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Wang L, Zhang X, Lu J, Huang L. Microbial diversity and interactions: Synergistic effects and potential applications of Pseudomonas and Bacillus consortia. Microbiol Res 2025; 293:128054. [PMID: 39799763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2025.128054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2025] [Accepted: 01/05/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025]
Abstract
Microbial diversity and interactions in the rhizosphere play a crucial role in plant health and ecosystem functioning. Among the myriads of rhizosphere microbes, Pseudomonas and Bacillus are prominent players known for their multifaceted functionalities and beneficial effects on plant growth. The molecular mechanism of interspecies interactions between natural isolates of Bacillus and Pseudomonas in medium conditions is well understood, but the interaction between the two in vivo remains unclear. This paper focuses on the possible synergies between Pseudomonas and Bacillus associated in practical applications (such as recruiting beneficial microbes, cross-feeding and niche complementarity), and looks forward to the application prospects of the consortium in agriculture, human health and bioremediation. Through in-depth understanding of the interactions between Pseudomonas and Bacillus as well as their application prospects in various fields, this study is expected to provide a new theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting the research and application of rhizosphere microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lingxia Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Wei LF, Wang YX, Li Z, Pan H, Xiao Y, Sun R, Zhao H, An TT. Combination of atmospheric and room temperature plasma and ribosome engineering techniques to enhance the antifungal activity of Bacillus megaterium L2 against Sclerotium rolfsii. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2025; 81:1204-1217. [PMID: 39540329 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerotium rolfsii is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes significant economic losses. Biocontrol strategies utilizing antagonistic microorganisms present a promising alternative for controlling plant pathogens. Bacillus megaterium L2 has been identified as a potential microbial biocontrol agent in our previous study; however, its efficacy in controlling pathogens has yet to meet current demands. This study aims to enhance the antifungal activity of strain L2 against S. rolfsii R-67 through a two-round mutagenesis strategy and to preliminarily investigate the mutagenesis mechanism of the high antifungal activity mutant. RESULTS We obtained mutant Dr-77 with the strongest antifungal activity against R-67, and its cell-free supernatant significantly reduced the infection potential of R-67 to Amorphophallus konjac corms, which may be attributed to the antimicrobial compound phenylacetic acid (PAA), and PAA content in Dr-77 (5.78 mg/mL) was 28.90 times higher than original strain L2. This compound exhibited strong antifungal ability against R-67, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.475 mg/mL, significantly inhibiting mycelial growth and destroying the ultrastructure of R-67 at EC50 value. Notably, PAA also exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against six phytopathogens at EC50 value. Moreover, genome analysis revealed nine different gene mutations, including those involved in PAA biosynthesis, and the activities of prephenate dehydratase (PheA) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in PAA biosynthesis pathway were significantly increased. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the elevated PAA content is a primary factor contributing to the enhanced antifungal activity of Dr-77, and that this mutagenesis strategy offers valuable guidance for the breeding of functional microbial resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Feng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
| | - Hang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institution of Supervision and Inspection Product Quality of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao-Tao An
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Wang ZM, Wang S, Bai H, Zhu LL, Yan HB, Peng L, Wang YB, Li H, Song YD, Liu JZ. Characterization and application of Bacillus velezensis D6 co-producing α-amylase and protease. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:9617-9629. [PMID: 39087633 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the co-production of multiple enzymes by Bacillus velezensis as a novel species is still a topic that needs to be studied. This study aimed to investigate the fermentation characteristics of B. velezensis D6 co-producing α-amylase and protease and to explore their enzymatic properties and applications in fermentation. RESULTS The maximum co-production of α-amylase and protease reached 13.13 ± 0.72 and 2106.63 ± 64.42 U mL-1, respectively, under the optimal fermented conditions (nutrients: 20.0 g L-1 urea, 20.0 g L-1 glucose, 0.7 g L-1 MnCl2; incubation conditions: initial pH 7.0, temperature 41 °C, 8% inoculation size and 30% working volume). Moreover, the genetic co-expression of α-amylase and protease increased from 0 to 24 h and then decreased after 36 h at the transcriptional level, which coincided with the growth trend of B. velezensis D6. The optimal reaction temperature of α-amylase was 55-60 °C, while that of protease was 35-40 °C. The activities of α-amylase and protease were retained by over 80% after thermal treatment (90 °C, 1 h), which indicated that two enzymes co-produced by B. velezensis D6 demonstrated excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the two enzymes were stable over a wide pH range (pH 4.0-8.0 for α-amylase; pH 4.0-9.0 for protease). Finally, the degrees of hydrolysis of corn, rice, sorghum and soybeans by α-amylase from B. velezensis D6 reached 44.95 ± 2.95%, 57.16 ± 2.75%, 52.53 ± 4.01% and 20.53 ± 2.42%, respectively, suggesting an excellent hydrolysis effect on starchy raw materials. The hydrolysis degrees of mackerel heads and soybeans by protease were 43.93 ± 2.19% and 26.38 ± 1.72%, respectively, which suggested that the protease from B. velezensis D6 preferentially hydrolyzed animal-based protein. CONCLUSION This is a systematic study on the co-production of α-amylase and protease by B. velezensis D6, which is crucial in widening the understanding of this species co-producing multi-enzymes and in exploring its potential application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Min Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hua Bai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yan
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Peng
- School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Heze, China
| | - Yue-Dong Song
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Liu
- Shandong Xinfurui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Liaocheng, China
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Zou Q, Zhang Y, Niu X, Yang H, Chu M, Wang N, Bao H, Zhan F, Yang R, Lou K, Shi Y. Antifungal Activity of Rhizosphere Bacillus Isolated from Ziziphus jujuba Against Alternaria alternata. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2189. [PMID: 39597579 PMCID: PMC11596436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The serious impact of Alternaria alternata on jujube black spot disease has seriously affected the quality and yield of jujube, constraining the sustainable development of the jujube industry. The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen highly effective biocontrol strains of jujube black spot disease from jujube rhizosphere soil. Thirty-three soil samples were collected from four regions in southern Xinjiang. The strains with antagonistic effects were isolated and screened by the dilution spread method and plate confrontation method and identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA, gyrB, and rpoB gene sequences. Indoor and field efficacy experiments were conducted to determine their biocontrol effect. A total of 110 strains with antibacterial activity were selected, and one strain, Bacillus velezensis 26-8, with a stable antagonistic effect was further tested. Biological characteristic experiments showed that strain 26-8 could grow at NaCl concentrations of 0.5-10% and pH 4.0-9.0. The biocontrol experiment results showed that Bacillus velezensis 26-8 could achieve an 89.83% control effect against black spot disease. In conclusion, strain 26-8 has good salt and alkali tolerance, exerts a good control effect on jujube black spot disease, and is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zou
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- College of Life and Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- College of Life and Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xinxiang Niu
- Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Urumqi 830091, China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Min Chu
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Urumqi 830091, China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Urumqi 830091, China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Huifang Bao
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Faqiang Zhan
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Kai Lou
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (M.C.); (N.W.); (H.B.); (F.Z.); (R.Y.); (K.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Northwest Oasis of Ministry of Agriculture and Countryside, Urumqi 830091, China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology, Urumqi 830091, China
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Wang X, Zhao Z, Li H, Wei Y, Hu J, Yang H, Zhou Y, Li J. The growth-promoting and disease-suppressing mechanisms of Trichoderma inoculation on peanut seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1414193. [PMID: 38984154 PMCID: PMC11231372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1414193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. is known for its ability to enhance plant growth and suppress disease, but the mechanisms for its interaction with host plants and pathogens remain unclear. This study investigated the transcriptomics and metabolomics of peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum QT20045, in the absence and presence of the stem rot pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii JN3011. Under the condition without pathogen stress, the peanut seedlings inoculated with QT20045 showed improved root length and plant weight, increased indole acetic acid (IAA) production, and reduced ethylene level, with more active 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), compared with the non-inoculated control. Under the pathogen stress, the biocontrol efficacy of QT20045 against S. rolfsii was 78.51%, with a similar effect on plant growth, and IAA and ethylene metabolisms to the condition with no biotic stress. Transcriptomic analysis of peanut root revealed that Trichoderma inoculation upregulated the expression of certain genes in the IAA family but downregulated the genes in the ACO family (AhACO1 and AhACO) and ACS family (AhACS3 and AhACS1) consistently in the absence and presence of pathogens. During pathogen stress, QT20045 inoculation leads to the downregulation of the genes in the pectinesterase family to keep the host plant's cell wall stable, along with upregulation of the AhSUMM2 gene to activate plant defense responses. In vitro antagonistic test confirmed that QT20045 suppressed S. rolfsii growth through mechanisms of mycelial entanglement, papillary protrusions, and decomposition. Our findings highlight that Trichoderma inoculation is a promising tool for sustainable agriculture, offering multiple benefits from pathogen control to enhanced plant growth and soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhongjuan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanli Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jindong Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Han Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Jishun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- China–Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Sun J, Nie L, Xie W, Zheng X, Zhou WW. Potentiation effect of the AI-2 signaling molecule on postharvest disease control of pear and loquat by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and its mechanism. Food Chem 2024; 441:138373. [PMID: 38219365 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
An autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling molecule from Bacillus was synthesized, and its mechanism on the biofilm formation and biocontrol ability of B. amyloliquefaciens was verified in vitro and in vivo. The 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the effect of B. amyloliquefaciens B4 with or without AI-2 on the microflora of pears during storage. The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens B4 secreted AI-2, which promoted biofilm formation. Additionally, AI-2 at a concentration of 40 μmol/L enhanced the biocontrol ability of B. amyloliquefaciens B4 on postharvest pear and loquat fruits. Finally, amplicon sequencing demonstrated that the addition of AI-2 increased the abundance of B. amyloliquefaciens B4 in fruit by stimulating the growth and biofilm formation of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Sun
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjie Nie
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyue Xie
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- Institute of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Fan C, Sun S, An X, Sun Y, Gao T, Zhang D. Influence of Bacillus subtilis strain Z-14 on microbial ecology of cucumber rhizospheric vermiculite infested with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105875. [PMID: 38685217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum (FO) is a typical soil-borne pathogenic fungus, and the cucumber wilt disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC) seriously affects crop yield and quality. Vermiculite is increasingly being used as a culture substrate; nevertheless, studies exploring the effectiveness and mechanisms of biocontrol bacteria in this substrate are limited. In this study, vermiculite was used as a culture substrate to investigate the control effect of Bacillus subtilis strain Z-14 on cucumber wilt and the rhizospheric microecology, focusing on colonization ability, soil microbial diversity, and rhizosphere metabolome. Pot experiments showed that Z-14 effectively colonized the cucumber roots, achieving a controlled efficacy of 61.32% for wilt disease. It significantly increased the abundance of Bacillus and the expression of NRPS and PKS genes, while reducing the abundance of FO in the rhizosphere. Microbial diversity sequencing showed that Z-14 reduced the richness and diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial community, increased the richness and diversity of the fungal community, and alleviated the effect of FO on the community structure of the cucumber rhizosphere. The metabolomics analysis revealed that Z-14 affected ABC transporters, amino acid synthesis, and the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. Additionally, Z-14 increased the contents of phenylacetic acid, capsidol, and quinolinic acid, all of which were related to the antagonistic activity in the rhizosphere. Z-14 exhibited a significant control effect on cucumber wilt and influenced the microflora and metabolites in rhizospheric vermiculite, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding the control effect and mechanism of cucumber wilt in different culture substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosha Liu
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Jizong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chenxi Fan
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Shangyi Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Xutong An
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Yanheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Tongguo Gao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of Agricultural Wastes, Baoding, China.
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