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Wang S, Dong J, Zhao XL, Song X, Long YH, Xing ZB. Genome-wide identification of MBD gene family members in Eleutherococcus senticosus with their expression motifs under drought stress and DNA demethylation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:84. [PMID: 36814191 PMCID: PMC9948437 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methyl-binding domain (MBD) is a class of methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins that affects the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic modifications. MBD genes are not only inseparable from DNA methylation but have also been identified and validated in various plants. Although MBD is involved in a group of physiological processes and stress regulation in these plants, MBD genes in Eleutherococcus senticosus remain largely unknown. RESULTS Twenty EsMBD genes were identified in E. senticosus. Among the 24 chromosomes of E. senticosus, EsMBD genes were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes, and only one tandem repeat gene existed. Collinearity analysis showed that the fragment duplication was the main motif for EsMBD gene expansion. As the species of Araliaceae evolved, MBD genes also evolved and gradually exhibited different functional differentiation. Furthermore, cis-acting element analysis showed that there were numerous cis-acting elements in the EsMBD promoter region, among which light response elements and anaerobic induction elements were dominant. The expression motif analysis revealed that 60% of the EsMBDs were up-regulated in the 30% water content group. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the transcriptome data of different saponin contents of E. senticosus and integrating them with the outcomes of molecular docking analysis, we hypothesized that EsMBD2 and EsMBD5 jointly affect the secondary metabolic processes of E. senticosus saponins by binding to methylated CpG under conditions of drought stress. The results of this study laid the foundation for subsequent research on the E. senticosus and MBD genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jing Dong
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xue-Lei Zhao
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Song
- grid.440734.00000 0001 0707 0296College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue-Hong Long
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
| | - Zhao-Bin Xing
- College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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Al Dera H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders and associated comorbidities: A pathophysiological review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112688. [PMID: 35149383 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that develop in early life due to interaction between several genetic and environmental factors and lead to alterations in brain function and structure. During the last decades, several mechanisms have been placed to explain the pathogenesis of autism. Unfortunately, these are reported in several studies and reviews which make it difficult to follow by the reader. In addition, some recent molecular mechanisms related to ASD have been unrevealed. This paper revises and highlights the major common molecular mechanisms responsible for the clinical symptoms seen in people with ASD, including the roles of common genetic factors and disorders, neuroinflammation, GABAergic signaling, and alterations in Ca+2 signaling. Besides, it covers the major molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in initiating the epileptic seizure, including the alterations in the GABAergic and glutamate signaling, vitamin and mineral deficiency, disorders of metabolism, and autoimmunity. Finally, this review also discusses sleep disorder patterns and the molecular mechanisms underlying them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Al Dera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine at King Saud, Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Torres RF, Hidalgo C, Kerr B. Mecp2 Mediates Experience-Dependent Transcriptional Upregulation of Ryanodine Receptor Type-3. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:188. [PMID: 28659760 PMCID: PMC5468404 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mecp2 is a DNA methylation reader that plays a critical role in experience-dependent plasticity. Increasing evidence supports a role for epigenetic modifications in activity-induced gene expression. Hence, candidate genes related to such phenomena are of great interest. Ryanodine receptors are intracellular calcium channels that contribute to hippocampal synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine remodeling, and participate in learning and memory processes. Here we exposed mice to the enriched environment (EE) paradigm, which through increased stimulation induces experience dependent-plasticity, to explore a role for methyl-cytosines, and Mecp2 in directing Ryanodine receptor 3 (Ryr3) transcriptional activity. EE induced a hippocampal-specific increase in the methylation of discrete cytosines located at a Ryr3 isoform promoter; chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that EE increased Mecp2 binding to this Ryr3 isoform promoter. Interestingly, the experimental paradigm induced robust Ryr3 upregulation, accompanied by miR132-dependent suppression of p250GAP, a pathway driving synaptogenesis. In contrast to WT mice, Mecp2-null mice showed diminished levels of Ryr3 and displayed impaired EE-induced Ryr3 upregulation, compromising miR132 dependent suppression of p250GAP and experience-dependent structural plasticity. Based on these results, we propose that Mecp2 acts as a transcriptional activator of Ryr3, contributing to experience-dependent plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F Torres
- Laboratory of Biology, Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdivia, Chile
| | - Cecilia Hidalgo
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Biophysics Program, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Laboratory of Biology, Centro de Estudios CientíficosValdivia, Chile
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Ng T, Hor CHH, Chew B, Zhao J, Zhong Z, Ryu JR, Goh ELK. Neuropilin 2 Signaling Is Involved in Cell Positioning of Adult-born Neurons through Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25088-25095. [PMID: 27687730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper positioning of neurons is fundamental for brain functions. However, little is known on how adult-born neurons generated in the hilar side of hippocampal dentate gyrus migrate into the granular cell layer. Because class 3 Semaphorins (Sema3) are involved in dendritic growth of these newborn neurons, we examined whether they are essential for cell positioning. We disrupted Sema3 signaling by silencing neuropilin 1 (NRP1) or 2 (NRP2), the main receptors for Sema3A and Sema3F, in neural progenitors of adult mouse dentate gyrus. Silencing of NRP2, but not NRP1, affected cell positioning of adult newborn neurons. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) knockdown phenocopied this NRP2 silencing-mediated cell positioning defect, but did not affect dendritic growth. Furthermore, GSK3β is activated upon stimulation with Sema3F, and GSK3β overexpression rescued the cell positioning phenotypes seen in NRP2-deficient neurons. These results point to a new role for NRP2 in the positioning of neurons during adult hippocampal neurogenesis, acting via the GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teclise Ng
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and
| | - Catherine H H Hor
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,the Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Chew
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and
| | - Jing Zhao
- GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and .,Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,the Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and.,the KK Research Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
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Balakrishnan S, Niebert M, Richter DW. Rescue of Cyclic AMP Mediated Long Term Potentiation Impairment in the Hippocampus of Mecp2 Knockout (Mecp2(-/y) ) Mice by Rolipram. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:15. [PMID: 26869885 PMCID: PMC4737891 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) patients experience learning difficulties and memory loss. Analogous deficits of hippocampal plasticity are reported in mouse models of RTT. To elucidate the underlying pathophysiology, we studied long term potentiation (LTP) at the CA3 to CA1 synapses in the hippocampus in acute brain slices from WT and Mecp2(-/y) mice, by either activating cAMP dependent pathway or using high frequency stimulation, by means of patch clamp. We have observed that, the NMDA channel current characteristics remain unchanged in the Mecp2(-/y) mice. The adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist forskolin evoked a long lasting potentiation of evoked EPSCs in WT CA1 neurons, but only minimally enhanced the EPSCs in the Mecp2(-/y) mice. This weaker potentiation in Mecp2 (-/) (y) mice was ameliorated by application of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram. The hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel current (I h) was potentiated to similar extent by forskolin in both phenotypes. Multiple tetanus induced cAMP-dependent plasticity was also impaired in the Mecp2 (-/) (y) mice, and was also partially rescued by rolipram. Western blot analysis of CA region of Mecp2 (-/) (y) mice hippocampus revealed more than twofold up-regulation of protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits, while the expression of the catalytic subunit remained unchanged. We hypothesize that the overexpressed PKA regulatory subunits buffer cAMP and restrict the PKA mediated phosphorylation of target proteins necessary for LTP. Blocking the degradation of cAMP, thereby saturating the regulatory subunits alleviated this defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saju Balakrishnan
- Institute for Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Niebert
- Institute for Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diethelm W Richter
- Institute for Neuro and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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Leong WY, Lim ZH, Korzh V, Pietri T, Goh ELK. Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 (Mecp2) Regulates Sensory Function Through Sema5b and Robo2. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:481. [PMID: 26733807 PMCID: PMC4685056 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the MECP2 underlies Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder in young females. Although reduced pain sensitivity in Rett syndrome patients and in partial MeCP2 deficient mice had been reported, these previous studies focused predominantly on motor impairments. Therefore, it is still unknown how MeCP2 is involved in these sensory defects. In addition, the human disease manifestations where males with mutations in MECP2 gene normally do not survive and females show typical neurological symptoms only after 18 months of age, is profoundly different in MeCP2-deficient mouse where all animals survived, and males but not females displayed Rett syndrome phenotypes at an early age. Thus, the mecp2-deficient zebrafish serves as an additional animal model to aid in deciphering the role and mechanisms of Mecp2 in neurodevelopment. Here, we used two independent methods of silencing expression of Mecp2 in zebrafish to uncover a novel role of Mecp2 in trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons during the embryonic development. mecp2-null mutation and morpholino-mediated silencing of Mecp2 in the zebrafish embryos resulted in defects in peripheral innervation of trigeminal sensory neurons and consequently affecting the sensory function. These defects were demonstrated to be dependent on the expression of Sema5b and Robo2. The expression of both proteins together could better overcome the defects caused by Mecp2 deficiency as compared to the expression of either Sema5b or Robo2 alone. Sema5b and Robo2 were downregulated upon Mecp2 silencing or in mecp2-null embryos, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay using antibody against Mecp2 was able to pull down specific regions of both Sema5b and Robo2 promoters, showing interaction between Mecp2 and the promoters of both genes. In addition, cell-specific expression of Mecp2 can overcome the innervation and sensory response defects in Mecp2 morphants indicating that these MeCP2-mediated defects are cell-autonomous. The sensory deficits caused by Mecp2 deficiency mirror the diminished sensory response observed in Rett syndrome patients. This suggests that zebrafish could be an unconventional but useful model for this disorder manifesting defects that are not easily studied in full using rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Y Leong
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhi H Lim
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore Singapore
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, SingaporeSingapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSingapore
| | - Thomas Pietri
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1024, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 8197 Paris, France
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, SingaporeSingapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSingapore; KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, SingaporeSingapore
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Varadinova M, Boyadjieva N. Epigenetic mechanisms: A possible link between autism spectrum disorders and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:71-80. [PMID: 26408203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) still remains unclear and seems to involve a considerable overlap between polygenic, epigenetic and environmental factors. We have summarized the current understanding of the interplay between gene expression dysregulation via epigenetic modifications and the potential epigenetic impact of environmental factors in neurodevelopmental deficits. Furthermore, we discuss the scientific controversies of the relationship between prenatal exposure to alcohol and alcohol-induced epigenetic dysregulations, and gene expression alterations which are associated with disrupted neural plasticity and causal pathways for ASDs. The review of the literature suggests that a better understanding of developmental epigenetics should contribute to furthering our comprehension of the etiology and pathogenesis of ASDs and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Varadinova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Nadka Boyadjieva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Chew B, Ryu JR, Ng T, Ma D, Dasgupta A, Neo SH, Zhao J, Zhong Z, Bichler Z, Sajikumar S, Goh ELK. Lentiviral silencing of GSK-3β in adult dentate gyrus impairs contextual fear memory and synaptic plasticity. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:158. [PMID: 26157370 PMCID: PMC4477161 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts have been made to use glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitors for prophylactic treatment of neurocognitive conditions. However the use of lithium, a non-specific inhibitor of GSK3β results in mild cognitive impairment in humans. The effects of global GSK3β inhibition or knockout on learning and memory in healthy adult mice are also inconclusive. Our study aims to better understand the role of GSK3β in learning and memory through a more regionally, targeted approach, specifically performing lentiviral-mediated knockdown of GSK3β within the dentate gyrus (DG). DG-GSK3β-silenced mice showed impaired contextual fear memory retrieval. However, cue fear memory, spatial memory, locomotor activity and anxiety levels were similar to control. These GSK3β-silenced mice also showed increased induction and maintenance of DG long-term potentiation (DG-LTP) compared to control animals. Thus, this region-specific, targeted knockdown of GSK3β in the DG provides better understanding on the role of GSK3β in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chew
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teclise Ng
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongliang Ma
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ananya Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Hui Neo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Zoë Bichler
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore ; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; KK Research Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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Wang H, Doering LC. Autism spectrum disorders: emerging mechanisms and mechanism-based treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:183. [PMID: 26029053 PMCID: PMC4428121 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie C Doering
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Hamilton, ON, Canada
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