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Rudeeaneksin J, Bunchoo S, Phetsuksiri B, Srisungngam S, Khummin R, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. The first insight into Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in the lower northern region in Thailand. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024:trae014. [PMID: 38554067 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important infectious disease and different genotypes have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of TB in the lower northern region of Thailand, where genotyping data are limited. METHODS A total of 159 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates from this region were genotyped by spoligotyping and the major spoligotypes were further subdivided by the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) method. RESULTS Spoligotyping identified 34 types and classified them into 14 clusters. East African-Indian (EAI) groups were the most frequent (44.7%), followed by Beijing (36.5%), with a higher prevalence of drug resistance. By 15-loci MIRU-VNTR typing, the major groups of the Beijing and EAI2_NTB were further differentiated into 44 and 21 subtypes forming 9 and 5 subclusters with cluster rates of 0.26 and 0.44, respectively. The Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index among the Beijing and EAI2_NTB groups were 0.987 and 0.931, respectively, indicating high diversity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first look at the MTBC genotypes in the lower northern region of Thailand, which could aid in understanding the distribution and potential spread of MTBC and Mycobacterium bovis in the target region to support TB control in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janisara Rudeeaneksin
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Supranee Bunchoo
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Phetsuksiri
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
- Medical Sciences Technical Office, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Sopa Srisungngam
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneeporn Khummin
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 2 Phitsanulok, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
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Kontsevaya I, Cabibbe AM, Cirillo DM, DiNardo AR, Frahm N, Gillespie SH, Holtzman D, Meiwes L, Petruccioli E, Reimann M, Ruhwald M, Sabiiti W, Saluzzo F, Tagliani E, Goletti D. Update on the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2023:S1198-743X(23)00340-3. [PMID: 37490968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health threat, and the development of rapid and precise diagnostic tools is the key to enabling the early start of treatment, monitoring response to treatment, and preventing the spread of the disease. OBJECTIVES An overview of recent progress in host- and pathogen-based TB diagnostics. SOURCES We conducted a PubMed search of recent relevant articles and guidelines on TB screening and diagnosis. CONTENT An overview of currently used methods and perspectives in the following areas of TB diagnostics is provided: immune-based diagnostics, X-ray, clinical symptoms and scores, cough detection, culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and identifying its resistance profile using phenotypic and genotypic methods, including next-generation sequencing, sputum- and non-sputum-based molecular diagnosis of TB and monitoring of response to treatment. IMPLICATIONS A brief overview of the most relevant advances and changes in international guidelines regarding screening and diagnosing TB is provided in this review. It aims at reviewing all relevant areas of diagnostics, including both pathogen- and host-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kontsevaya
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany; Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew R DiNardo
- Global TB Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Clinical Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David Holtzman
- Clinical Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lennard Meiwes
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany; Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elisa Petruccioli
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maja Reimann
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany; Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Wilber Sabiiti
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Saluzzo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Tagliani
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Characterisation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations and transmission in Pakistan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7703. [PMID: 35545649 PMCID: PMC9095715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a high-burden disease in Pakistan, with multi-drug (MDR) and extensive-drug (XDR) resistance, complicating infection control. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of M. tuberculosis is being used to infer lineages (strain-types), drug resistance mutations, and transmission patterns-all informing infection control and clinical decision making. Here we analyse WGS data on 535 M. tuberculosis isolates sourced across Pakistan between years 2003 and 2020, to understand the circulating strain-types and mutations related to 12 anti-TB drugs, as well as identify transmission clusters. Most isolates belonged to lineage 3 (n = 397; 74.2%) strain-types, and were MDR (n = 328; 61.3%) and (pre-)XDR (n = 113; 21.1%). By inferring close genomic relatedness between isolates (< 10-SNPs difference), there was evidence of M. tuberculosis transmission, with 55 clusters formed consisting of a total of 169 isolates. Three clusters consist of M. tuberculosis that are similar to isolates found outside of Pakistan. A genome-wide association analysis comparing 'transmitted' and 'non-transmitted' isolate groups, revealed the nusG gene as most significantly associated with a potential transmissible phenotype (P = 5.8 × 10-10). Overall, our study provides important insights into M. tuberculosis genetic diversity and transmission in Pakistan, including providing information on circulating drug resistance mutations for monitoring activities and clinical decision making.
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