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Nicolini P, Malfatto G, Lucchi T. Heart Rate Variability and Cognition: A Narrative Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:280. [PMID: 38202287 PMCID: PMC10780278 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable and convenient method to assess autonomic function. Cross-sectional studies have established a link between HRV and cognition. Longitudinal studies are an emerging area of research with important clinical implications in terms of the predictive value of HRV for future cognition and in terms of the potential causal relationship between HRV and cognition. However, they have not yet been the objective of a systematic review. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between HRV and cognition in longitudinal studies. METHODS The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The Embase, PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched from the earliest available date to 26 June 2023. Studies were included if they involved adult human subjects and evaluated the longitudinal association between HRV and cognition. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for Cohort Studies. The results were presented narratively. RESULTS Of 14,359 records screened, 12 studies were included in this systematic review, with a total of 24,390 participants. Two thirds of the studies were published from 2020 onwards. All studies found a longitudinal relationship between HRV and cognition. There was a consistent association between higher parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity and better cognition, and some association between higher sympathetic nervous system activity and worse cognition. Also, higher PNS activity persistently predicted better executive functioning, while data on episodic memory and language were more scant and/or controversial. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the role of HRV as a biomarker of future cognition and, potentially, as a therapeutic target to improve cognition. They will need confirmation by further, more comprehensive studies also including unequivocal non-HRV sympathetic measures and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nicolini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Department, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Malfatto
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Lucchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Geriatric Unit, Internal Medicine Department, 20122 Milan, Italy;
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Ramos AA, Galiano-Castillo N, Machado L. Cognitive Functioning of Unaffected First-degree Relatives of Individuals With Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2023; 33:659-674. [PMID: 36057684 PMCID: PMC10770217 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
First-degree relatives of individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are at increased risk for developing dementia, yet the associations between family history of LOAD and cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. In this quantitative review, we provide the first meta-analysis on the cognitive profile of unaffected first-degree blood relatives of LOAD-affected individuals compared to controls without a family history of LOAD. A systematic literature search was conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed /MEDLINE, and Scopus. We fitted a three-level structural equation modeling meta-analysis to control for non-independent effect sizes. Heterogeneity and risk of publication bias were also investigated. Thirty-four studies enabled us to estimate 218 effect sizes across several cognitive domains. Overall, first-degree relatives (n = 4,086, mean age = 57.40, SD = 4.71) showed significantly inferior cognitive performance (Hedges' g = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.25 to -0.08; p < .001) compared to controls (n = 2,388, mean age = 58.43, SD = 5.69). Specifically, controls outperformed first-degree relatives in language, visuospatial and verbal long-term memory, executive functions, verbal short-term memory, and verbal IQ. Among the first-degree relatives, APOE ɛ4 carriership was associated with more significant dysfunction in cognition (g = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.11; p < .001) compared to non-carriers (g = -0.14; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.01; p = .04). Cognitive test type was significantly associated with between-group differences, accounting for 65% (R23 = .6499) of the effect size heterogeneity in the fitted regression model. No evidence of publication bias was found. The current findings provide support for mild but robust cognitive dysfunction in first-degree relatives of LOAD-affected individuals that appears to be moderated by cognitive domain, cognitive test type, and APOE ɛ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Alex Ramos
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, CEP 80.215-901, Brazil.
| | - Noelia Galiano-Castillo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences Faculty, "Cuidate" from Biomedical Group (BIO277), Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), and Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Liana Machado
- Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Liu CR, Kuo TBJ, Jou JH, Lai CTL, Chang YK, Liou YM. Bright Morning Lighting Enhancing Parasympathetic Activity at Night: A Pilot Study on Elderly Female Patients with Dementia without a Pacemaker. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060793. [PMID: 36981450 PMCID: PMC10048435 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to bright morning light (BML) entrains the master circadian clock, modulates physiological circadian rhythms, and reduces sleep-wake disturbances. However, its impact on the autonomic nervous system at night remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of BML exposure on parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity at night in elderly women. This nonrandomized controlled pilot study included female participants aged ≥ 60 years who were diagnosed with a type of dementia or cognitive disorder, excluding individuals with pacemakers. The treatment group was exposed to 2500 lx of BML, whereas the control group was exposed to 200 lx of general lighting. We measured heart rate variability to quantify ANS activity. The treatment group displayed significant increases in high-frequency (HF) power (Roy's largest root = 1.62; p < 0.001) and nonsignificant decreases in normalized low-frequency (LF%) power. The corresponding nonsignificant decreases in the low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio and cognitive function were correlated with PSNS activity (Roy's largest root = 1.41; p < 0.001), which improved severe dementia. BML exposure reduced SNS activity and enhanced PSNS activity at night in female participants, which improved cognitive function. Thus, BML therapy may be a useful clinical tool for alleviating cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry B J Kuo
- Institute of Brain Science, Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Lai Lai
- Institute of Brain Science, Sleep Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yiing Mei Liou
- Institute of Community Health Care, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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4
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Yang Y, Wang X, Xiao A, Han J, Wang Z, Wen M. Ketogenic diet prevents chronic sleep deprivation-induced Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting iron dyshomeostasis and promoting repair via Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:998292. [PMID: 36118706 PMCID: PMC9475074 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.998292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is one of the main risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown widely neuroprotective effects but less known about its effect on SD-induced AD. In the present study, a continuous 21 days SD mouse model with or without KD was established. The changes of cognitive function, pathological hallmarks of AD, ferroptosis, and intracellular signal pathways in mice were detected by Morris water maze, ThS staining, diaminobenzidine (DAB)-enhanced Perls’ stain, antioxidant assay, immuno-histochemistry, and western blot. The results showed that KD can prevent the cognitive deficiency, amyloid deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau induced by chronic SD. Analysis of ferroptosis revealed that KD can inhibit iron dyshomeostasis by down-regulating the expression of TfR1 and DMT1 and up-regulating the expression of FTH1, FPN1. Meanwhile, KD alleviated oxidative stress with elevated xCT/GPX4 axis, FSP1 and reduced MDA. In addition, KD could promote neuronal repair by enhancing BDNF and DCX. Further studies demonstrated that KD activated Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus in SD-exposed mice. Our finding firstly suggested that KD could prevent chronic SD-induced AD by inhibiting ferroptosis and improving the neuronal repair ability via Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Endogenous biological clocks, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, time the circadian rhythms that synchronize physiological and behavioural functions in humans. The circadian system influences most physiological processes, including sleep, alertness and cognitive performance. Disruption of circadian homeostasis has deleterious effects on human health. Neurodegenerative disorders involve a wide range of symptoms, many of which exhibit diurnal variations in frequency and intensity. These disorders also disrupt circadian homeostasis, which in turn has negative effects on symptoms and quality of life. Emerging evidence points to a bidirectional relationship between circadian homeostasis and neurodegeneration, suggesting that circadian function might have an important role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the circadian system has become an attractive target for research and clinical care innovations. Studying circadian disruption in neurodegenerative disorders could expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration and facilitate the development of novel, circadian-based interventions for these disabling disorders. In this Review, we discuss the alterations to the circadian system that occur in movement (Parkinson disease and Huntington disease) and cognitive (Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal dementia) neurodegenerative disorders and provide directions for future investigations in this field.
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Folgueira A, Simonelli G, Plano S, Tortello C, Cuiuli JM, Blanchard A, Patagua A, Brager AJ, Capaldi VF, Aubert AE, Barbarito M, Golombek DA, Vigo DE. Sleep, napping and alertness during an overwintering mission at Belgrano II Argentine Antarctic station. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10875. [PMID: 31350440 PMCID: PMC6659627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During Antarctic isolation personnel are exposed to extreme photoperiods. A frequent observation is a sleep onset phase delay during winter. It is not known if, as a result, daytime sleeping in the form of naps increases. We sought to assess sleep patterns - with focus on daytime sleeping - and alertness in a Latin American crew overwintering in Argentine Antarctic station Belgrano II. Measurements were collected in 13 males during March, May, July, September and November, and included actigraphy and psychomotor vigilance tasks. Sleep duration significantly decreased during winter. A total of eight participants took at least one weekly nap across all measurement points. During winter, the nap onset was delayed, its duration increased and its efficiency improved. We observed a significant effect of seasonality in the association of evening alertness with sleep onset. Our results replicate previous findings regarding sleep during overwintering in Antarctica, adding the description of the role of napping and the report of a possible modulatory effect of seasonality in the relation between sleep and alertness. Napping should be considered as an important factor in the scheduling of activities of multicultural crews that participate in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Folgueira
- Neurology Department, Central Military Hospital, Argentine Army, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Simonelli
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Santiago Plano
- Chronobiology Lab, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Argentina and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Tortello
- Chronobiology Lab, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Argentina and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Abel Blanchard
- Argentine Joint Antarctic Command, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Allison J Brager
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent F Capaldi
- Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - André E Aubert
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Diego A Golombek
- Chronobiology Lab, National University of Quilmes (UNQ), Argentina and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Abulafia C, Fiorentini L, Loewenstein DA, Curiel-Cid R, Sevlever G, Nemeroff CB, Villarreal MF, Vigo DE, Guinjoan SM. Executive functioning in cognitively normal middle-aged offspring of late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 112:23-29. [PMID: 30836202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Episodic memory deficits are traditionally seen as the hallmark cognitive impairment during the prodromal continuum of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Previous studies identified early brain alterations in regions subserving executive functions in asymptomatic, middle-aged offspring of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD), suggesting that premature episodic memory deficits could be associated to executive dysfunction in this model. We hypothesized that O-LOAD would exhibit reduced executive performance evidenced by increased errors and decreased strategy use on an episodic memory task. We assessed 32 asymptomatic middle-aged O-LOAD and 28 age-equivalent control subjects (CS) with several tests that measure executive functions and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to measure memory performance. All tests were scored using both traditional and process scores (quantification of errors and strategies underlying overall performance). T-tests were used to compare performance between both groups and Spearman correlations were implemented to measure associations between variables. O-LOAD participants exhibited decreased executive performance compared to CS as it relates to initiation time (Tower of London), mental switching (Trail Making Test B), and interference effects (Stroop Word-Color condition). Traditional RAVLT measures showed a poorer performance by O-LOAD and RAVLT process scores revealed increased interference effects on this group. Positive correlations (rs) were found between the executive measures and several RAVLT measures for O-LOAD but not for CS. In conclusion, O-LOAD participants exhibited early subtle cognitive changes in executive processing. Observed memory difficulties may be associated in part to executive deficits suggesting an interplay between memory and executive functions. Process score impairments were observed earlier than clinical decline on neuropsychological scores in this at-risk cohort and might be useful cognitive markers of preclinical LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Abulafia
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Fiorentini
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Rosie Curiel-Cid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Departamento de Neuropatología y Biología Molecular. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Docencia e Investigación. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Physics (FCEyN), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina; Servicio de Psiquiatría. FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Unidad docente FLENI, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Argentina.
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8
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Cortical thickness, brain metabolic activity, and in vivo amyloid deposition in asymptomatic, middle-aged offspring of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 107:11-18. [PMID: 30308328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The natural history of preclinical late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) remains obscure and has received less attention than that of early-onset AD (EOAD), in spite of accounting for more than 99% of cases of AD. With the purpose of detecting early structural and functional traits associated with the disorder, we sought to characterize cortical thickness and subcortical grey matter volume, cerebral metabolism, and amyloid deposition in persons at risk for LOAD in comparison with a similar group without family history of AD. We obtained 3T T1 images for gray matter volume, FDG-PET to evaluate regional cerebral metabolism, and PET-PiB to detect fibrillar amyloid deposition in 30 middle-aged, asymptomatic, cognitively normal individuals with one parent diagnosed with LOAD (O-LOAD), and 25 comparable controls (CS) without family history of neurodegenerative disorders (CS). We observed isocortical thinning in AD-relevant areas including posterior cingulate, precuneus, and areas of the prefrontal and temporoparietal cortex in O-LOAD. Unexpectedly, this group displayed increased cerebral metabolism, in some cases overlapping with the areas of cortical thinning, and no differences in bilateral hippocampal volume and hippocampal metabolism. Given the importance of age in this sample of individuals potentially developing early AD-related changes, we controlled results for age and observed that most differences in cortical thickness and metabolism became nonsignificant; however, greater deposition of β-amyloid was observed in the right hemisphere including temporoparietal cortex, postcentral gyrus, fusiform inferior and middle temporal and lingual gyri. If replicated, the present observations of morphological, metabolic, and amyloid changes in cognitively normal persons with family history of LOAD may bear important implications for the definition of very early phenotypes of this disorder.
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Wu JQ, Li P, Stavitsky Gilbert K, Hu K, Cronin‐Golomb A. Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythms Predict Cognitive Function in Early Parkinson's Disease Independently of Sleep. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:614-619. [PMID: 30637282 PMCID: PMC6277371 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a common and debilitating symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its etiology is likely multifactorial. One candidate mechanism is circadian disruption. Although there is evidence of circadian abnormalities in PD, no studies have directly assessed their association with cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES Investigate whether circadian rest-activity rhythm is associated with cognitive function in PD independently of sleep. METHODS Thirty-five participants with PD wore wrist actigraph monitors and completed sleep diaries for 7 to 10 days, then underwent neuropsychological testing. Rest-activity rhythm was characterized using nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis of actigraphy data. Objective sleep parameters were also estimated using actigraphy data. Hierarchical regression models assessed the independent contributions of sleep and rest-activity rhythm to cognitive performance. RESULTS Less stable day-to-day rest-activity rhythm was associated with poorer executive, visuospatial, and psychomotor functioning, but not with memory. Hierarchical regressions showed that interdaily stability's contribution to cognitive performance was independent of sleep's contributions. Whereas sleep contributed to executive function, but not psychomotor or visuospatial performance, rest-activity rhythm stability significantly contributed to variance in all three of these domains, uniquely accounting for 14.4% to 17.6% of their performance variance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that circadian rest-activity rhythm is associated with cognitive impairment independently of sleep. This suggests the possible utility of rest-activity rhythm as a biomarker for circadian function in PD. Future research should explore interventions to stabilize behavioral rhythms in order to strengthen circadian function, which, in turn, may reduce cognitive impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Q. Wu
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karina Stavitsky Gilbert
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alice Cronin‐Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Martinez-Nicolas A, Madrid JA, García FJ, Campos M, Moreno-Casbas MT, Almaida-Pagán PF, Lucas-Sánchez A, Rol MA. Circadian monitoring as an aging predictor. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15027. [PMID: 30301951 PMCID: PMC6177481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing process is associated with sleep and circadian rhythm (SCR) frailty, as well as greater sensitivity to chronodisruption. This is essentially due to reduced day/night contrast, decreased sensitivity to light, napping and a more sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop an algorithm to identify a SCR phenotype as belonging to young or aged subjects. To do this, 44 young and 44 aged subjects were recruited, and their distal skin temperature (DST), activity, body position, light, environmental temperature and the integrated variable TAP rhythms were recorded under free-living conditions for five consecutive workdays. Each variable yielded an individual decision tree to differentiate between young and elderly subjects (DST, activity, position, light, environmental temperature and TAP), with agreement rates of between 76.1% (light) and 92% (TAP). These decision trees were combined into a unique decision tree that reached an agreement rate of 95.3% (4 errors out of 88, all of them around the cut-off point). Age-related SCR changes were very significant, thus allowing to discriminate accurately between young and aged people when implemented in decision trees. This is useful to identify chronodisrupted populations that could benefit from chronoenhancement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Nicolas
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Madrid
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - F J García
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Geriatrics Section, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Toledo, Spain
| | - M Campos
- Department of Computer Science and Systems, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - M T Moreno-Casbas
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Nursing and Healthcare Research Unit (Investén-isciii), Madrid, Spain
| | - P F Almaida-Pagán
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Lucas-Sánchez
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Rol
- Chronobiology Lab, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, Mare Nostrum Campus, IUIE, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Sánchez SM, Abulafia C, Duarte-Abritta B, de Guevara MSL, Castro MN, Drucaroff L, Sevlever G, Nemeroff CB, Vigo DE, Loewenstein DA, Villarreal MF, Guinjoan SM. Failure to Recover from Proactive Semantic Interference and Abnormal Limbic Connectivity in Asymptomatic, Middle-Aged Offspring of Patients with Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1183-1193. [PMID: 28984601 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have obtained previous evidence of limbic dysfunction in middle-aged, asymptomatic offspring of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) patients, and failure to recover from proactive semantic interference has been shown to be a sensitive cognitive test in other groups at risk for LOAD. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of specific proactive semantic interference deficits as they relate to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neocortical and limbic functional connectivity in middle aged offspring of individuals with LOAD (O-LOAD) and age-equivalent controls. METHODS We examined 21 O-LOAD and 20 controls without family history of neurodegenerative disorders (CS) on traditional measures of cognitive functioning and the LASSI-L, a novel semantic interference test uniquely sensitive to the failure to recover from proactive interference (frPSI). Cognitive tests then were correlated to fMRI connectivity of seeds located in entorhinal cortex and anterodorsal thalamic nuclei among O-LOAD and CS participants. RESULTS Relative to CS, O-LOAD participants evidenced lower connectivity between entorhinal cortex and orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and anterior temporal cortex. In the offspring of LOAD patients, LASSI-L measures of frPSI were inversely associated with connectivity between anterodorsal thalamus and contralateral posterior cingulate. Intrusions on the task related to frPSI were inversely correlated with a widespread connectivity network involving hippocampal, insular, posterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, along with precunei and anterior thalamus in this group. Different patterns of connectivity associated with frPSI were observed among controls. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that both semantic interference deficits and connectivity abnormalities might reflect limbic circuit dysfunction as a very early clinical signature of LOAD pathology, as previously demonstrated for other limbic phenotypes, such as sleep and circadian alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M Sánchez
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Department of Physics (FCEyN), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Abulafia
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Soledad Ladrón de Guevara
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Mariana N Castro
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Lucas Drucaroff
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Department of Neuropathology and Molecular Biology, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel E Vigo
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, and The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A Loewenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mirta F Villarreal
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Department of Physics (FCEyN), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Salvador M Guinjoan
- Service of Psychiatry, FLENI Foundation, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Argentina.,Neurophysiology I, University of Buenos Aires School of Psychology, Argentina
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Lin H, Zhang L, Lin D, Chen W, Zhu Y, Chen C, Chan KC, Liu Y, Chen W. Visual Restoration after Cataract Surgery Promotes Functional and Structural Brain Recovery. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:52-61. [PMID: 29548900 PMCID: PMC5952227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visual function and brain function decline concurrently with aging. Notably, cataract patients often present with accelerated age-related decreases in brain function, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Optical structures of the anterior segment of the eyes, such as the lens and cornea, can be readily reconstructed to improve refraction and vision quality. However, the effects of visual restoration on human brain function and structure remain largely unexplored. Methods A prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-six patients with bilateral age-related cataracts (ARCs) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation and 26 healthy controls without ARC, matched for age, sex, and education, were recruited. Visual functions (including visual acuity, visual evoke potential, and contrast sensitivity), the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional magnetic resonance imaging (including the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and grey matter volume variation) were assessed for all the participants and reexamined for ARC patients after cataract surgery. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02644720). Findings Compared with the healthy controls, the ARC patients presented decreased brain functionality as well as structural alterations in visual and cognitive-related brain areas preoperatively. Three months postoperatively, significant functional improvements were observed in the visual and cognitive-related brain areas of the patients. Six months postoperatively, the patients' grey matter volumes in these areas were significantly increased. Notably, both the function and structure in the visual and cognitive-related brain areas of the patients improved significantly and became comparable to those of the healthy controls 6 months postoperatively. Interpretation We demonstrated that ocular reconstruction can functionally and structurally reverse cataract-induced brain changes. The integrity of the eye is essential for maintaining the structure and function of the brain within and beyond the primary visual pathway. Cataract patients with reduced visual function presented a simultaneous decrease in brain function and grey matter volume. Cataract surgery can reverse cerebral changes in both visual and cognitive-related regions associated with visual decline. The integrity of the eye is essential for maintaining the structure and function of the brain.
The eyes and brain are anatomically and functionally connected. Age related cataract (ARC) is associated with structural and functional impairments of the brain. However, whether these changes are reversible after cataract surgery is largely unknown. We assessed the patients based on subjective cognitive evaluations and objective functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after surgery. Significant improvements in brain function and increases in the grey matter volumes of the visual, cognitive-related, and somatosensory brain areas were observed, demonstrating that the impaired brain function and structure of ARC patients can be reversed after restoration of visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin C Chan
- NYU Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, People's Republic of China.
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