattle Breeding Technology: Prospects in the Era of Gene Editing

As a core species in the global livestock industry, cattle play an irreplaceable role in human food security and economic development. Beef cattle and dairy cattle meet the dietary needs of billions of people around the world by providing high-quality protein and dairy products, respectively. With the growth in population and the intensification of the pressure of climate change, traditional breeding techniques may be unsuitable to meet the increasingly growing demands for sustainable and highly adaptable processes. In recent years, the rapid development of genomics, bioinformatics, and gene-editing technologies has provided unprecedented tools and perspectives for the genetic improvement of cattle, driving the precise design and efficient development of new cattle breeds. However, the development of new cattle breeds still faces multiple bottlenecks pertaining to scientific, ethical, and industrialization aspects, which can be addressed through interdisciplinary collaboration. In this review, we will systematically assess the technological progress in the genetic breeding of beef cattle and dairy cattle, analyze the integration path of traditional breeding and modern biotechnology, and explore the future directions of cattle breeding research under the sustainable development goals, with the aim of providing theoretical support for cattle breeding.

Association of polymorphic variants of prolactin (PRL) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) genes with resistance/susceptibility to mastitis in holstein cows

The work aims to analyze the associations of polymorphic variants of the PRL and BLG genes with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis in Holstein cows. The experimental study consisted of the selection of biomaterial samples from 250 heads of Holstein cows aged 3 years divided into two groups (healthy and with a confirmed diagnosis of mastitis). The determination of animal genotypes was carried out using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The study of the nature of the association of polymorphic variants of the PRL and BLG gene with resistance/increased risk of mastitis established a significant deviation from the theoretically expected distribution of bBLG-HaeIII genotypes in the group of animals suffering from mastitis (the value of χ2 was 0.24). The bBLG-HaeIIIBB genotype can act as a marker of an increased risk of developing mastitis in Holstein cows; its frequency in the group of sick animals exceeds the frequency in the control group by more than 2 times (44.0 compared to 17.0%, respectively). The bBLG-HaeIIIAB genotype is significantly associated with mastitis resistance in Holstein cows; its frequency is 2 times lower than in the control group (28.0 compared to 54.0%).