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Gongora M, Nicoliche E, Magalhães J, Vicente R, Teixeira S, Bastos VH, Bittencourt J, Cagy M, Basile LF, Budde H, Velasques B, Ribeiro P. Event-related potential (P300): the effects of levetiracetam in cognitive performance. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2309-2316. [PMID: 33037974 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study is a reanalysis in the time domain of EEG data collection in healthy adults during an oddball paradigm using levetiracetam (LEV) vs. placebo acute administration. Specifically, the event-related potential (ERP) technique provides a tool for exploring the EEG responses to a specific event/stimulus. One of the ERP components widely studied is the P300 component, which is associated with the last stage of information processing and a general measurement of "cognitive efficiency." METHODS The sample was composed of thirteen healthy right-handed individuals randomized to participate under two conditions: LEV and placebo. Electrophysiological measures were collected before and after drug intake. We explored the oddball paradigm, which is commonly used with healthy individuals to investigate the stages of information processing. RESULTS The electrophysiological results showed a main effect of condition on P300 amplitude for the frontal (F3, Fz, F4), central (C3, Cz, C4), and parietal electrodes (P3, Pz, P4). The post hoc comparisons (Scheffé's test) demonstrated the significant differences between electrodes. Regarding P300 latency, all regions represented a main effect of condition. A P300 latency reduction was observed during LEV condition compared with placebo. CONCLUSION Our study observed the ERP component-P300-through the variation of its amplitude and latency to evaluate a supposed higher CNS efficiency when participants were under the LEV effect. Our findings sustain this premise, mainly due to reducing in P300 latency for the LEV condition, supporting the neural efficiency hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Nicoliche
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Julio Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renan Vicente
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical therapy - Veiga de Almeida University of Rio de Janeiro (UVA/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis F Basile
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Faculdade da Saúde, UMESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neuropsychology of Attention, Institute of Psychiatry of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
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Baker CM, Burks JD, Briggs RG, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Morgan JP, Stafford J, Sali G, McCoy TM, Battiste JD, O'Donoghue DL, Sughrue ME. A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 2: The Lateral Frontal Lobe. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:S10-S74. [PMID: 30260426 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 2, we specifically address regions relevant to the lateral frontal lobe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jake P Morgan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan Stafford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tressie M McCoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Ok-lahoma Health Sciences Center, Okla-homa City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Battiste
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel L O'Donoghue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,De-partment of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Izawa Y, Suzuki H. Motor action of the frontal eye field on the eyes and neck in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 2018. [PMID: 29513149 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00577.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal stimulation in the frontal eye field (FEF) evoked eye movements that were often accompanied by neck movements. Experiments were performed with concurrent recording of both movements in trained monkeys. We recorded neck forces under a head-restrained condition with a force-measuring system. With the system, we measured forces along the x-, y-, and z-axes and torque about the z-axis. Torque about the z-axis that represented yaw rotation of the head was significantly affected by stimulation. We found that stimulation generated two types of motor actions of the eyes and neck. In the first type, contraversive neck forces were evoked by stimulation of the medial part of the FEF, where contraversive saccadic eye movements with large amplitudes were evoked. When the stimulus intensity was increased, saccades were evoked in an all-or-none manner, whereas the amplitude of neck forces increased gradually. In the second type, contraversive neck forces were evoked by stimulation of the medial and caudal part of the FEF, where ipsiversive slow eye movements were evoked. The depth profiles of amplitudes of neck forces were almost parallel to those of eye movements in individual stimulation tracks. The present results suggest that the FEF is involved in the control of motor actions of the neck as well as the eyes. The FEF area associated with contraversive saccades and contraversive neck movements may contribute to a gaze shift process, whereas that associated with ipsiversive slow eye movements and contraversive neck movements may contribute to a visual stabilization process. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Focal stimulation in the frontal eye field (FEF) evoked eye and neck movements. We recorded neck forces under a head-restrained condition with a force-measuring system. Taking advantage of this approach, we could analyze slow eye movements that were dissociated from the vestibuloocular reflex. We found ipsiversive slow eye movements in combination with contraversive neck forces, suggesting that the FEF may be a source of a corollary discharge signal for compensatory eye movements during voluntary neck movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Izawa
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hisao Suzuki
- Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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Liugan M, Zhang M, Cakmak YO. Neuroprosthetics for Auricular Muscles: Neural Networks and Clinical Aspects. Front Neurol 2018; 8:752. [PMID: 29387041 PMCID: PMC5775970 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian external ear houses extrinsic and intrinsic auricular muscles. There are three extrinsic auricular muscles-the posterior, superior, and anterior auricular muscles-and six intrinsic muscles-the helicis major and minor, tragicus, anti-tragicus, transverse and oblique muscles. These muscles have been considered vestigial in humans. However, numerous therapeutic and diagnostic wearable devices are designed to monitor and alleviate the symptoms of neurological disorders, brainstem injuries, emotional states, and auditory functions, by making use of the neural networks of the auricular muscles and their locations, which are easily accessible for ergonomic wearable biomedical devices. They can also serve as a bio-controller of human neuroprosthetics. The functionality of these auricular muscles remains elusive and requires further experimentation for a more in-depth understanding of their anatomy. The aims of this review are (1) to provide a detailed account of the neural networks of the extrinsic and intrinsic auricular muscles, (2) to describe diagnostic and therapeutic functions of these muscles as demonstrated in the current literature, and (3) to outline existing and potential neuroprosthetic applications making use of the auricular muscles and their neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikee Liugan
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ferroni CG, Maranesi M, Livi A, Lanzilotto M, Bonini L. Comparative Performance of Linear Multielectrode Probes and Single-Tip Electrodes for Intracortical Microstimulation and Single-Neuron Recording in Macaque Monkey. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:84. [PMID: 29187815 PMCID: PMC5694771 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is one of the most widely employed techniques for providing causal evidence of the relationship between neuronal activity and specific motor, perceptual, or even cognitive functions. In recent years, several new types of linear multielectrode silicon probes have been developed, allowing researchers to sample neuronal activity at different depths along the same cortical site simultaneously and with high spatial precision. Nevertheless, silicon multielectrode probes have been rarely employed for ICMS studies and, more importantly, it is unknown whether and to what extent they can be used for combined recording and stimulation experiments. Here, we addressed these issues during both acute and chronic conditions. First, we compared the behavioral outcomes of ICMS delivered to the hand region of a monkey's motor cortex with multielectrode silicon probes, commercially available multisite stainless-steel probes and single-tip glass-coated tungsten microelectrodes. The results for all three of the probes were reliable and similar. Furthermore, we tested the impact of long-train ICMS delivered through chronically implanted silicon probes at different time intervals, from 1 to 198 days after ICMS sessions, showing that although the number of recorded neurons decreased over time, in line with previous studies, ICMS did not alter silicon probes' recording capabilities. These findings indicate that in ICMS experiments, the performance of linear multielectrode silicon probes is comparable to that of both single-tip and multielectrode stainless-steel probes, suggesting that the silicon probes can be successfully used for combined recording and stimulation studies in chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G Ferroni
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Maranesi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Brain Center for Social and Motor Cognition, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Livi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Lanzilotto
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bonini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Neuronal Encoding of Self and Others' Head Rotation in the Macaque Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8571. [PMID: 28819117 PMCID: PMC5561028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following gaze is a crucial skill, in primates, for understanding where and at what others are looking, and often requires head rotation. The neural basis underlying head rotation are deemed to overlap with the parieto-frontal attention/gaze-shift network. Here, we show that a set of neurons in monkey’s Brodmann area 9/46dr (BA 9/46dr), which is involved in orienting processes and joint attention, becomes active during self head rotation and that the activity of these neurons cannot be accounted for by saccade-related activity (head-rotation neurons). Another set of BA 9/46dr neurons encodes head rotation performed by an observed agent facing the monkey (visually triggered neurons). Among these latter neurons, almost half exhibit the intriguing property of encoding both execution and observation of head rotation (mirror-like neurons). Finally, by means of neuronal tracing techniques, we showed that BA 9/46dr takes part into two distinct networks: a dorso/mesial network, playing a role in spatial head/gaze orientation, and a ventrolateral network, likely involved in processing social stimuli and mirroring others’ head. The overall results of this study provide a new, comprehensive picture of the role of BA 9/46dr in encoding self and others’ head rotation, likely playing a role in head-following behaviors.
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