1
|
Mohapatra RK, Sahu AR, Mishra S, Tiady SK, Tuglo LS. Tanzania confirms its second MVD outbreak: A constantly emerging outbreak calls for effective countermeasures in light of one health approach and preparedness to counter future epidemics. One Health 2025; 20:101070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2025] Open
|
2
|
Paison F, Ubuzima P, Nshimiyimana E, Habumugisha J, Atukunda S, Ayebare F, Munyurangabo G, Amikoro B, Su B. Therapeutic advances in Marburg virus disease: from experimental treatments to vaccine development. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2025; 87:2784-2799. [PMID: 40337393 PMCID: PMC12055102 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The Marburg virus (MARV), discovered in 1967, has led to devastating outbreaks over the world; the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies according to the outbreak and viral type. The very first known filovirus hemorrhagic fever outbreaks occurred in Germany and the former Yugoslavia. MVD is a deadly illness caused by the MARV virus, part of the Filoviridae family. It progresses with early viral replication that damages immune cells, followed by destruction of organs like the spleen, liver, and lymphoid tissues. Combatting this disease requires proper health education, and strong strategies. MVD is a lethal single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Egyptian rousette bats, with a fatality rate of approximately 90%. This work explored ongoing studies on the recent vaccine developments and experimental therapies, such as a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine and MVA-BN-Filo, aiming to combat this deadly infection. Over the previous years, MARV has also spread to non-endemic African countries, demonstrating its potential to cause epidemics. Although MARV-specific vaccines are evaluated in preclinical and clinical research, none have been approved for human use. Studies revealed that Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara, a well-established viral vector used to generate vaccines against emerging pathogens, can deliver multiple antigens and has a remarkable clinical safety and immunogenicity record. MVD has been recently reported in Rwanda in 2024, an African country, and nearly 15 outbreaks of MVD have been reported. This review describes the nature of the MVD, key outbreaks, the virus's pathogenesis, mode of transmission, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and control and prevention measures to advance MVD treatment, drug development, vaccine creation, and prevention of MVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faida Paison
- School of Education, Kigali Independent University ULK, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Pascal Ubuzima
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Eugene Nshimiyimana
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Janvier Habumugisha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Secret Atukunda
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
| | - Fortunate Ayebare
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Gustave Munyurangabo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Tumor and Immunology, the Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Betty Amikoro
- Graduate School of Medicine and Surgery, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Biyun Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biswas S, Biswas S, PadmaPriya G, Kaur J, Pramanik A, Islam F, Tariq F, Imran A, Shah MA. Role of nutraceuticals in viral infections as immunomodulators: A comprehensive review. EFOOD 2024; 5. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.70000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2025] Open
Abstract
AbstractNutraceuticals are dietary supplements produced from food sources that are intended to improve health through immune system modulation or by helping to prevent and treat a variety of ailments. Their anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant qualities are well recognized. In certain instances, they even show direct microbiological efficacy against viral infections. Because of their special capacity, they may be able to help slow the spread and effects of very infectious illnesses, such as pandemics like COVID‐19. Nutraceuticals work well against viral infections because of a number of intricate processes. Reducing the harm that infections do to the immune system is one of the main effects. Nutraceuticals have the power to stimulate and activate the immune system, improving the body's capacity to identify and eliminate infections. Additionally, they are essential in reducing oxidative damage, which can result in serious consequences and is frequently intensified during viral infections. Nutraceuticals also strengthen immunity by promoting regulatory T cell differentiation and proliferation, which is crucial for preserving immune system homeostasis and limiting hyperinflammatory reactions. They control the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which helps to avoid cytokine storms during viral infections that may seriously harm tissue. This regulation lowers the danger of hyperinflammation and enhances overall results by supporting a balanced immune response. Through a number of biochemical mechanisms, nutraceuticals can strengthen the body's defenses against viral infections. They promote a more effective and efficient immune response by regulating immune cell activities, oxidative stress reduction, and antioxidant pathway activation. Furthermore, by interacting with different cellular signaling pathways, nutraceuticals can affect the synthesis and function of important immune components. This study clarifies the molecular processes behind the immunomodulatory effects of nutraceuticals, highlighting their crucial role in both treating and preventing viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Biswas
- Department of Food & Nutrition Acharya Prafulla Chandra College Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Souti Biswas
- Department of Pediatrics Barasat District Hospital Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Gopalakrishnan PadmaPriya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University) Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Chandigarh Group of Colleges Mohali Punjab India
| | - Atreyi Pramanik
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation Uttaranchal University Dehradun Uttarakhand India
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition NUR International University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Fatima Tariq
- Department of Clinical Nutrition NUR International University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Department of Economics Kardan University Kabul Afghanistan
- Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab India
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Rajpura Punjab India
| |
Collapse
|