1
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Li X, Xiao Y, Li P, Zhu Y, Guo Y, Bian H, Li Z. Sialyltransferase ST3GAL6 silencing reduces α2,3-sialylated glycans to regulate autophagy by decreasing HSPB8-BAG3 in the brain with hepatic encephalopathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38772740 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
End-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by hepatitis B, are often combined with hepatic encephalopathy (HE); ammonia poisoning is posited as one of its main pathogenesis mechanisms. Ammonia is closely related to autophagy, but the molecular mechanism of ammonia's regulatory effect on autophagy in HE remains unclear. Sialylation is an essential form of glycosylation. In the nervous system, abnormal sialylation affects various physiological processes, such as neural development and synapse formation. ST3 β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase 6 (ST3GAL6) is one of the significant glycosyltransferases responsible for adding α2,3-linked sialic acid to substrates and generating glycan structures. We found that the expression of ST3GAL6 was upregulated in the brains of mice with HE and in astrocytes after ammonia induction, and the expression levels of α2,3-sialylated glycans and autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 were upregulated in ammonia-induced astrocytes. These findings suggest that ST3GAL6 is related to autophagy in HE. Therefore, we aimed to determine the regulatory relationship between ST3GAL6 and autophagy. We found that silencing ST3GAL6 and blocking or degrading α2,3-sialylated glycans by way of Maackia amurensis lectin-II (MAL-II) and neuraminidase can inhibit autophagy. In addition, silencing the expression of ST3GAL6 can downregulate the expression of heat shock protein β8 (HSPB8) and Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3). Notably, the overexpression of HSPB8 partially restored the reduced autophagy levels caused by silencing ST3GAL6 expression. Our results indicate that ST3GAL6 regulates autophagy through the HSPB8-BAG3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yaqing Xiao
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yayun Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yonghong Guo
- The Infectious Disease Department, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135, China. ,
| | - Huijie Bian
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. ,
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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Han R, Lin C, Lu C, Wang Y, Kang J, Hu C, Dou Y, Wu D, He T, Tang H, Zheng J, Li L, He Y. Sialyltransferase ST3GAL4 confers osimertinib resistance and offers strategies to overcome resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216762. [PMID: 38408602 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The third-generation EGFR-TKI osimertinib is widely used in EGFR-mutated positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, but drug resistance is inevitable. The currently known mechanisms only explain resistance in a small proportion of patients. For most patients, the mechanism of osimertinib resistance is still unclear, especially for EGFR-independent resistance. Herein, we thoroughly investigated the novel mechanism of osimertinib resistance and treatment strategies. We identified that ST3GAL4, a sialyltransferase, catalyzes terminal glycan sialylation of receptor protein tyrosine kinases, which induces acquired resistance to osimertinib in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ST3GAL4 is generally overexpressed in osimertinib-resistant patients with unknown resistance mechanisms. ST3GAL4 modifies MET glycosylation on N785 with sialylation, which antagonizes K48-related ubiquitin-dependent MET degradation and subsequently activates MET and its downstream proliferation signaling pathways. Meanwhile, ST3GAL4 knockdown or inhibition by brigatinib resensitizes resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells to osimertinib in vitro and in vivo This study suggests that ST3GAL4 can induce acquired resistance to osimertinib, which may be an important EGFR-independent resistance mechanism Furthermore, targeting ST3GAL4 with brigatinib provides new strategies to overcome osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyao Dou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - TingTing He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Ferro F, Spelat R, Pandit A, Martin-Ventura JL, Rabinovich GA, Contessotto P. Glycosylation of blood cells during the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:178-196. [PMID: 38142190 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation controls cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) communication in immune, vascular, and inflammatory processes, underlining the critical role of this process in the identification of disease biomarkers and the design of novel therapies. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of blood cell glycosylation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis (ATH) and myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we review the role of glycosylation in the interplay between blood cells, particularly erythrocytes, and endothelial cells (ECs), highlighting the involvement of this critical post/cotranslational modification in settings of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Importantly, we focus on emerging preclinical studies and clinical trials based on glycan-targeted drugs to validate their therapeutic potential. These findings may help establish new trends in preventive medicine and delineate novel targeted therapies in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferro
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Renza Spelat
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Neurobiology Sector, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - José L Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paolo Contessotto
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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4
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Al Saoud R, Hamrouni A, Idris A, Mousa WK, Abu Izneid T. Recent advances in the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors to control cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115091. [PMID: 37421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities, representing a huge health and economic burden. One of the mechanisms that enables metastasis is hypersialylation, characterized by an overabundance of sialylated glycans on the tumor surface, which leads to repulsion and detachment of cells from the original tumor. Once the tumor cells are mobilized, sialylated glycans hijack the natural killer T-cells through self-molecular mimicry and activatea downstream cascade of molecular events that result in inhibition of cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses against cancer cells, ultimately leading to immune evasion. Sialylation is mediated by a family of enzymes known as sialyltransferases (STs), which catalyse the transfer of sialic acid residue from the donor, CMP-sialic acid, onto the terminal end of an acceptor such as N-acetylgalactosamine on the cell-surface. Upregulation of STs increases tumor hypersialylation by up to 60% which is considered a distinctive hallmark of several types of cancers such as pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, inhibiting STs has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent metastasis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the recent advances in designing novel sialyltransferase inhibitors using ligand-based drug design and high-throughput screening of natural and synthetic entities, emphasizing the most successful approaches. We analyse the limitations and challenges of designing selective, potent, and cell-permeable ST inhibitors that hindered further development of ST inhibitors into clinical trials. We conclude by analysing emerging opportunities, including advanced delivery methods which further increase the potential of these inhibitors to enrich the clinics with novel therapeutics to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim Al Saoud
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar Hamrouni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adi Idris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walaa K Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Abu Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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5
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Harduin-Lepers A. The vertebrate sialylation machinery: structure-function and molecular evolution of GT-29 sialyltransferases. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:473-492. [PMID: 37247156 PMCID: PMC10225777 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Every eukaryotic cell is covered with a thick layer of complex carbohydrates with essential roles in their social life. In Deuterostoma, sialic acids present at the outermost positions of glycans of glycoconjugates are known to be key players in cellular interactions including host-pathogen interactions. Their negative charge and hydrophilic properties enable their roles in various normal and pathological states and their expression is altered in many diseases including cancers. Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is orchestrated by the regulated expression of twenty sialyltransferases in human tissues with distinct enzymatic characteristics and preferences for substrates and linkages formed. However, still very little is known on the functional organization of sialyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus and how the sialylation machinery is finely regulated to provide the ad hoc sialome to the cell. This review summarizes current knowledge on sialyltransferases, their structure-function relationships, molecular evolution, and their implications in human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000, Lille, France.
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6
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Huang J, Huang J, Zhang G. Insights into the Role of Sialylation in Cancer Metastasis, Immunity, and Therapeutic Opportunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235840. [PMID: 36497322 PMCID: PMC9737300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialylation is an enzymatic process that covalently attaches sialic acids to glycoproteins and glycolipids and terminates them by creating sialic acid-containing glycans (sialoglycans). Sialoglycans, usually located in the outmost layers of cells, play crucial biological roles, notably in tumor transformation, growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. Thus, a deeper comprehension of sialylation in cancer will help to facilitate the development of innovative cancer therapies. Cancer sialylation-related articles have consistently increased over the last four years. The primary subjects of these studies are sialylation, cancer, immunotherapy, and metastasis. Tumor cells activate endothelial cells and metastasize to distant organs in part by the interactions of abnormally sialylated integrins with selectins. Furthermore, cancer sialylation masks tumor antigenic epitopes and induces an immunosuppressive environment, allowing cancer cells to escape immune monitoring. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes develop different recognition epitopes for glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides. Therefore, targeting tumor-derived sialoglycans is a promising approach to cancer treatments for limiting the dissemination of tumor cells, revealing immunogenic tumor antigens, and boosting anti-cancer immunity. Exploring the exact tumor sialoglycans may facilitate the identification of new glycan targets, paving the way for the development of customized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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7
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Casto-Boggess LD, Holland LA, Lawer-Yolar PA, Lucas JA, Guerrette JR. Microscale Quantification of the Inhibition of Neuraminidase Using Capillary Nanogel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16151-16159. [PMID: 36343965 PMCID: PMC9686991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase inhibitors modulate infections that involve sialic acids, making quantitative analyses of this inhibitory effect important for selecting and designing potential therapeutics. An automated nanogel capillary electrophoresis system is developed that integrates a 5 nL enzyme inhibition reaction in line with a 5 min separation-based assay of the enzymatic product to quantify inhibition as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and inhibitor constant (Ki). A neuraminidase enzyme from Clostridium perfringens is non-covalently immobilized in a thermally tunable nanogel positioned in the thermally controlled region of the capillary by increasing the capillary temperature to 37 °C. Aqueous inhibitor solutions are loaded into the capillary during the nanogel patterning step to surround the enzyme zone. The capillary electrophoresis separation provides a means to distinguish the de-sialylated product, enabling the use of sialyllactose which contains the trisaccharide motif observed on serine/threonine-linked (O-linked) glycans. A universal nanogel patterning scheme is developed that does not require pre-mixing of enzymes with inhibitors when an automated capillary electrophoresis instrument is used, thus reducing the consumption of enzymes and enabling adaption of the method to different inhibitors. The universal approach is successfully applied to two classical neuraminidase inhibitors with different electrophoretic mobilities. The IC50 and Ki values obtained for N-acetyl-2,3-dehydro-2-deoxyneuraminic acid (DANA) are 13 ± 3 and 5.0 ± 0.9 μM, respectively, and 28 ± 3 and 11 ± 1 μM, respectively, for Siastatin B. These values agree with literature reports and reflect the weaker inhibition anticipated for Siastatin B in comparison to DANA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Casto-Boggess
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26505, United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26505, United States
| | - Paul A Lawer-Yolar
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26505, United States
| | - John A Lucas
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26505, United States
| | - Jessica R Guerrette
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26505, United States
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8
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Keil J, Rafn GR, Turan IM, Aljohani MA, Sahebjam-Atabaki R, Sun XL. Sialidase Inhibitors with Different Mechanisms. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13574-13593. [PMID: 36252951 PMCID: PMC9620260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases, or neuraminidases, are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sialic acid (Sia)-containing molecules, mostly removal of the terminal Sia (desialylation). By desialylation, sialidase can modulate the functionality of the target compound and is thus often involved in biological pathways. Inhibition of sialidases with inhibitors is an important approach for understanding sialidase function and the underlying mechanisms and could serve as a therapeutic approach as well. Transition-state analogues, such as anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, are major sialidase inhibitors. In addition, difluoro-sialic acids were developed as mechanism-based sialidase inhibitors. Further, fluorinated quinone methide-based suicide substrates were reported. Sialidase product analogue inhibitors were also explored. Finally, natural products have shown competitive inhibiton against viral, bacterial, and human sialidases. This Perspective describes sialidase inhibitors with different mechanisms and their activities and future potential, which include transition-state analogue inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, suicide substrate inhibitors, product analogue inhibitors, and natural product inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
M. Keil
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and
Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Garrett R. Rafn
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and
Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Isaac M. Turan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and
Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Majdi A. Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and
Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Reza Sahebjam-Atabaki
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and
Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and
Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and
Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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9
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Aberrant Sialylation in Cancer: Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174248. [PMID: 36077781 PMCID: PMC9454432 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of every eukaryotic cell is coated in a thick layer of glycans that acts as a key interface with the extracellular environment. Cancer cells have a different ‘glycan coat’ to healthy cells and aberrant glycosylation is a universal feature of cancer cells linked to all of the cancer hallmarks. This means glycans hold huge potential for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. One key change in tumour glycosylation is increased sialylation, both on N-glycans and O-glycans, which leads to a dense forest of sialylated structures covering the cell surface. This hypersialylation has far-reaching consequences for cancer cells, and sialylated glycans are fundamental in tumour growth, metastasis, immune evasion and drug resistance. The development of strategies to inhibit aberrant sialylation in cancer represents an important opportunity to develop new therapeutics. Here, I summarise recent advances to target aberrant sialylation in cancer, including the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors and strategies to inhibit Siglecs and Selectins, and discuss opportunities for the future.
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10
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Adeva-Andany MM, Carneiro-Freire N. Biochemical composition of the glomerular extracellular matrix in patients with diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:498-520. [PMID: 36051430 PMCID: PMC9329837 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i7.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the glomeruli, mesangial cells produce mesangial matrix while podocytes wrap glomerular capillaries with cellular extensions named foot processes and tether the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). The turnover of the mature GBM and the ability of adult podocytes to repair injured GBM are unclear. The actin cytoskeleton is a major cytoplasmic component of podocyte foot processes and links the cell to the GBM. Predominant components of the normal glomerular extracellular matrix (ECM) include glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, laminins, fibronectin-1, and several types of collagen. In patients with diabetes, multiorgan composition of extracellular tissues is anomalous, including the kidney, so that the constitution and arrangement of glomerular ECM is profoundly altered. In patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the global quantity of glomerular ECM is increased. The level of sulfated proteoglycans is reduced while hyaluronic acid is augmented, compared to control subjects. The concentration of mesangial fibronectin-1 varies depending on the stage of DKD. Mesangial type III collagen is abundant in patients with DKD, unlike normal kidneys. The amount of type V and type VI collagens is higher in DKD and increases with the progression of the disease. The GBM contains lower amount of type IV collagen in DKD compared to normal tissue. Further, genetic variants in the α3 chain of type IV collagen may modulate susceptibility to DKD and end-stage kidney disease. Human cellular models of glomerular cells, analyses of human glomerular proteome, and improved microscopy procedures have been developed to investigate the molecular composition and organization of the human glomerular ECM.
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11
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Saad AA. Targeting cancer-associated glycans as a therapeutic strategy in leukemia. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2049901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdullah Saad
- Unit of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and BMT, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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12
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de Andrade P, Ahmadipour S, Field RA. Anomeric 1,2,3-triazole-linked sialic acid derivatives show selective inhibition towards a bacterial neuraminidase over a trypanosome trans-sialidase. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:208-216. [PMID: 35280952 PMCID: PMC8895027 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid is the natural substrate for sialidases and its chemical modification has been a useful approach to generate potent and selective inhibitors. Aiming at advancing the discovery of selective Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) inhibitors, we have synthesised a small series of anomeric 1,2,3-triazole-linked sialic acid derivatives in good yields and high purity via copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC, click chemistry) and evaluated their activity towards TcTS and neuraminidase. Surprisingly, the compounds showed practically no TcTS inhibition, whereas ca. 70% inhibition was observed for neuraminidase in relation to the analogues bearing hydrophobic substituents and ca. 5% for more polar substituents. These results suggest that polarity changes are less tolerated by neuraminidase due to the big difference in impact of hydrophobicity upon inhibition, thus indicating a simple approach to differentiate both enzymes. Moreover, such selectivity might be reasoned based on a possible steric hindrance caused by a bulky hydrophobic loop that sits over the TcTS active site and may prevent the hydrophobic inhibitors from binding. The present study is a step forward in exploiting subtle structural differences in sialidases that need to be addressed in order to achieve selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peterson de Andrade
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park NR4 7GJ, UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park NR4 7GJ, UK
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13
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Tvaroška I. Glycosyltransferases as targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer and inflammation: molecular modeling insights. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Hugonnet M, Singh P, Haas Q, von Gunten S. The Distinct Roles of Sialyltransferases in Cancer Biology and Onco-Immunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799861. [PMID: 34975914 PMCID: PMC8718907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation. Hypersialylation, the enhanced expression of sialic acid-terminated glycoconjugates on the cell surface, has been linked to immune evasion and metastatic spread, eventually by interaction with sialoglycan-binding lectins, including Siglecs and selectins. The biosynthesis of tumor-associated sialoglycans involves sialyltransferases, which are differentially expressed in cancer cells. In this review article, we provide an overview of the twenty human sialyltransferases and their roles in cancer biology and immunity. A better understanding of the individual contribution of select sialyltransferases to the tumor sialome may lead to more personalized strategies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Hugonnet
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pushpita Singh
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Haas
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Skropeta D, Dobie C, Montgomery AP, Steele H, Szabo R, Yu H. Sialyltransferase Inhibitors as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid occupies a privileged position at the terminus of the glycan chain of many cell-surface glycoconjugates. Owing to both their structure and location, charged sialic acid residues mediate numerous critical interactions in cell–cell communication including cell recognition, invasion, migration, receptor binding, and immunological responses. Sialyltransferases (STs) are the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans and are highly upregulated, up to 40–60 %, in a range of cancers, with tumour hypersialylation strongly correlated with both tumour progression and treatment resistance. Accordingly, inhibiting sialylation is currently being explored by several research groups worldwide as a potential new cancer treatment strategy. However, to progress small molecule ST inhibitors into the clinic, issues around selectivity, synthetic accessibility, and cell permeability need to be addressed. Using computationally guided design principles, we produced a leading series of ST inhibitors by replacing the cytidine nucleoside with uridine and substituting the charged phosphodiester linker with a carbamate or triazole moiety. Biological evaluation of the newly developed inhibitors was performed using commercially available human ST enzymes, with the Ki inhibition values of the lead compounds ranging from 1 to 20 µM. Compared with earlier generations of sialylation inhibitors, our inhibitors are non-toxic in a range of cell studies, with improved synthetic accessibility.
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