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Grünewald B, Wickel J, Hahn N, Rahmati V, Rupp H, Chung HY, Haselmann H, Strauss AS, Schmidl L, Hempel N, Grünewald L, Urbach A, Bauer M, Toyka KV, Blaess M, Claus RA, König R, Geis C. Targeted rescue of synaptic plasticity improves cognitive decline in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00301-0. [PMID: 38788710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a frequent complication of severe systemic infection resulting in delirium, premature death, and long-term cognitive impairment. We closely mimicked SAE in a murine peritoneal contamination and infection (PCI) model. We found long-lasting synaptic pathology in the hippocampus including defective long-term synaptic plasticity, reduction of mature neuronal dendritic spines, and severely affected excitatory neurotransmission. Genes related to synaptic signaling, including the gene for activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) and members of the transcription-regulatory EGR gene family, were downregulated. At the protein level, ARC expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in the brain were affected. For targeted rescue we used adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of ARC in the hippocampus in vivo. This recovered defective synaptic plasticity and improved memory dysfunction. Using the enriched environment paradigm as a non-invasive rescue intervention, we found improvement of defective long-term potentiation, memory, and anxiety. The beneficial effects of an enriched environment were accompanied by an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ARC expression in the hippocampus, suggesting that activation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway leads to restoration of the PCI-induced reduction of ARC. Collectively, our findings identify synaptic pathomechanisms underlying SAE and provide a conceptual approach to target SAE-induced synaptic dysfunction with potential therapeutic applications to patients with SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Grünewald
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Institute of Pathophysiology and Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Hahn
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Vahid Rahmati
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanna Rupp
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ha-Yeun Chung
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Haselmann
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja S Strauss
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lars Schmidl
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Hempel
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lena Grünewald
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Healthy Aging, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging, Aging Research Center Jena, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus V Toyka
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Blaess
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Institute of Precision Medicine, Medical and Life Sciences Faculty, Furtwangen University, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Jena, Germany.
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Zhang YM, Wei RM, Feng YZ, Zhang KX, Ge YJ, Kong XY, Li XY, Chen GH. Sleep deprivation aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment: The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity-associated proteins. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 386:578252. [PMID: 38086228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Sleep loss disrupts the host's immune balance and increases neuroinflammation. This study explored whether chronic sleep deprivation aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment and assessed the underlying mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (250 μg/kg) was administered to adult mice for 9 days, accompanied with daily intermittent sleep deprivation from 12:00 to 18:00 by using an activity wheel. Anxiety, depression, and cognitive function were evaluated using a task battery consisting of an open field, elevated plus maze, tail suspension, forced swimming, and Morris water maze tests. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity-associated proteins were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot, respectively. The results showed that lipopolysaccharide increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, impaired cognitive function, uprelated interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin (SYN), which were aggravated by chronic sleep deprivation. These results suggest that chronic sleep deprivation exerted adverse effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment, which was associated with changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and synaptic plasticity associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Ru-Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yi-Zhou Feng
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kai-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yi Kong
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xue-Yan Li
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology (Sleep Disorders), The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, PR China.
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Ding YN, Wang TT, Lv SJ, Tang X, Wei ZY, Yao F, Xu HS, Chen YN, Wang XM, Wang HY, Wang HP, Zhang ZQ, Zhao X, Hao DL, Sun LH, Zhou Z, Wang L, Chen HZ, Liu DP. SIRT6 is an epigenetic repressor of thoracic aortic aneurysms via inhibiting inflammation and senescence. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:255. [PMID: 37394473 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) develop asymptomatically and are characterized by dilatation of the aorta. This is considered a life-threating vascular disease due to the risk of aortic rupture and without effective treatments. The current understanding of the pathogenesis of TAA is still limited, especially for sporadic TAAs without known genetic mutation. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression was significantly decreased in the tunica media of sporadic human TAA tissues. Genetic knockout of Sirt6 in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells accelerated TAA formation and rupture, reduced survival, and increased vascular inflammation and senescence after angiotensin II infusion. Transcriptome analysis identified interleukin (IL)-1β as a pivotal target of SIRT6, and increased IL-1β levels correlated with vascular inflammation and senescence in human and mouse TAA samples. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that SIRT6 bound to the Il1b promoter to repress expression partly by reducing the H3K9 and H3K56 acetylation. Genetic knockout of Il1b or pharmacological inhibition of IL-1β signaling with the receptor antagonist anakinra rescued Sirt6 deficiency mediated aggravation of vascular inflammation, senescence, TAA formation and survival in mice. The findings reveal that SIRT6 protects against TAA by epigenetically inhibiting vascular inflammation and senescence, providing insight into potential epigenetic strategies for TAA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zi-Yu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Shi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - De-Long Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Hong Sun
- Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - De-Pei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Medical Epigenetics Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Ji MH, Gao YZ, Shi CN, Wu XM, Yang JJ. Acute and long-term cognitive impairment following sepsis: mechanism and prevention. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:931-943. [PMID: 37615511 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2250917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a severe host response to infection, which induces both acute and long-term cognitive impairment. Despite its high incidence following sepsis, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective treatments are not available clinically. AREA COVERED This review focuses on elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following sepsis. Specifically, the authors discuss the role of systemic inflammation response, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal dysfunction, and Aβ accumulation and tau phosphorylation in cognitive impairment after sepsis. Additionally, they review current strategies to ameliorate cognitive impairment. EXPERT OPINION Potential interventions to reduce cognitive impairment after sepsis include earlier diagnosis and effective infection control, hemodynamic homeostasis, and adequate brain perfusion. Furthermore, interventions to reduce inflammatory response, reactive oxygen species, blood-brain barrier disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal injury or death could be beneficial. Implementing strategies to minimize delirium, sleep disturbance, stress factors, and immobility are also recommended. Furthermore, avoiding neurotoxins and implementing early rehabilitation may also be important for preventing cognitive impairment after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cui-Na Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Bircak-Kuchtova B, Chung HY, Wickel J, Ehler J, Geis C. Neurofilament light chains to assess sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Are we on the track toward clinical implementation? Crit Care 2023; 27:214. [PMID: 37259091 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the most common cause of admission to intensive care units worldwide. Sepsis patients frequently suffer from sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) reflecting acute brain dysfunction. SAE may result in increased mortality, extended length of hospital stay, and long-term cognitive dysfunction. The diagnosis of SAE is based on clinical assessments, but a valid biomarker to identify and confirm SAE and to assess SAE severity is missing. Several blood-based biomarkers indicating neuronal injury have been evaluated in sepsis and their potential role as early diagnosis and prognostic markers has been studied. Among those, the neuroaxonal injury marker neurofilament light chain (NfL) was identified to potentially serve as a prognostic biomarker for SAE and to predict long-term cognitive impairment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of biomarkers, especially NfL, in SAE and discuss a possible future clinical application considering existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Bircak-Kuchtova
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department for Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Ha-Yeun Chung
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department for Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department for Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Ehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department for Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Tang C, Jin Y, Wang H. The biological alterations of synapse/synapse formation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:1054605. [PMID: 36530954 PMCID: PMC9755596 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1054605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common complication caused by sepsis, and is responsible for increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Neurological dysfunction is one of the main manifestations of SAE patients. Patients may still have long-term cognitive impairment after hospital discharge, and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we first outline the pathophysiological changes of SAE, including neuroinflammation, glial activation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Synapse dysfunction is one of the main contributors leading to neurological impairment. Therefore, we summarized SAE-induced synaptic dysfunction, such as synaptic plasticity inhibition, neurotransmitter imbalance, and synapses loss. Finally, we discuss the alterations in the synapse, synapse formation, and mediators associated with synapse formation during SAE. In this review, we focus on the changes in synapse/synapse formation caused by SAE, which can further understand the synaptic dysfunction associated with neurological impairment in SAE and provide important insights for exploring appropriate therapeutic targets of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huan Wang
- College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian, China
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Tian R, Liu X, Jing L, Yang L, Xie N, Hou Y, Tao H, Tao Y, Wu J, Meng X. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction attenuates cognitive dysfunction of rats with type 2 diabetes by regulating autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115196. [PMID: 35337922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction (HLJDD) is a traditional Chinese formula that is efficacious in treating diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetic encephalopathy; the underlying mechanisms of HLJDD in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of HLJDD on cognitive function, and the possible underlying mechanisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a rat model of cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve active ingredients in HLJDD were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. An animal model of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM was induced via a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, T2DM, metformin (0.34 g/kg/day), and HLJDD groups (3, 1.5, and 0.75 g/kg/day). All treatments were intragastrically administrated for nine continuous weeks after the development of T2DM. Body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and blood lipid levels were measured. Spatial learning and memory of the rats were assessed using the Morris water maze test. Hematoxylin and eosin and Nissl staining were performed to evaluate neuronal morphology and vitality. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels were measured to determine the level of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the synaptic morphology and structure of hippocampal neurons. IL-1β levels in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid were determined. The protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, mature IL-1β, ATG7, P62, LC3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS HLJDD attenuated cognitive dysfunction in rats with T2DM as shown by the decreased escape latency, increased times crossing the platform and time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze test (P < 0.05), improvement in hippocampal histopathological changes, and an elevated level of cell vitality. HLJDD treatment also reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, ameliorated oxidative stress, and downregulated IL-1β expression in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid (P < 0.05). Moreover, HLJDD enhanced BDNF, ATG7, and LC3 protein expression and significantly inhibited the expression of P62, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and mature IL-1β in the hippocampal CA1 region (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence results further confirmed that the fluorescence intensity of NLRP3 and P62 in the hippocampus decreased after HLJDD intervention (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HLJDD ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in T2DM rats. The neuroprotective effect is exerted via the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, upregulation of autophagy, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Na Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zheng Y, Reiner B, Liu J, Xu L, Xiong H. Methamphetamine augments HIV-1 gp120 inhibition of synaptic transmission and plasticity in rat hippocampal slices: Implications for methamphetamine exacerbation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105712. [PMID: 35337950 PMCID: PMC9150446 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are two major public health problems worldwide. Being frequently comorbid with HIV-1 infection, Meth abuse exacerbates neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected individuals even in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy. While a large body of research have studied the individual effects of Meth and HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) in the brain, far less has focused on their synergistic influence. Moreover, it is well-documented that the hippocampus is the primary site of spatial learning and long-term memory formation. Dysregulation of activity-dependent synaptic transmission and plasticity in the hippocampus is believed to impair neurocognitive function. To uncover the underlying mechanisms for increased incidence and severity of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in HIV-1-infected patients with Meth abuse, we investigated acute individual and combined effects of Meth (20 μM) and gp120 (200 pM) on synaptic transmission and plasticity in the CA1 region of young adult male rat hippocampus, a brain region known to be vulnerable to HIV-1 infection. Our results showed that acute localized application of Meth and gp120 each alone onto the CA1 region reduced short-term dynamics of input-output responses and frequency facilitation, and attenuated long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by either high frequency stimulation or theta burst stimulation. A synergistic augmentation on activity-dependent synaptic plasticity was observed when Meth and gp120 were applied in combination. Paired-pulse facilitation results exhibited an altered facilitation ratio, suggesting a presynaptic site of action. Further studies revealed an involvement of microglia NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Meth augmentation of gp120-mediated attenuation of LTP. Taken together, our results demonstrated Meth augmented gp120 attenuation of LTP in the hippocampus. Since LTP is the accepted experimental analog of learning at the synaptic level, such augmentation may underlie Meth exacerbation of HAND observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- The Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Benjamin Reiner
- The Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Jianuo Liu
- The Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Linda Xu
- The Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Huangui Xiong
- The Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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Gao YL, Liu YC, Zhang X, Shou ST, Chai YF. Insight Into Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:830784. [PMID: 35370925 PMCID: PMC8965708 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.830784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction during sepsis, and is associated with increased mortality and poor outcomes in septic patients. Despite the high incidence and clinical relevance, the exact mechanisms driving SAE pathogenesis are not yet fully understood, and no specific therapeutic strategies are available. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a role in SAE pathogenesis, thought to be related with alleviation of sepsis-induced hyper-inflammation and immune responses, promotion of T helper (Th) 2 cells functional shift, neuroinflammation resolution, improvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, among others. Moreover, in a clinical point of view, these cells have the potential value of improving neurological and psychiatric/mental symptoms in SAE patients. This review aims to provide a general overview of SAE from its initial clinical presentation to long-term cognitive impairment and summarizes the main features of its pathogenesis. Additionally, a detailed overview on the main mechanisms by which Tregs may impact SAE pathogenesis is given. Finally, and considering that Tregs may be a novel target for immunomodulatory intervention in SAE, different therapeutic options, aiming to boost peripheral and brain infiltration of Tregs, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-lei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Yu-lei Gao
| | - Yan-cun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, China
| | - Song-tao Shou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-fen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-fen Chai
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Jiang S, Wang YQ, Tang Y, Lu X, Guo D. Environmental Enrichment Protects Against Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy-Induced Learning and Memory Deficits by Enhancing the Synthesis and Release of Vasopressin in the Supraoptic Nucleus. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:363-379. [PMID: 35079222 PMCID: PMC8776728 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s345108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a severe complication of sepsis, sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) usually manifests as impaired learning and memory ability in survivors. Previous studies have reported that environmental enrichment (EE) can increase the learning and memory ability in different brain injury models. However, there has been no research on the possible positive effect of EE on SAE. Aim The present study aimed to test the effect of EE on SAE-induced impairment of learning and memory and its related mechanisms. Methods A Morris water maze test (MWM) was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of SAE rats that received EE housing or not. The expression of vasopressin (VP) was assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The synthesis of VP in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Moreover, inflammatory markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected using ELISA. Results The results showed that SAE induced a decreased learning and memory ability, while EE reversed this impairment. EE also enhanced the synthesis and secretion of VP in the SON. Blocking the action of VP in the hippocampus interrupted the EE-induced amelioration of learning and memory impairment. Moreover, EE induced changes to the levels of BDNF and cytokines in the hippocampus and these effects were mediated by VP binding to the VP receptor 1a. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that the enhanced synthesis and secretion of VP in the SON are a key determinant responsible for EE-induced alleviation of learning and memory deficits caused by SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shan Jiang, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Ying Hua Yuan East Street, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 84205288, Fax +86 10 64217749, Email
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Sunshine Union Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China
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