1
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Li C, Qiao K, Mu Y, Jiang L. Large-Scale Morphological Network Efficiency of Human Brain: Cognitive Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:605158. [PMID: 33732136 PMCID: PMC7959829 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.605158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Network efficiency characterizes how information flows within a network, and it has been used to study the neural basis of cognitive intelligence in adolescence, young adults, and elderly adults, in terms of the white matter in the human brain and functional connectivity networks. However, there were few studies investigating whether the human brain at different ages exhibited different underpins of cognitive and emotional intelligence (EI) from young adults to the middle-aged group, especially in terms of the morphological similarity networks in the human brain. In this study, we used 65 datasets (aging 18–64), including sMRI and behavioral measurements, to study the associations of network efficiency with cognitive intelligence and EI in young adults and the middle-aged group. We proposed a new method of defining the human brain morphological networks using the morphological distribution similarity (including cortical volume, surface area, and thickness). Our results showed inverted age × network efficiency interactions in the relationship of surface-area network efficiency with cognitive intelligence and EI: a negative age × global efficiency (nodal efficiency) interaction in cognitive intelligence, while a positive age × global efficiency (nodal efficiency) interaction in EI. In summary, this study not only proposed a new method of morphological similarity network but also emphasized the developmental effects on the brain mechanisms of intelligence from young adult to middle-aged groups and may promote mental health study on the middle-aged group in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaini Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Raimo S, Boccia M, Di Vita A, Cropano M, Guariglia C, Grossi D, Palermo L. The Body Across Adulthood: On the Relation Between Interoception and Body Representations. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:586684. [PMID: 33716641 PMCID: PMC7943607 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.586684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive information plays a pivotal role in building body representations (BR), but the association between interoception and the different types of BR in healthy individuals has never been systematically investigated. Thus, this study aimed to explore the association between BR and interoceptive sensibility (IS) throughout adulthood. One hundred thirty-seven healthy participants (50 aged from 18 to 40 years old; 50 aged from 41 to 60 years old; and 37 over 60 years old) were given a self-report tool for assessing IS (the Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ), and a specific battery including tasks evaluating three different BR (i.e., the body schema, using the Hand Laterality Task; the body structural representation, using the Frontal Body Evocation task, FBE; and body semantics, using the Object-Body Part Association Task) as well as control tasks (i.e., tasks with non-body stimuli). The older age group (aged over 60 years old) showed lower performances on the tasks probing the body schema and body structural representation than younger groups (aged 18 to 40 and 41 to 60 years old). More interestingly, worse performances on a task assessing the body schema were significantly associated with higher IS with older age, suggesting that higher awareness of one's inner body sensations would decrease the plasticity of this BR. These findings are interpreted according to the neuropsychological model of BR development and the effects of aging on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Maddalena Boccia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Di Vita
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cropano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Cecilia Guariglia
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Grossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Liana Palermo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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3
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Jockwitz C, Caspers S. Resting-state networks in the course of aging-differential insights from studies across the lifespan vs. amongst the old. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:793-803. [PMID: 33576851 PMCID: PMC8076139 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has widely been used to examine reorganization of functional brain networks during normal aging. The extraction of generalizable age trends, however, is hampered by differences in methodological approaches, study designs and sample characteristics. Distinct age ranges of study samples thereby represent an important aspect between studies especially due to the increase in inter-individual variability over the lifespan. The current review focuses on comparing age-related differences in RSFC in the course of the whole adult lifespan versus later decades of life. We summarize and compare studies assessing age-related differences in within- and between-network RSFC of major resting-state brain networks. Differential effects of the factor age on resting-state networks can be identified when comparing studies focusing on younger versus older adults with studies investigating effects within the older adult population. These differential effects pertain to higher order and primary processing resting-state networks to a varying extent. Especially during later decades of life, other factors beyond age might come into play to understand the high inter-individual variability in RSFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - S Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-Brain, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
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4
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Coupling of cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity is decreased in healthy aging. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:436-450. [PMID: 31250268 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00157-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to cerebral perfusion and functional connectivity changes that have been assessed using various neuroimaging techniques. In addition, a link between these two parameters has been demonstrated in healthy young adults. In this work, we employed arterial spin labeling (ASL) fMRI to measure global and voxel-wise differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and intrinsic connectivity contrast (ICC) in the resting state in a group of cognitively normal elderly subjects and a group of cognitively normal young subjects, in order to assess the effects of aging on CBF-ICC coupling, which had not been previously evaluated. Our results showed age-related global and regional CBF decreases in prefrontal mesial areas, lateral frontal regions, insular cortex, lateral parietal areas, precuneus and occipital regions. Subcortically, perfusion was reduced in the medial thalamus and caudate nucleus. ICC was also found reduced with age in prefrontal cortical areas and insular cortex, affecting key nodes of the default mode and salience networks. Areas of ICC and CBF decrease partially overlapped, however, the CBF reduction was more extensive and encompassed more areas. This dissociation was accompanied by a decrease in CBF-ICC coupling. These results suggest that aging leads to a disruption in the relationship between CBF and intrinsic functional connectivity that could be due to neurovascular dysregulation.
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5
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Malagurski B, Liem F, Oschwald J, Mérillat S, Jäncke L. Longitudinal functional brain network reconfiguration in healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4829-4845. [PMID: 32857461 PMCID: PMC7643380 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with changes in cognitive performance and functional brain organization. In fact, cross-sectional studies imply lower modularity and significant heterogeneity in modular architecture across older subjects. Here, we used a longitudinal dataset consisting of four occasions of resting-state-fMRI and cognitive testing (spanning 4 years) in 150 healthy older adults. We applied a graph-theoretic analysis to investigate the time-evolving modular structure of the whole-brain network, by maximizing the multilayer modularity across four time points. Global flexibility, which reflects the tendency of brain nodes to switch between modules across time, was significantly higher in healthy elderly than in a temporal null model. Further, global flexibility, as well as network-specific flexibility of the default mode, frontoparietal control, and somatomotor networks, were significantly associated with age at baseline. These results indicate that older age is related to higher variability in modular organization. The temporal metrics were not associated with simultaneous changes in processing speed or learning performance in the context of memory encoding. Finally, this approach provides global indices for longitudinal change across a given time span and it may contribute to uncovering patterns of modular variability in healthy and clinical aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Malagurski
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jessica Oschwald
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Susan Mérillat
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of PsychologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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6
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Boğa M, Günay B, Kapucu A. The Influence of Discrete Negative and Positive Stimuli on Recognition Memory of Younger vs. Older Adults. Exp Aging Res 2020; 47:21-39. [PMID: 33156738 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2020.1843894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The effects of emotional stimuli on memory in older adults are often addressed in terms of socio-emotional selectivity theory and the valence dimension. Older adults usually remember positive stimuli better than negative stimuli. However, studies examining the effects of discrete emotions on the elderly are still limited. The present study examined the effects of negative and positive discrete emotions (fear, disgust, and happiness) on recognition memory of older and younger adults. Method: In the encoding phase, participants studied happiness-, disgust-, fear-, and neutral- related photos while doing a line discrimination task that assessed their attention. After 45 minutes, they completed an old/new recognition memory test on a confidence rating scale and also rated self-relevance of photos. Results: Younger participants showed a more liberal response bias for disgust- and fear-related stimuli, and were also more accurate in recognizing disgust-related photos compared to others. Older adults showed a more liberal bias only for disgust-related stimuli, however, their recognition accuracy did not differ across emotion categories. Conclusion: These results suggested that the effect of disgust-related stimuli on recognition memory may decrease with age and emotion effects cannot solely be accounted for by the valence/arousal dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Boğa
- Department of Psychology, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Günay
- Department of Psychology, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Kapucu
- Department of Psychology, Ege University , Izmir, Turkey
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7
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Malagurski B, Liem F, Oschwald J, Mérillat S, Jäncke L. Functional dedifferentiation of associative resting state networks in older adults - A longitudinal study. Neuroimage 2020; 214:116680. [PMID: 32105885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with weaker functional connectivity within resting state brain networks and stronger functional interaction between these networks. This phenomenon has been characterized as reduced functional segregation and has been investigated mainly in cross-sectional studies. Here, we used a longitudinal dataset which consisted of four occasions of resting state fMRI and psychometric cognitive ability data, collected from a sample of healthy older adults (baseline N = 232, age range: 64-87 y, age M = 70.8 y), to investigate the functional segregation of several well-defined resting state networks encompassing the whole brain. We characterized the ratio of within-network and between-network correlations via the well-established segregation index. Our findings showed a decrease over a 4-year interval in the functional segregation of the default mode, frontoparietal control and salience ventral attention networks. In contrast, we showed an increase in the segregation of the limbic network over the same interval. More importantly, the rate of change in functional segregation of the frontoparietal control network was associated with the rate of change in processing speed. These findings support the hypothesis of functional dedifferentiation in healthy aging as well as its role in cognitive function in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Malagurski
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Oschwald
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Mérillat
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Lighthall NR. Neural mechanisms of decision-making in aging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2019; 11:e1519. [PMID: 31608583 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present review synthesizes findings on decision neuroscience and aging by focusing on decision processes that have been extensively studied in neuroeconomics and critically assessing the driving mechanisms of age-related change. The paper first highlights age-related changes to key brain structures that have been implicated in decision-making, then, reviews specific decision components and discusses investigations of age-related changes to their neural mechanisms. The review also weighs evidence for organic brain aging versus age-related changes to social and psychological factors in mediating age effects. Reviewed findings are discussed in the context of theories and frameworks that have been used to explain trajectories of change in decision-making across adulthood. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Development and Aging Psychology > Reasoning and Decision-Making Neuroscience > Cognition.
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9
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Ribeiro MJ, Castelo-Branco M. Neural correlates of anticipatory cardiac deceleration and its association with the speed of perceptual decision-making, in young and older adults. Neuroimage 2019; 199:521-533. [PMID: 31173904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Warning stimuli in sensorimotor tasks induce a state of preparedness characterized by increased alertness, focused attention and immobility. This state of attentive anticipation is associated with heart rate deceleration. Ageing affects the amplitude of the anticipatory cardiac deceleration responses; yet, the impact of this physiological change on cognitive performance is still to be elucidated. In fact, how cardiac deceleration relates to brain function and cognitive performance in the context of perceptual decision-making and different levels of decision complexity remains unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cardiac deceleration, brain function, and performance in perceptual decision tasks and how these associate with age-related changes. We measured simultaneously the electrocardiogram, the pupilogram, and the electroencephalogram in 36 young and 39 older adults, while they were engaged in two auditory cued reaction time tasks: a detection task and a go/no-go task requiring inhibitory control. We observed robust cardiac deceleration responses that increased with increasing task complexity. Notably, stronger modulation of the cardiac response across tasks was associated with the ability to maintain response speed as decision complexity increased suggesting a link between cardiac deceleration and facilitation of perceptual decisions. Additionally, cardiac deceleration appears to have a cortical origin as it correlated with frontocentral event-related potentials. In contrast, beta oscillations at baseline and task-related beta suppression were not predictive of cardiac deceleration suggesting a dissociation between sensorimotor oscillatory activity and this cardiac response. Importantly, we found age-related changes in anticipatory cardiac deceleration associated with deficits in perceptual decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Frazier I, Lighthall NR, Horta M, Perez E, Ebner NC. CISDA: Changes in Integration for Social Decisions in Aging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2019; 10:e1490. [PMID: 30605250 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aging of our population has been accompanied by increasing concerns about older adults' vulnerability to violations of trust and a growing interest in normative age-related changes to decision making involving social partners. This intersection has spurred research on age-related neurocognitive and affective changes underlying social decision making. Based on our review and synthesis of this literature, we propose a specification that targets social decision making in aging to the recently proposed Affect-Integration-Motivation (AIM) framework. Our framework specification, Changes in Integration for Social Decisions in Aging (CISDA), emphasizes three key components of value integration with particular relevance for social decisions in aging: theory of mind, emotion regulation, and memory for past experience. CISDA builds on converging research from economic decision making, cognitive neuroscience, and lifespan development to outline how age-related changes to neurocognition and behavior impact social decision making. We conclude with recommendations for future research based on CISDA's predictions, including implications for the development of interventions to enhance social decision outcomes in older adults. This article is categorized under: Economics > Individual Decision Making Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Psychology > Development and Aging Neuroscience > Cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Frazier
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Marilyn Horta
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eliany Perez
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Natalie C Ebner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Florida Institute for Cybersecurity Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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11
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A principled multivariate intersubject analysis of generalized partial directed coherence with Dirichlet regression: Application to healthy aging in areas exhibiting cortical thinning. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 311:243-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Hu S, Ide JS, Chao HH, Castagna B, Fischer KA, Zhang S, Li CSR. Structural and functional cerebral bases of diminished inhibitory control during healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:5085-5096. [PMID: 30113124 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control or the ability to refrain from incorrect responses is a critical executive function known to diminish during aging. Imaging studies have elucidated cerebral changes that may underlie the age-related deficits. However, it remains unclear whether the structural and functional changes occur in the same brain regions and whether reduced gray matter volumes (GMV) mediate decreased activation during inhibition. Here, in a sample of 149 participants, we addressed the issues using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Individual's response inhibition was evaluated by the stop signal reaction time (SSRT) in a stop signal task. The results showed that age was associated with prolonged SSRT across participants. Many cortical and subcortical regions demonstrated age-related reduction in GMV and activation to response inhibition. Additionally, age-related diminution in inhibitory control, as indexed by the SSRT, was associated with both shared and distinct morphometric and functional changes. Voxel-based morphometry demonstrated age-related reduction in GMV in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate head as well as bilateral insula, in association with prolonged SSRT. In a contrast of stop success versus go success trials, age was associated with lower activation in the medial and inferior frontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. Further, reduction in GMV mediated age-related differences in activations only of the medial prefrontal cortex, providing limited evidence for structure function association. Thus, the decline in inhibitory control, as evidenced in the stop signal task, manifest with both shared and distinct structural and functional processes during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Brittney Castagna
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York
| | - Kimberly A Fischer
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Melrose RJ, Young S, Weissberger GH, Natta L, Harwood D, Mandelkern M, Sultzer DL. Cerebral metabolic correlates of attention networks in Alzheimer's Disease: A study of the Stroop. Neuropsychologia 2017; 106:383-389. [PMID: 29055679 PMCID: PMC5708591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) show difficulties with attention. Cognitive neuroscience models posit that attention can be broken down into alerting, orienting, and executive networks. We used the Stroop Color-Word test to interrogate the neural correlates of attention deficits in AD. We hypothesized that the Word, Color, and Color-Word conditions of the Stroop would all tap into the alerting and orienting networks. The Color-Word condition would additionally tap into the executive network. A ratio of Color-Word to Color naming performance would isolate the executive network from the others. To identify the neural underpinnings of attention in AD we correlated performance on the Stroop with brain metabolic activity. Sixty-six patients with probable AD completed [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET scanning and neuropsychological testing. Analysis was conducted with SPM12 (p<0.001 uncorrected, extent threshold 50 voxels). Performance on the Word, Color, and Color-Word conditions directly correlated with metabolic rate in right inferior parietal lobules/intraparietal sulci. The Color-Word/Color ratio revealed associations with metabolic rate in right medial prefrontal cortex and insula/operculum. Overall findings were largely consistent with the hypothesized neuroanatomical substrates of the alerting, orienting, and executive networks. As such, attention deficits in AD reflect compromise to multiple large-scale networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Melrose
- Brain, Behavior & Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 158, Room 167, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Stephanie Young
- Brain, Behavior & Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 158, Room 167, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; UCLA Department of Medicine, Section of Medicine-Pediatrics, UCLA Santa Clarita Primary and Specialty Care, 25775 McBean Parkway, Suite 202, Valencia, CA 91355, USA
| | - Gali H Weissberger
- Brain, Behavior & Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 158, Room 167, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Laura Natta
- Brain, Behavior & Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 158, Room 167, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Dylan Harwood
- Brain, Behavior & Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 158, Room 167, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Mandelkern
- Nuclear Medicine Service, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 500, Room 0061, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Dept. of Physics, University of California, Irvine 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-4575, USA
| | - David L Sultzer
- Brain, Behavior & Aging Research Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Building 158, Room 167, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 300 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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14
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Walpola IC, Nest T, Roseman L, Erritzoe D, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Altered Insula Connectivity under MDMA. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:2152-2162. [PMID: 28195139 PMCID: PMC5603811 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent work with noninvasive human brain imaging has started to investigate the effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on large-scale patterns of brain activity. MDMA, a potent monoamine-releaser with particularly pronounced serotonin- releasing properties, has unique subjective effects that include: marked positive mood, pleasant/unusual bodily sensations and pro-social, empathic feelings. However, the neurobiological basis for these effects is not properly understood, and the present analysis sought to address this knowledge gap. To do this, we administered MDMA-HCl (100 mg p.o.) and, separately, placebo (ascorbic acid) in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design with twenty-five healthy volunteers undergoing fMRI scanning. We then employed a measure of global resting-state functional brain connectivity and follow-up seed-to-voxel analysis to the fMRI data we acquired. Results revealed decreased right insula/salience network functional connectivity under MDMA. Furthermore, these decreases in right insula/salience network connectivity correlated with baseline trait anxiety and acute experiences of altered bodily sensations under MDMA. The present findings highlight insular disintegration (ie, compromised salience network membership) as a neurobiological signature of the MDMA experience, and relate this brain effect to trait anxiety and acutely altered bodily sensations-both of which are known to be associated with insular functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan C Walpola
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6825 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3, Tel: 5147662010, E-mail:
| | - Timothy Nest
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leor Roseman
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Erritzoe
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - David J Nutt
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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